gnuplot的三维作图.doc

假如数据文件data.txt中内容如下： # x y f(X,Y) 0.1 0.1 1 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.3 0.3 2.7 . 则f(X,Y)的图形可如下绘制： 在gnuplot console中使用command： splot “data.txt“ 若要设定x和y的范围： splot [xi,xf] [yi,yf] “data.txt“ 若要画colorful contour map: set pm3d map splot [xi,xf] [yi,yf] “data.txt“ 设定 x axis 显示的significant digit 为小数点后第10位 set format x “%1.10f“ 同理可设置 y axis 设定 x axis tics 的间距为0.1： set xtics 0.1 存为彩色eps图,图名为img.eps： set terminal postscript eps color enhanced set output “img.eps“ replot 1. 输出格式 gnuplot set terminal x11 %输出到屏幕(Linux) gnuplot set terminal postscript portrait noenhanced monochrome blacktext \ dashed dashlength 1.0 linewidth 1.0 defaultplex \ palfuncparam 2000,0.003 \ butt “Helvetica“ 14' gnuplot set output “test.ps“ %输出到PS文件, 以便插入到LaTeX文件中. gnuplot set terminal png small color picsize 640 480 gnuplot set output “test.png“ %输出到图像文件, 以便插入到html文件中. 2. 基本绘图命令 gnuplot plot “test2d.dat“ with lines %绘制曲线图(二维图形) gnuplot splot “test3d.dat“ with lines %绘制曲面图(三维图形) test2d.dat 中的数据为两列, 第一列对应横坐标, 第二列为纵坐标(函数值) test3d.dat 中的数据为三列, 第一,二列对应坐标, 第三列为纵坐标(函数值), 例如: x1 y1 z11 x1 y2 z12 x1 y3 z13 //空一行! x2 y1 z11 x2 y2 z12 x2 y3 z13 //空一行! x3 y1 z11 x3 y2 z12 x3 y3 z13 gnuplot unset surface %不绘制表面图 gnuplot set contour %绘制等值线图 gnuplot set cntrparam levels discrete .1,1/exp(1),.9 %定制等值线 gnuplot set cntrparam levels auto 5 gnuplot set view 0,0 3. 一些例子 set hidden3d; set ticslevel 0; set parametric set isosamples 28,14 set urange [0:2*pi]; set vrange [-pi:pi] set size 0.8,1; set view 60,20,1,1 set ticslevel 0 splot cos(u)+.5*cos(u)*cos(v),sin(u)+.5*sin(u)*cos(v),.5*sin(v), \ 1+cos(u)+.5*cos(u)*cos(v), .5*sin(v), sin(u)+.5*sin(u)*cos(v) set term table set out “tori.table“ replot !gnuconvf -s 200 -i tori.table -o tori.ppm -r 0.85 -X50 -Y-100 -Z50 !convert -transparency black tori.ppm tori.jpg set samples 36 set isosample 36,36 set hidden3d set ticslevel 0 splot sin(x)*sin(y)/x/y set term table set output “3dsurf.table“ replot !gnuconvf -s 200 -i 3dsurf.table -o 3dsurf_p.ppm !display ./3dsurf_p.ppm !gnuconvf -s 200 -i 3dsurf.table -o 3dsurf_f.ppm -f !display ./3dsurf_f.ppm !gnuconvf -s 200 -i 3dsurf.table -o 3dsurf_l.ppm -l !display ./3dsurf_l.ppm set hidden3d; set ticslevel 0 set parametric; set samples 30; set isosamples 30,30 set ticslevel 0; set size 0.7,1 set urange[0:3.1*pi]; set vrange[-pi:pi] x(u,v)=u*(1+0.5*cos(v))*cos(u) y(u,v)=0.5*u*sin(v) z(u,v)=-u*(1+0.5*cos(v))*sin(u) splot x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v) set term table; set out “3dsurf.table“ replot !gnuconvf -s 200 -i 3dsurf.table -o 3dsurf7.ppm -c0.7,0.6,0.2 !ppmchange black cadetblue 3dsurf7.ppm shell.ppm !convert shell.ppm shell.jpg set parametric; set hidden3d set vrange[0:2*pi] set isosamples 31,31;set ticslevel 0 a=1.0; b=4.0; u0=atan(a/b) set urange[0:u0*3] r(u)= u y) ? x : y set term post port color 15 set output “penalty-plot2.eps“ set style line 1 linetype 1 linewidth 8 set style line 2 linetype 2 linewidth 8 set style line 3 linetype 3 linewidth 8 set style line 4 linetype 4 linewidth 8 set style line 5 linetype 5 linewidth 8 set style line 6 linetype 6 linewidth 8 set style line 7 linetype 7 linewidth 8 set yrange[0:100] plot [x=0.1:10] 100./x+200*(max(0.0,x-5))**2 w l ls 1,\ 100./x+20*(max(0.0,x-5))**2 w l ls 2,\ 100./x+2*(max(0.0,x-5))**2 w l ls 3,\ 100./x+0.2*(max(0.0,x-5))**2 w l ls 4,\ 100./x+0.0*(max(0.0,x-5))**2 w l ls 5 # 改变“符号”的大小 set xrange[0:2*pi] set pointsize 2 plot sin(x) with points 1 6 # 改变图形的“边框(border)”的类型 set border 3 set xtics nomirror set ytics nomirror # 绘制正态分布或高斯分布用于PDFLatex制作的幻灯片 set term wxt enhanced #此处的“enhanced“用于插入希腊字符 set style line 1 linetype 1 linewidth 8 set style line 2 linetype 2 linewidth 8 pl exp(-(x-0.0)**2/2./2./2.)/2./sqrt(2.*pi) w l ls 1 t “{/Symbol s}=2“,\ exp(-(x-0.0)**2/2./3./3.)/3./sqrt(2.*pi) w l ls 2 t “{/Symbol s}=3“ set term post port solid color enhanced 20 set out “normal.eps“ replot # 使用上标或下标 gnuplot set terminal postscript eps enhanced gnuplot set key spacing 1.3 gnuplot set xrange [ 0 : pi ] gnuplot set yrange [ 0 : 1.5 ] gnuplot plot sin(x)**2 ti “sin^2(x)“, \ sin(x)**3 ti “sin^3(x)“,\ sqrt(sin(x)) ti “sin^{1/2}(x)“ 希腊字符对照表. ALPHABET SYMBOL ALPHABET SYMBOL alphabet symbol alphabet symbol A Alpha N Nu a alpha n nu B Beta O Omicron b beta o omicron C Chi P Pi c chi p pi D Delta Q Theta d delta q theta E Epsilon R Rho e epsilon r rho F Phi S Sigma f phi s sigma G Gamma T Tau g gamma t tau H Eta U Upsilon h eta u upsilon I iota W Omega i iota w omega K Kappa X Xi k kappa x xi L Lambda Y Psi l lambda y psi M Mu Z Zeta m mu z zeta You can also specify various postscript characters by octal codes, for example, {/243} is a pound (L) mark, {/247} is a section mark. See ps_guide.ps which comes with gnuplot source distribution in detail. The next example is to draw the linear function y=Alpha x+ Gamma and two Greek letters with those values in the figure. gnuplot set terminal postscript eps enhanced gnuplot set xrange [ 0 : 5 ] gnuplot set label “{/Symbol a}=0.5, {/Symbol g}=0.2“ at 2,0 gnuplot plot 0.5*x-0.2 ti “。