TOEFL Junior 阅读教材.doc

TOEFL Junior Reading Comprehension35目录1 TOEFL Junior 阅读宏观综述 Introduction to TOEFL Junior Reading Comprehension 32 TOEFL Junior 阅读题型介绍 32.1 词汇题 32.2 事实信息题 42.3 否定事实信息题 62.4 指代题 72.5 修辞目的题 92.6 推断题 102.7 主旨题 113 TOEFL Junior 阅读篇章练习 12天文类 12地理地质类 20生物类 29生态学类 36古生物类 42人文社会科学类 49美国历史题材 54文学艺术类 771 TOEFL Junior 阅读宏观综述 Introduction to TOEFL Junior Reading ComprehensionTOEFL Junior阅读考试主要考查学生寻找文章基本信息，进行合理推理以及理解文章内容概要的能力TJ阅读部分总共包括6-7篇文章，每篇文章包括4-10题不等，总题数为40-42题，文章取材主要分为两类，分别是应用型文体和学术型文体应用型文体包括电子邮件，书面邮件，通知公告等等；学术型文体主要包括自然科学，社会科学，艺术等不同的学科领域，多数是对某一个学术内容的综述性介绍。

2 TOEFL Junior 阅读题型介绍2.1 词汇题1. 考察实质词汇题考察考生是否理解文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思单词的意思必须符合原文的意思需要指出的是，TJ阅读词汇题并没有一个必然会考到的“词汇表”通常情况下，备考到的单词或短语对于理解文章的一个大的或重要的部分起到至关重要的作用2. 提问方式词汇题很好识别，在文章中每五行会有行号，然后问题如下： X, the word ABC is closest in meaning to _______3. 解题要点1). 如果认识单词，选择与文中意思相符的选项2). 如果不认识单词 (1) 词根词缀法 (2) 上下文推断法 上下文推断法可利用的线索：同义关系，反义关系，解释关系，词语搭配4. 例题The largest giant gas planet, Jupiter, with a volume 1,300 times greater than Earth's, contains more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planet without solid surfaces. Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might have attained internal temperatures as high as the ignition point for nuclear reactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right. 1. The word "attained" is closest in meaning to(A) attempted(B) changed(C) lost(D) reachedNo two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma. A coma looks like a misty, patch of light with one or more tails often streaming from it in the direction away from the Sun.2. The word "identical" is closest in meaning to(A) equally fast(B) exactly alike(C) near each other(D) invisibleMolt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approximately one-third of its body weight. It is not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of least stress on the bird. 3. The word "random" is closest in meaning to(A) unfortunate(B) unusual(C) unobservable(D) unpredictableThe external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.4. The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover .The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using grasses, barks, and roots to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, and baby carriers.5. The word "fashion" is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) organize(C) trade(D) create2.2 事实信息题1. 考察实质事实信息题要求考生识别出文章中明确阐述的事实信息。

这些事实信息文体主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者其他坐着阐述的信息此种题型一般要求考生便使劲在文章某一部分提到的具体信息，而不会问及整篇文章的主旨2. 提问方式 事实信息题通常会有以下提问方式：1. According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?2. The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?3. According to the paragraph, X occurred because 4. According to the paragraph, X did Y because .5. According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?6. The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?3. 解题要点 1、快速浏览题干，选出定位词，如 ： 1. 大写字母（人名，地名，专有名词） 2. 连字符 3. 时间，数字 4. 表示题干核心意思的词汇（n. adj. v.） 5. 四个选项的相同结构 2、快速扫描段落，找出定位词，阅读定位句3、正确选项是定位句的同义转述或同义改写。

必须在意思上和语言逻辑上完全符合定位句 4. 例题Much of Jupiter's interior might be in the form of liquid, metallic hydrogen. Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but under pressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in the deep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form a liquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that the innermost core of Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core of Earth.1. According to the passage, hydrogen can become a metallic-like liquid when it is(A) extremely hot(B) combined with helium(C) similar to atmospheres(D) under great pressures2. According to the passage, some scientists believe Jupiter and Earth are similar in that they both have(A) solid surfaces(B) similar masses(C) similar atmospheres(D) metallic coresTelescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the Maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.3. According to the passage, lunar r。