赣南客家祠堂宗族研究.doc

分 类 号： 密 级： 学校代码：10414 学 号：2006010542 硕 士 研 究 生 学 位 论 文赣南客家祠堂宗族研究The study of Hakka lineage with ancestral hall in Gannan area陈伟明 院 所：历史文化与旅游学院 导师姓名：张英明学科专业：中国近现代史 研究方向：社会史 二○○九 年 五 月独 创 性 声 明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意学位论文作者签名： 签字日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解江西师范大学研究生院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

本人授权江西师范大学研究生院可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）学位论文作者签名： 导师签名：签字日期： 年 月 日 签字日期： 年 月 I日I摘 要本文通过对赣南客家祠堂宗族的族产、意识形态、组织管理三个重点层面进行详细的分析论述，初步勾勒出了赣南客家祠堂宗族社会的整体面貌；同时通过对赣南客家祠堂宗族的成因及其命运进行了宏观的概括分析，也初步总结出几个制约赣南客家祠堂宗族兴衰命运的关键因素这不仅有助于认识、把握赣南客家祠堂宗族，同时也对深刻理解宗族的本质以及正确对待、处理当今的宗族问题都有重要的理论指导意义本文绪论对宗族问题的研究进行了详细的学术史回顾，同时也对各式各样的“宗族”概念进梳理，并在学习吸收相关前辈学术成果的基础上对“宗族” 、 “祠堂宗族” 、 “自在性宗族”作出了符合本文写作意图的界定第一章也在学习吸收前辈学术成果的基础上对赣南与“客家”的关系进行了分析与概述第二章抓住赣南客家祠堂宗族的物质经济基础－族产、意识形态、组织管理三个重点层面进行详细的分析论述。

主要成果有认为赣南客家祠堂宗族的族产生成具有来源广泛灵活的特点，而族产的功用也多用于公益事业，这是宗族组织能够行使一系列生产互助、推动社区发展、兴办教育、社会基层保障等功能的基础而在意识形态方面，除了一般的封建伦理意识和宗法意识外，赣南客家祠堂宗族还具有以祖先崇拜为主的泛神崇拜意识、强烈的宗族认同意识、强烈的风水意识、强烈的功名意识这些意识观念都深深地打上了宗族生存斗争的烙印祠堂宗族的组织管理基本上实行的是“统分结合，分级管理”的模式，并坚持“民主选贤，论辈重能”的原则和方法生成管理组织这也充分体现出赣南客家祠堂宗族在组织管理上充满民主性、灵活性、创造性的特点最后通过用马斯洛的人性基本需求理论对祠堂宗族进行整体审视发现，赣南客家宗族侧重在满足人们生存需求：如衣食住等生理需求、安全需求、归属需求第三章对近代以来赣南客家宗族的命运进行了回顾，对赣南客家祠堂宗族复兴以后的现状特征概括为与时俱进、组织状况不平衡、宗族功能趋于萎缩、宗族观念渐趋弱化最后在结语中对赣南客家宗族进行了总结，并总括出影响赣南客家祠堂宗族命运的主要因素有地域因素、移民因素、政权因素、经济社会因素、人性需求满足与否的因素，也点出了笔者对研究宗族问题与宗族未来的基本看法。

本文创新之处有限，主要论述建立在前辈研究成果的基础上进行，追求的是一种“既见树木又见森林”的效果！关键词: 宗族；赣南；客家；祠堂宗族；需求IIAbstractBased on detailed reserches into three key aspects of Hakka lineage with ancestral hall in Gannan area - public property, ideology , organization and management , This article has drawn the outline of Hakka lineage with ancestral hall in Gannan area .meanwhile,This article has concluded some key factors restricting the fate of Gannan-Hakka lineage with ancestral hall by Summarizing formation course and historical fate of Gannan-Hakka lineage with ancestral hall with a macroscopical eyeshot and a detailed examination.Those findings plays an important theoretical guiding role in helping us understand Gannan-Hakka lineage with ancestral hall or its characteristics deeply and giving us some correct treatments to deal with the issue of today's lineages or clans.In the introductory chapter of this thesis,the author has made a detailed academic retrospect about lineage research,and also carded all kinds of concepts of “lineage”.Based on Learning and absorbing Predecessors' academic findings,the author newly define“lineage”,“lineage with ancestral hall ”,“lineage in itself”as author's writing wish. In the same way,the author has Summarized and analysed the relationship between Gannan and“Hakka”in first chapter.In the second chapter,the author discuss economic base－public property, ideology , organization and management which are three key aspects of Hakka lineage with ancestral hall in Gannan area in detail, the main achievements inclue those contents as follows:public property of Hakka lineage with ancestral hall in Gannan area was formed by various methods and was mainly used to the public service,this is the base for the lineage to perform all kinds of lineage functions such as mutual aid in production,promoting community development, establishment of education， grass-roots social security and so on;In ideology, apart from the general awareness of the feudal and patriarchal ethics awareness,the lineage 'ideology also contain strong belief in more than one god based on ancestor worship ，strong sense of lineage identity, strong sense of feng shui ,strong sense of career awareness,These ideologies are deeply marked by the struggle to survive from lineages in the fight for existence.The other findings are that the lineage's organization and management adopt "sub-combination of Unification,classification management" model to organize and manage. and the lineage always adhere to the principles "democratic meritocracy, position combine －s ability"to generate management organizations. Those model and principles mirrors that the organization and management of Hakka lineages with ancestral hall in Gannan area is full of democracy, flexibility and innovative features.In conclusion,the author find that the Hakka lineages with ancestral hall in Gannan area looks like an IIIindependent small community,if using Maslow's hierarchy of needs to reconsider this kind of lineage,it can be easily found that the lineage meet people's basic needs focusing on physiological needs such as clothing, food and housing, security requirements, affiliation needs .In the third chapter, the author reviewed the fate of Gannan－Hakka lineage since modern times and summed up some characteristics belong to current Gannan－Hakka lineage as 。