赖世雄讲语法-笔记.doc

S001. 动词作主语：（1）v.+ing：动名词作主语，表示已知的事实或经验，有已经做了的含义例：Working with him is a lot of fun.（2）To+v.：不定式作主语，表示意愿，有此动作还没有做的含义例：To study abroad is my goal.代词作主语，例：it主语太长的情况下，用it做代主语，原主语放在最后但注意，动名词需要变成不定式to+v. 例：It is fun to learn english with him.注意：It is no use + 动名词，It is useless + 不定式，It is of no use + 不定式，There is no use/sense/point + in + 动名词短语句子做主语，则前面需加That，变成名词从句名词从句有三种：代词，whether，疑问句代词：That he loves me is ture.Whether：如果用yes，no回答的时候，这时候主语是句子，则前面加whether例：Is she beautiful? 变成Whether she is beautiful? Whether she is beautiful remains to be seen.S002.疑问句：Where is he going? 变成Where he is going is still a mystery。

疑问词保留，但后面变为正常句式动词短语作主语：疑问词+不定式，where to go，how to do但注意why不可以做名词主语Why did you cry? 变成 Why he cried is something we don't know. 不能是 Why to cry表距离from A to B，时间from A to/till B的介词短语也可以作主语，1990-2003 用to或者till都可以From 1990 to 2003 is a long period of time. 动词：完全不及物，不完全不及物，完全及物，不完全及物，授予动词我__她，她被我__如果填进去都说得通，则为及物动词love，我爱她，她被我爱，可以happen，我发生车祸，车祸被我发生，不可以简单说：不及物动词没有被动语态S003. S004.完全及物动词：加了宾语后意思完整I love her. 只有2种情况，一种是主语+动词+宾语（名词，代词），另外一种是主语+be动词+v.ed，he is loved，后面没有宾语，前面一定有be动词不完全及物动词：加了宾语后意思不完整I made him... 意思是使...成为。

此类句子需要加补足语，I made him happy. 3种常用用法：1.“叫……做某事”，2.“让……做某事”，3.“强迫……做某事”1. make, have：make+宾语+原形动词做补足语：I made him watch the car, I had him watch the car, I made him sing a song. get有“叫，吩咐”的意思，但是需要加不定式I will get him to take care of it. 我叫他关注一下2. let：后面也加动词原形，I will let him do that. I will let him sing a song. Well, I have a house to let. （这时候let也有出租的意思，英国人常用）let up：停了 The rain let up. 雨停了3. force，push后面加不定式短语做宾语补足语 I will force/push him to do sth.cause：促使That story caused me to cry. = made me cry.完全不及物动词：名词加动词意思已经完整。

dance. 通常2种情况，一种是主语+动词，另外一种是主语+be动词+动名词形式，he danced, he was dancing(用was时候，表示当时在……), 没有被动语态不完全不及物动词：后面需要加补足语become. He became a good boy. He became knowledgeable. He became handsome. （形容词是修饰主语的，所以叫主语补足语注意：become后面可跟任何形容词，但是get表变成时，一般加表示生气的词，比如angry但是get表被……的时候可以接表示伤害的词，got hurt，turn一般是表示颜色的变动S005.授予动词一般情况下，物品为直接宾语，人为间接宾语物在后，人在前，I give him a book，如果把物提前，则需要+to，I give a book to him. S006.例外：I make a chair for him, I bought a book for him. 如果一个人的行为里，是含有一定替别人做的工作量，则不用to，用forS007.授予动词如果从中获得一些的话，则不用to，for，也不用from，用of。

例：I asked a question of him, I asked him a question. I will expect him something, I will expect something of him. 当动词是expect, demand, require的时候，后面那种用法比较好require, demand, ask这类东西都是跟of并用of在有些时候表示负担：deprive 夺取 The court deprive him of his rights. 法律夺取了他的权利uneasy不是不容易，是不安的. I feel uneasy when I see my teacher. 我看到老师就不安at ease (n.容易) 和at一起用表示心安I feel at ease when I see my teacher. ease v.减轻 He eased me of my burden.负担，这里of表示负担S008.pass away 去世I haven't the faintest idea when he will come. = I don't know when he will come.感官动词：look, feel, smell, taste等，均是不完全不及物动词，后面需要加形容词做主语补足语。

He looks sad.S009. 主语+完全不及物动词He fainted. He left. He died.主语+不完全不及物动词He is big. He looks happy. 主语+完全及物动词His girlfriend just dumped him. 注意：有些表示期望的完全及物动词后面需要加不定式短语做宾语：I want to see him. I plan to see him. enjoy后面只能跟动名词例外：like，hate，后面加to do或者v.ing都可以dislike不喜欢，后面加doingS010.标点符号的作用：“；”分号有连接词的作用：He is a good student; I like him very much. 没有连接词，只用逗号是错的~“-”破折号，也有连接词的作用，一般是连接2个不同句构，后面的用来解释前面的He is a good student - He studies hard every day. everyday adj. 后面要跟名词，表示日常的：That's his everyday life. every day adv.连词：He is a good student, so因此/and同时，而且 I like him very much. S011.注意不要犯双重连词的错误：1、because和so不可以一起用Because he is a good student, so I like him very much. 错的，双重连词Because he is a good student, I like him very much. 对的，但注意because在开头的话，后面加个逗号He is a good student, so I like him very much. 对的2、though, althought不可以和but连用Though he is nice, but I don't like him. 错的Though he is nice, I don't like him. 对的He is nice, but I don't like him. 对的S012.并列连词：and, or, but 连接并列对等的单词，短语或从句John and I enjoy singing. I am working in Beijing and Tianjin in the same time. Are you right or wrong?He failed because he was lazy and he was selfish.He is not handsome but ugly. He is not in Shanghai but in Beijing. 不是……而是……He failed not because he was lazy but because he was selfish.副词连词：除了上面3个，一般都是S013.but：如果表示但是，则连接两个对等的主句，but前面加逗号。

He is nice, but I don't like him.but：如果表示而是，则连接两个对等的单词或短语，往往和not并用and：连接两个主语时，Peter and I are fond of music. 用areas well as：表示“以及”Peter as well as I is 此时be动词随着第一个主语，以为是Peter，所以是israther than：表示“而不是”Peter rather than I is fond of music. 但是rather than可以用not代替，但是not前面要加逗号：Peter, not I, is fond of music.He is ugly rather than handsome. = He is ugly, not handsome.S014. 有些连词，连接主语的时候后面的动词形态随着最近的主语做变化not...but...并非……而是 Not he but I am wrong. no only...but also...不仅……而且 Not only he but also I am wrong. either...or...要不……要不 Either you or he is wrong.neither..nor...既不……也不 Neither you nor he is wrong.副词连词：不是连接对等词类，只能放在主语前面，来做副词/状语从句。

主句：单一句，含有主语，动词，可以放句号的，就叫句子当把句号去掉，就叫主句从句：无法单独存在，需。