Unit 9 How I Found My Voice.ppt
131页
How I Found My Voice2021/6/161 Contentsn nPrereading questionsPrereading questionsn nBackground informationBackground informationn nText comprehensionText comprehensionn nStructure analysis Structure analysis n nLanguage points of Text ILanguage points of Text In nGrammatical itemsGrammatical itemsn nExercisesExercisesn nComprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text IIn nOral activitiesOral activitiesn nWriting practiceWriting practice2021/6/162 Text I How I Found My Voicen nPrereading questionsn n1.Have you ever spoken to a large audience? How did you feel?n n2. What factors hold you back from speaking in the presence of a crowd?n n3. Do you think voice is important to personal development?2021/6/163 n nJames Earl Jones, is an is an AmericanAmerican actoractor of of stagestage and and screenscreen, well known for his deep , well known for his deep bassobasso voice. voice. n nBorn: January 17, 1931 ) (age 78)Arkabutla, Miss ippi, U.S.n nOccupation: Actorn nYears active:1950s–presentn nSpouse(s): Julienne MarieCecilia Hart (1982–present）2021/6/164 Text I How I Found My Voicen nAbout the author:About the author:n nJames Earl Jones was born in 1931 in Arkabutla, Mississippi, James Earl Jones was born in 1931 in Arkabutla, Mississippi, USA. At an early age he started to take dramatic lessons to calm USA. At an early age he started to take dramatic lessons to calm himself down. himself down. n nIt appeared to work as he has since starred in many films over a It appeared to work as he has since starred in many films over a 40year period, beginning with the 40year period, beginning with the Stanley KubrickStanley Kubrick classic classic Dr. Dr. Strange love or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Strange love or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the BombBomb (1964). (1964). n nProbably best known for his role as Darth Vader (for the voice Probably best known for his role as Darth Vader (for the voice only, as the man in the Darth Vader suit was only, as the man in the Darth Vader suit was David ProwseDavid Prowse, , whose voice was dubbed because of his British West Country whose voice was dubbed because of his British West Country accent). accent). n nHas appeared on Has appeared on "The Simpsons""The Simpsons" (1989) a couple of times and (1989) a couple of times and played Mufasa in played Mufasa in The Lion KingThe Lion King (1994). (1994). n nJames Earl Jones returned as the voice of Darth Vader in James Earl Jones returned as the voice of Darth Vader in Star Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the SithWars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith (2005). (2005).2021/6/165 Text I How I Found My VoiceAwardsAwards: Nominated for Oscar. Another 14 wins & 16 : Nominated for Oscar. Another 14 wins & 16 nominations nominations Nominated Nominated Oscar Best Actor in a Leading RoleOscar Best Actor in a Leading Role for:for: The Great White HopeThe Great White Hope (1970) (1970) Won Won Emmy Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Emmy Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama SeriesSeries for:for: "Gabriel's Fire""Gabriel's Fire" (1990) (1990) Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a SpecialMiniseries or a Special f for:or: Heat WaveHeat Wave (1990) (TV) (1990) (TV) 2001 2001 Lifetime Achievement Award Lifetime Achievement Award 2021/6/166 Text ComprehensionJudge, according to the text, whether the following Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.statements are true or false.1. 1.The narrator’s great achievements were more than he The narrator’s great achievements were more than he himself had expected because he used to be a bad himself had expected because he used to be a bad stutterer.stutterer.2. 2.The narrator thought his traumatic moving to his The narrator thought his traumatic moving to his grandparents’ farm possibly gave rise to his stuttering.grandparents’ farm possibly gave rise to his stuttering.3. 3.Stutterer as he was, the narrator had learnt the animal Stutterer as he was, the narrator had learnt the animal language to communicate with the farm animals.language to communicate with the farm animals.4. 4.When the narrator handed in a poem he had written, When the narrator handed in a poem he had written, the professor did not believe it was his work.the professor did not believe it was his work.5. 5.Although the narrator realized the professor’s trick, he Although the narrator realized the professor’s trick, he willingly jumped into the pit.willingly jumped into the pit.6. 6.Prof. Crouch not only helped the narrator find back Prof. Crouch not only helped the narrator find back his voice but molded his life as well.his voice but molded his life as well.2021/6/167 Background Information ( 1 ) n nStar Wars Star Wars is a science fantasy saga and fictional is a science fantasy saga and fictional universe created by writer/producer director universe created by writer/producer director George George LucasLucas during the 1970s. The saga began with the film during the 1970s. The saga began with the film Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars Episode IV: A New Star Wars (later retitled Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope), which was released on May 25, 1977 by the Hope), which was released on May 25, 1977 by the 20th Century Fox. 20th Century Fox. n nSix feature films comprise the Star Wars film series. Six feature films comprise the Star Wars film series. These films are generally split into two trilogies: These films are generally split into two trilogies: The The “original trilogy” of Episodes IVVI“original trilogy” of Episodes IVVI (released (released between 1977 and 1983) and between 1977 and 1983) and the “trilogy” of the “trilogy” of Episodes I IIIEpisodes I III (released between 1999 and 2005). (released between 1999 and 2005). 2021/6/168 n nThe films, which are generally The films, which are generally centered around the Skywalker centered around the Skywalker family, deals with a series of family, deals with a series of personal and intragalactic (personal and intragalactic (银银河系内的河系内的) wars that have a ) wars that have a major impact on the fate of the major impact on the fate of the Star Wars galaxy (Star Wars galaxy (星系星系, ,银河银河). ). n nGeorge Lucas embraces a style George Lucas embraces a style of epic storytelling that he of epic storytelling that he refers to as “motifs”, common refers to as “motifs”, common themes and concepts which he themes and concepts which he adjusts slightly each time they adjusts slightly each time they recur. recur. Background Information ( 2 )2021/6/169 n nDarth VaderDarth Vader is the central is the central antagonistantagonist in in George George LucasLucas‘s first three ‘s first three Star WarsStar Wars films and films and Revenge of the Revenge of the SithSith, voiced by , voiced by James Earl JonesJames Earl Jones and portrayed and portrayed physically by physically by David ProwseDavid Prowse in the in the original original Star WarsStar Wars trilogytrilogy and by and by CanadianCanadian actor actor Hayden ChristensenHayden Christensen in in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the SithStar Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. Vader is one . Vader is one of the most of the most iconiciconic villains of all time, and was listed as villains of all time, and was listed as the third greatest movie villain of all timethe third greatest movie villain of all time。
2021/6/1610 Background Information ( 4 )2021/6/1611 William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare ( (baptisedbaptised 26 April 1564 – 23 April 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an 1616) was an EnglishEnglish poetpoet and and playwrightplaywright, widely regarded , widely regarded as the greatest writer in the as the greatest writer in the English languageEnglish language and the world's and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national national poetpoet and the " and the "BardBard of of AvonAvon" (or simply "The Bard"). His " (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 surviving works consist of 38 playsplays. .154 154 sonnetssonnets(a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed (a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme) rhyme scheme) , two long , two long narrative poemsnarrative poems, and several other , and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.other playwright.2021/6/1612 Masterpiecesn nShakespearean comedyShakespearean comedyn nAs You Like ItAs You Like It n nThe Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of Venice n nA Midsummer Night's A Midsummer Night's DreamDream n nMuch Ado About Much Ado About NothingNothing n nTwelfth NightTwelfth Nightn nThe Two Gentlemen of The Two Gentlemen of VeronaVerona n nThe Winter's TaleThe Winter's Tale n nShakespearean tragedyShakespearean tragedyn nRomeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet n nCoriolanusCoriolanus n nTimon of AthensTimon of Athens n nJulius CaesarJulius Caesar n nMacbethMacbeth n nHamletHamlet n nKing LearKing Lear n nOthelloOthello 2021/6/1613 Shakespearean historyn nKing JohnKing John n nRichard IIRichard II n nHenry IV, part 1Henry IV, part 1 n nHenry IV, part 2Henry IV, part 2 n nHenry VHenry V n nHenry VI, part 1Henry VI, part 1 n nHenry VI, part 2Henry VI, part 2 n nHenry VI, part 3Henry VI, part 3 n nRichard IIIRichard III n nHenry VIIIHenry VIII 2021/6/1614 Background Information (5)Timon of Athens (雅典的泰门The Life of Timon of Athens ) is a play by William Shakespeare about the legendary Athenian misanthrope（愤世嫉俗者） Timon (and probably influenced by the philosopher of the same name, as well), generally regarded as one of his most obscure and difficult works. Originally grouped with the tragedies, it was written by William Shakespeare around 1607 or 1608. The play is oddly constructed, with several gaps , and for this reason, it is often described as unfinished, multi-authored, and/or experimental. 2021/6/1615 n nGeoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400) n nan English author, poet, an English author, poet, philosopherphilosopher, , bureaucratbureaucrat, , courtiercourtier and and diplomatdiplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best . Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished remembered for his unfinished frame narrativeframe narrative The Canterbury The Canterbury TalesTales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, . Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacularvernacular English English languagelanguage, rather than French or , rather than French or LatinLatin. .2021/6/1616 Robert Lee Frost (1874 –1963)(1874 –1963)n n an American an American poetpoet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of . He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of ruralrural life and his command of American colloquial speech. life and his command of American colloquial speech. n nHis work frequently employed themes from the early 1900s His work frequently employed themes from the early 1900s rural liferural life in in New EnglandNew England, using the setting to examine complex social and , using the setting to examine complex social and philosophical themes. philosophical themes. n nA popular and oftenquoted poet, Frost was honored frequently during A popular and oftenquoted poet, Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime, receiving his lifetime, receiving fourfour Pulitzer Prizes for PoetryPulitzer Prizes for Poetry. .n n1924 for 1924 for New Hampshire: A Poem New Hampshire: A Poem n nWith Notes and Grace NotesWith Notes and Grace Notes n n1931 for 1931 for Collected PoemsCollected Poems n n1937 for 1937 for A Further RangeA Further Range n n1943 for 1943 for A Witness TreeA Witness Tree 2021/6/1617 Structure analysis ( 1 )n nThis autobiographical narration can be divided into This autobiographical narration can be divided into the following three parts. the following three parts. n nPart I , i. e. Paragraphs 12, in which the writer Part I , i. e. Paragraphs 12, in which the writer presents a striking contrast between his successful presents a striking contrast between his successful career as an actor and television announcer and his career as an actor and television announcer and his severe stuttering problem in his early childhood. severe stuttering problem in his early childhood. n nPart II , i. e. Paragraphs 322, in which the author Part II , i. e. Paragraphs 322, in which the author recollects how his high school teacher, Prof. Crouch, recollects how his high school teacher, Prof. Crouch, helped him to overcome his stutter and find his voice. helped him to overcome his stutter and find his voice. 2021/6/1618 n nPart Ⅲ, i. e. Paragraphs 2329, in which the author tells the reader what achievements he made after he overcame his stuttering problem and how grateful he is to his teacher, “the father of my resurrected voice” . Structure analysis ( 2 )2021/6/1619 Comprehensive questions ( 1 )n nParagraph 12n nIn this part, the writer describes how successful his career is at present and what an important role his voice plays in his career. It forms a sharp contrast with the fact that he suffered from a stuttering problem as a child. 2021/6/1620 n nDid you expect a person as described in Paragraph 1 could have suffered from stuttering? n nIt is really out of anyone’s expectation that a person with the experience of stuttering may have such a great achievement, especially in a career dependent primarily upon voice and fluency. Comprehensive questions ( 2 )2021/6/1621 n nParagraph 322n nThis part mainly describes the writer’s stuttering problem when he was a child and the process of how Prof. Crouch helped the boy tackle the problem by way of the forced public speaking. As a result, his effort woke up the boy’s courage to overcome his humiliation, and the boy’s stutter disappeared. Comprehensive questions ( 3 )2021/6/1622 n n1) What are supposed to be the causes of his stuttering? n nThe first cause is that he moved “from the warm, easy ways of catfish country to the harsh climate of the north, where people seemed so different”. The second is that he felt great pressure from his grandfather who had an inherited love for language and was always accurate and fluent in speaking. Comprehensive questions ( 4 )2021/6/1623 n n2) Why could he talk to all kinds of animals on the farm, but not in front of people?n nShame and humiliation held him back from public speaking. The more he worried about being laughed at because of his stuttering, the more he retreated from other people. And it got worse as he grew older. Comprehensive questions ( 5 )2021/6/1624 3) What attracted Prof. Crouch to the writer’s school? 3) What attracted Prof. Crouch to the writer’s school? It was his deep love for poems that attracted Prof. It was his deep love for poems that attracted Prof. Crouch to the writer’s school. Crouch to the writer’s school. 4) How did Prof. Crouch help the author to find his voice?4) How did Prof. Crouch help the author to find his voice? He ‘tricked’ the boy by questioning whether the poem He ‘tricked’ the boy by questioning whether the poem was really written by himself. The teacher’s disbelief was really written by himself. The teacher’s disbelief made the boy very angry, and to prove he really did it, made the boy very angry, and to prove he really did it, he recited the whole poem to the class without any he recited the whole poem to the class without any stuttering, which gave him a big surprise and a lot of stuttering, which gave him a big surprise and a lot of selfconfidence at the same time selfconfidence at the same time Comprehensive questions ( 6 )2021/6/1625 Comprehensive questions ( 7)n nParagraph 2329n nThe concluding part shows various honors and successes the writer has obtained, which further emphasizes the great effect the teacher has brought about on the writer’s career as well as his whole life. He would never forget that it was Prof. Crouch who had made him a successful actor and announcer out of a stuttering boy. 2021/6/1626 Comprehensive questions ( 8 )n n1) Why did the writer want to show his successes to his teacher? n nBecause he wanted to show his gratitude to his teacher. 2021/6/1627 Comprehensive questions ( 9 )n n2) What kind of comments did the writer make about his teacher? n nHe spoke highly of him, respecting him as a father who provided a new life for him by helping him find his voice and leading him to the world of literature.2021/6/1628 Text An n Today I am known for my voice as much as for my Today I am known for my voice as much as for my acting. It has been my good fortune to receive jobs such acting. It has been my good fortune to receive jobs such as the speaking role of Darth Vader in George Lucas’s as the speaking role of Darth Vader in George Lucas’s Star WarsStar Wars trilogy trilogy and the and the voiceover announcer voiceover announcer for for CNN cable television. I also narrated Aaron Copland’s CNN cable television. I also narrated Aaron Copland’s Lincoln PortraitLincoln Portrait on a compact disc I recorded with the on a compact disc I recorded with the Seattle Symphony. Perhaps my greatest honor came Seattle Symphony. Perhaps my greatest honor came when I was asked to read the New Testament on tape. when I was asked to read the New Testament on tape. 2021/6/1629 Para. 2n n But it took a long time to believe such good things could happen to me. When I was a youngster I stuttered so badly I was completely unable to speak in public. 2021/6/1630 Para. 3n n Since I was eight I’d had trouble speaking. It was so bad that whenever I stood up in class to read, the other kids snickered and laughed. I always sat down, my face burning with shame. 2021/6/1631 Para. 4n n I’m not sure what caused my stuttering. Perhaps it was an emotional problem. I was born in Arkabutla, Mississippi, and when I was about five, I moved to live with my grandparents on their farm near Dublin in northern Michigan. It was traumatic moving from the warm, easy ways of catfish country to the harsh climate of the north, where people seemed so different. 2021/6/1632 Para. 5n n Fortunately, my granddaddy was a gentleman, a Fortunately, my granddaddy was a gentleman, a farmer who taught me to love the land. He was short farmer who taught me to love the land. He was short and he had a and he had a prodigiousprodigious amount of energy. He even amount of energy. He even built a church to please grandmother, a fervent built a church to please grandmother, a fervent worshiper of the Lord. All sorts of people were invited worshiper of the Lord. All sorts of people were invited to our little church; white, black and American Indian to our little church; white, black and American Indian came together came together in a nondenominational fellowshipin a nondenominational fellowship. . Granddad’s Irish heritage Granddad’s Irish heritage came out in his love for came out in his love for language; during the week he used “everyday talk”, but language; during the week he used “everyday talk”, but on Sunday he spoke only the finest English. on Sunday he spoke only the finest English. 2021/6/1633 Para. 6n n As much as I admired his fluency, I couldn’t come close to it. I finally quit Sunday school and church, not wanting to be humiliated any more. All through my grade school years, the only way the teacher could assess my progress was for me to write down everything I had learned. 2021/6/1634 Para. 7n n Oh, I could talk, all right. Our farm animals knew that. I found it easy to call the pigs, tell the dogs to round up the cows, and vent my feelings to Fanny, the horse whose big brown eyes and lifted ears seemed to express interest in all I said. But when visitors came and I was asked to say hello, I could only stand, pound my feet, and grit my teeth. That awful feeling of my voice being trapped got worse as I grew older. 2021/6/1635 Para. 8n n Then when I was 14, Professor Donald Crouch came to our school. He was a retired college professor who had settled in nearby Brethren, a Mennonite community. When he heard that our agricultural high was teaching Chaucer, Shakespeare and other classics, he couldn’t stand not being a part of our school. So he left his retreat to teach us English, history and Latin. 2021/6/1636 Para. 9n n Donald Crouch was a tall, lean man with gray hair; English was his favorite subject, poetry was his deepest love. He’s been an associate of Robert Frost. He held a book of poems as if it were a diamond necklace, turning pages as if uncovering treasures. He memorized a poem every day, explaining that if he ever lost his eyesight he would still be able to savor all that beauty.2021/6/1637 Para. 10n n When he learned that I not only loved poetry but was writing it, we found a kinship. There was, however, one difficulty between us. Professor Crouch (we always called him that) could not stand the fact I refused to read my poems to the class. 2021/6/1638 Para. 11-12n n “Jim, poetry is meant to be read aloud, just like sermons,” he pressed. “You should be able to speak those beautiful words.”n n I shook my head and turned away. 2021/6/1639 Para. 13-15n n Then he tricked me. I Then he tricked me. I laboredlabored long and hard on a long and hard on a poem, and after handing it in I waited expectantly for poem, and after handing it in I waited expectantly for his critique. It didn’t come. Instead, one day as the his critique. It didn’t come. Instead, one day as the students assembled, he challenged me. “Jim, I don’t students assembled, he challenged me. “Jim, I don’t think you wrote this.”think you wrote this.”n n I I stared stared at at him him in in disbelief. disbelief. “Why,” “Why,” I I started, started, anger anger flooding meflooding me, “of course I did!”, “of course I did!”n n “Well, then,” he said, “you’ve got to prove it by “Well, then,” he said, “you’ve got to prove it by getting up and reciting it from memory.” getting up and reciting it from memory.” 2021/6/1640 Para. 16-18n n By then the other students had settled at their desks. By then the other students had settled at their desks. He looked at me meaningfully and nodded. With knees He looked at me meaningfully and nodded. With knees shaking, I walked up before my peers.shaking, I walked up before my peers.n n “Jim “Jim will will recite recite his his latest latest poem,” poem,” announced announced Professor Crouch.Professor Crouch.n n For a moment I stood breathless. I could see For a moment I stood breathless. I could see smirkssmirks and wry smiles on some faces. Then I began. And kept and wry smiles on some faces. Then I began. And kept going. I recited my poem all the way through without going. I recited my poem all the way through without hesitation or fault! hesitation or fault! I stood amazed and floated back to I stood amazed and floated back to my desk in a daze, amid wild applausemy desk in a daze, amid wild applause. . 2021/6/1641 Para. 19-20n n Afterward, Professor Crouch congratulated me. “Aha,” he said. “Now we have something here. Not only will you have to write more poetry and read it aloud to know how good it feels, but I’m sure that you will want to read other writers’ poetry before the class.”n n I was dubious about that, but said I’d try. 2021/6/1642 Para. 21n n Soon I began to discover something other stutterers know. Most have no problem singing because the lyrics’ rhythmic pattern flows by itself. I found the same cadences in poetry, and before long my fellow students actually looked forward to hearing me recite. I loved the rolling beat of The Song of Hiawatha, especially since I had Indian blood in my veins. 2021/6/1643 Para. 22n n I discovered I did have a voice, a strong one. Under Professor Crouch’s tutelage, I entered oratorical contests and debates. He never pushed anything at me again; he just wanted all his students to wake up. 2021/6/1644 Para. 23n n As my stuttering disappeared, I began dreaming of becoming an actor, like my father, who was then performing in New York City. No one in my family had ever gone to college. But encouraged by Professor Crouch, I took exams and won a scholarship to the University of Michigan. 2021/6/1645 Para. 24n n There I entered the drama department and after graduation fulfilled my ROTC responsibility by serving with the Army’s Cold Weather Training Command on mountain maneuvers in Colorado. n n 2021/6/1646 Para. 25n n Later, on the GI Bill, I signed up with the American Theater Wing in New York and supported myself between roles by sweeping floors of offBroadway states. In 1962 I earned an Obie for my role in an offBroadway production of Othello, and have been an actor ever since. 2021/6/1647 Para. 26 Meanwhile, I always kept in touch with my old professor, by letter and telephone. Every time we talked it was always “Hi, Jim. Read any good poetry lately?” He was losing his sight and I remembered his early explanation of why he had memorized poetry. In later years when I was doing Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens at the Yale Repertory Theater in New Haven, Connecticut I phoned him. “Can I fly you in from Michigan to see it?” 2021/6/1648 Para. 27-28 “Jim,” he sighed, “I’m blind now. I’d hate not to be able to see you acting. It would hurt too much.” “I understand, Professor,” I said, helped in part by the realization that though my mentor could no longer see, he was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he had stored. 2021/6/1649 Para. 29 About two years later I learned Donald Crouch had passed on. When I was asked to record the New Testament. I really did it for a tall, lean man with gray hair who had not only helped to guide me to the author of the Scriptures, but as the father of my resurrected voice, had also helped me find abundant life. 2021/6/1650 Language points of Text Ⅰ( 1 )n ntrilogy:a series of three books, plays, operas, etc. that have the same subject or the same character, but are each complete works in themselves n nTri:：“三”：triangle; trisect n nBi bilingual; bilateral; n nMono monorail; monogamy; monopolye.g. Ba Jin, a wellknown Chinese writer, is famous for his trilogy: Family, Spring and Autumn. 2021/6/1651 n nthe voiceover announcer: an announcer who makes a commentary or gives an explanation which is heard as part of a film or television program, but he himself is not actually seen Language points of Text Ⅰ( 2 )2021/6/1652 Language points of Text Ⅰ n nyoungsteryoungster n n1. 1. n a young person; child or youth n a young person; child or youth n n2. 2. n a young animal, esp a horse n a young animal, esp a horse n nstutterstutter v./n. to speak with difficulty because you cannot stop v./n. to speak with difficulty because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first consonant of some words. yourself from repeating the first consonant of some words. stammer: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of stammer: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of excitement, embarrassmentexcitement, embarrassment. . stutter: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of stutter: To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of inherent speech defectinherent speech defect. . n nWhenever he was angry he would begin to stammer slightly.Whenever he was angry he would begin to stammer slightly.n n Ben stammered out an apology. Ben stammered out an apology.n n'I'm D-d-david,' he stuttered. 'I'm D-d-david,' he stuttered. 2021/6/1653 n nSnicker
心理正帮助他面对痛苦n nThe phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.n n恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤Language points of Text Ⅰ( 6 )2021/6/1657 n nprodigious: extremely or surprising large or powerfulprodigious: extremely or surprising large or powerfule.g. e.g. The Great Wall is a prodigious feat in Chinese The Great Wall is a prodigious feat in Chinese architectural history.architectural history. His knowledge of music was prodigious. His knowledge of music was prodigious. He never forgets anything, his memory is prodigious. He never forgets anything, his memory is prodigious. A prodigious collection of modern art was on display. A prodigious collection of modern art was on display. achieve prodigious featsachieve prodigious feats :work wonders :work wonders n nin a nondenominational fellowship: in a close in a nondenominational fellowship: in a close relationship without caring about the different relationship without caring about the different religions religions n ndenominationdenomination : a religious group that has slightly different : a religious group that has slightly different beliefs from other groups within the same religion: beliefs from other groups within the same religion: n nThe service was attended by Christians of all denominations.The service was attended by Christians of all denominations.n n这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了。
这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了Language points of Text Ⅰ( 6 )2021/6/1658 n nGranddad’s Irish heritage came out in his love for language; during the week he used “everyday talk” , but on Sunday he spoke only the finest English. n nGranddad had a love for language, which might have been inherited from his Irish ancestors. In weekdays, he used plain English, but when in church on Sunday, he spoke perfectly standard English. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 7 )2021/6/1659 as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句1. 1. 形容词形容词 + as + + as + 主语主语 + + 系动词。
系动词 Tired as he is, he offers to help me. Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 2. 2. 过去分词过去分词 + as + + as + 主语主语 + + 系动词 Wellwritten as the book is, the author is not satisfied and Wellwritten as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it. prepared to revise it. 3. 3. 名词名词 + as + + as + 主语主语 + + 系动词 Student as he is, he does not study hard. Student as he is, he does not study hard. 4. 4. 副词副词 + as + + as + 主语主语 + + 谓语部分谓语部分 Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 5. 5. 动词原形动词原形 + as + + as + 主语主语 + + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词词may, might, will, wouldmay, might, will, would等）。
等） Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him. Try as you will, you won’t be able to persuade him. 2021/6/1660 n ncome close to: become almost the same as come close to: become almost the same as n nhumiliate: make sb. ashamed and upset, esp. by making humiliate: make sb. ashamed and upset, esp. by making them seem stupid or weakthem seem stupid or weake.g. e.g. After World War II, the Paris Peace Treaty humiliated all the After World War II, the Paris Peace Treaty humiliated all the Chinese.Chinese. Her boss humiliated her in front of her colleagues. Her boss humiliated her in front of her colleagues. humiliating, humiliated, humiliation humiliating, humiliated, humiliation In history, China has been forced to sign too many humiliating In history, China has been forced to sign too many humiliating treaties treaties make someonemake someone humiliatedhumiliated n nassess: consider or judge the quality or worth of assess: consider or judge the quality or worth of something something e.g. They say they can e.g. They say they can assess assess intelligence from these tests. intelligence from these tests. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 8 )2021/6/1661 n nround up: gather together animals or people, often when they do not want to be gathered together Language points of Text Ⅰ( 9 )2021/6/1662 vent: do sth. to express your feelings esp. anger, often in a vent: do sth. to express your feelings esp. anger, often in a way that is unfairway that is unfair vent sth. on sb.vent sth. on sb.e.g. e.g. He had a bad day in the company and vented his He had a bad day in the company and vented his anger on his family. anger on his family. She had few friends, for she usually vented her rage on She had few friends, for she usually vented her rage on her associates.her associates. give vent togive vent to: : 发泄发泄e.g. e.g. He gave vent to his anger in a furious letter to the He gave vent to his anger in a furious letter to the newspaper.newspaper. He gave vent to his wrath with a string of curses. He gave vent to his wrath with a string of curses. find vent in:find vent in: 从从……得到发泄得到发泄e.g. e.g. Her grief found vent in tears.Her grief found vent in tears.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 9 )2021/6/1663 pound1. 1. 磅磅 These cost ten pence a pound. These cost ten pence a pound.这些东西这些东西1010便士一磅。
便士一磅2. 2.英镑英镑 I advanced 100 pounds more on these books. I advanced 100 pounds more on these books.这些书我又多预付了这些书我又多预付了100100英镑3. 3.镑（英国以外某些国家的货币单位）镑（英国以外某些国家的货币单位）4. 4. 英镑与外币的比值英镑与外币的比值5. 5. 违章停车车辆扣留场违章停车车辆扣留场6. 6.迷失狗的收留所迷失狗的收留所7. 7.敲打；捣碎；袭击敲打；捣碎；袭击8. 8.沉重的敲击；重击沉重的敲击；重击9. 9.重击声；敲打的声音重击声；敲打的声音2021/6/1664 gritn. 1. very small pieces of stone or sand:n. 1. very small pieces of stone or sand:细石子细石子, , 砂粒等砂粒等 I’ve got some/a piece of grit in my shoe. I’ve got some/a piece of grit in my shoe. 我的鞋里进了些〔一粒〕我的鞋里进了些〔一粒〕 沙子。
沙子2. 2. informalinformal determination and courage [= guts] determination and courage [= guts]勇气和毅力勇气和毅力 Mountaineering in a blizzard needs a lot of grit. Mountaineering in a blizzard needs a lot of grit. 在暴风雪中登山需要极大的勇气和毅力在暴风雪中登山需要极大的勇气和毅力v. v. 及物动词及物动词 vt. vt. 1. 1. 以沙砾覆盖以沙砾覆盖( (某物某物); );撒沙砾于撒沙砾于2 2. Grit one’s teeth. Grit one’s teeth: to bite your teeth together, especially when you are in pain, angry, or : to bite your teeth together, especially when you are in pain, angry, or under pressure: under pressure: 咬紧牙关咬紧牙关n nThe young policeman gritted his teeth and walked slowly towards the armed The young policeman gritted his teeth and walked slowly towards the armed criminal.criminal.n n年轻警官强忍住怒火年轻警官强忍住怒火, ,朝武装歹徒慢慢走过去。
朝武装歹徒慢慢走过去n nWhen I was a boy, I was forced to have a cold shower every morning. I hated it but When I was a boy, I was forced to have a cold shower every morning. I hated it but I just had to grit my teeth and do it.I just had to grit my teeth and do it.n n小时候，我被迫每天早上洗冷水澡，我很不情愿但仍然咬紧牙关坚持了下来小时候，我被迫每天早上洗冷水澡，我很不情愿但仍然咬紧牙关坚持了下来n n She shouted at me but I just gritted my teeth and said nothing. She shouted at me but I just gritted my teeth and said nothing.n n 她对我大叫大嚷，而我只是咬紧牙关忍着什么也没说她对我大叫大嚷，而我只是咬紧牙关忍着什么也没说。
2021/6/1665 n nThat awful feeling of my voice being trapped got worse as I grew older. n n As I grew older, I became more selfconscious of my stuttering. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1666 n nMennonite : a member of a Protestant sect in the Netherlands, Germany and North America. The Mennonites, who developed out of the Anabaptist movement再洗礼论者 , refuse military service, public office and oathtaking, and pursue holiness by discipline (after Menno Simons (14961561), Du. religious reformer).门诺派教徒(16世纪起源于荷兰的基督教新派,反对婴儿洗礼,服兵役等,主张生活俭朴) Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1667 n nAnabaptistAnabaptist（再洗（浸）礼运动）（再洗（浸）礼运动）: a member of a sect : a member of a sect which arose in Germany in 1521 with the object of which arose in Germany in 1521 with the object of withholding baptism until it could be accompanied by a withholding baptism until it could be accompanied by a confession of faith, opposing Church establishment, and confession of faith, opposing Church establishment, and teaching that Christians should renounce private teaching that Christians should renounce private possession. Anabaptism became a highly spiritualized possession. Anabaptism became a highly spiritualized religion of “inner light”, and also a focus for general religion of “inner light”, and also a focus for general peasant discontent. Anabaptists were persecuted by peasant discontent. Anabaptists were persecuted by Catholics and Protestants alike. They established a Catholics and Protestants alike. They established a theocracy (15345) at Munster under John of Leyden, but theocracy (15345) at Munster under John of Leyden, but the movement was stamped out when Munster was the movement was stamped out when Munster was recaptured. Offshoots of it persisted in various countries recaptured. Offshoots of it persisted in various countries (Mennonites, Baptists).(Mennonites, Baptists).Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1668 n nGeoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340 in London. He was the son of a was born in 1340 in London. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connection with the Court. wine merchant who had connection with the Court. He began his life as a page in a nobleman’s He began his life as a page in a nobleman’s household. Then he went to France at 19 on one of household. Then he went to France at 19 on one of the campaigns of the Hundred Years’ War. Several the campaigns of the Hundred Years’ War. Several times he was sent to the Continent on diplomatic times he was sent to the Continent on diplomatic missions, two of which took him to Italy. He was missions, two of which took him to Italy. He was appointed controller of customs at London. He was appointed controller of customs at London. He was M.P. for Kent in 1386. He died in 1400, and was M.P. for Kent in 1386. He died in 1400, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding theburied in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”.“Poets’ Corner”.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1669 n nThe Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.one of the monumental works in English literature.n nOutline of the story:Outline of the story: The whole poem is a collection of tales and stories strung The whole poem is a collection of tales and stories strung together according to a simple plan. One spring day, the poet together according to a simple plan. One spring day, the poet is in the Tabard Inn in Southwark at the south end of London is in the Tabard Inn in Southwark at the south end of London Bridge. Here he meets at night 29 other pilgrims ready for a Bridge. Here he meets at night 29 other pilgrims ready for a journey of 60 miles on horseback to Canterbury. Chaucer journey of 60 miles on horseback to Canterbury. Chaucer joins the company. At the suggestion of the host of the inn, joins the company. At the suggestion of the host of the inn, they agree to beguile the journey by storytelling. Each is to they agree to beguile the journey by storytelling. Each is to tell two stories while going and two returning. The best tell two stories while going and two returning. The best storytellers shall be treated with a fine supper at general storytellers shall be treated with a fine supper at general expense at the end. The host is to be the judge of the contest. expense at the end. The host is to be the judge of the contest. This gigantic plan means that there should be an immense This gigantic plan means that there should be an immense collection of 128 stories. Actually only 24 were written. collection of 128 stories. Actually only 24 were written. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1670 n nIncomplete as they are, these tales cover practically Incomplete as they are, these tales cover practically all the major types of medieval literature: romances all the major types of medieval literature: romances of knights and ladies; folk tales, merry and moral; of knights and ladies; folk tales, merry and moral; animal stories; stories of travels and adventures, and animal stories; stories of travels and adventures, and others. All but two of these tales are in verse.others. All but two of these tales are in verse.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1671 n nretreat n n a quiet or private place that one goes to in order to rest or concentrate on a particular problem or task Language points of Text Ⅰ( 10 )2021/6/1672 n nRobert Frost (18741963), one of America’s leading 20th century poets and fourtime winner of the Pulitzer Prize. An essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, he wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 11 )2021/6/1673 n nsavor: enjoy and appreciate something like food, or drink, or an experience, as much as one can e.g. I savored every mouthful of breakfast. He savored the word as he said it. She was savoring the wedding ceremony, her eyes closed.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 11 )2021/6/1674 n n a family relationship: the ties of kinshipn na strong connection between people [↪ rapport]n n kinship between n nThe sense of kinship between the two men is surprising.n n He felt a kinship with the only other American on the base.2021/6/1675 n nlabor: work with difficulty, for example because labor: work with difficulty, for example because one is not strong enough or clever enough one is not strong enough or clever enough e.g. He was e.g. He was laboring laboring under the strain of a worsening under the strain of a worsening political crisis. political crisis. His classmates were His classmates were laboring laboring with elementary with elementary algebra. algebra. The editor laboured over the manuscript till early The editor laboured over the manuscript till early morning.morning.to labor a point to labor a point Language points of Text Ⅰ( 12 )2021/6/1676 n nI started, anger flooding me ... n n I started, overwhelmed with anger ... Language points of Text Ⅰ( 13 )2021/6/1677 n nsmirksmirk n nto smile in an unpleasant way that shows that you are to smile in an unpleasant way that shows that you are pleased by someone else's bad luck or think you are pleased by someone else's bad luck or think you are better than other people: better than other people: n n The boys tried not to smirk. The boys tried not to smirk.n nsmirk atsmirk at n n What are you smirking at? What are you smirking at?n nsneersneer [intransitive and transitive] [intransitive and transitive]n nto smile or speak in a very unkind way that shows you to smile or speak in a very unkind way that shows you have no respect for someone or somethinghave no respect for someone or something: : n n 'Is that your best outfit?' he sneered. 'Is that your best outfit?' he sneered.n nsneer atsneer at n n She sneered at Tom's musical tastes. She sneered at Tom's musical tastes.2021/6/1678 n ngringrin [intransitive] [intransitive] past tense and past participle past tense and past participle grinnedgrinned, present participle , present participle grinninggrinningn n to smile widely to smile widely n ngrin atgrin at n n She grinned at me, her eyes sparkling. She grinned at me, her eyes sparkling.n ngrin broadly/widelygrin broadly/widely n n He walked out of the pool, grinning widely. He walked out of the pool, grinning widely.n ngrin likegrin like n n He was grinning like an idiot He was grinning like an idiot (=grinning in a silly (=grinning in a silly way)way). .n ngrin from ear to eargrin from ear to ear (=grin very widely) (=grin very widely)2021/6/1679 n nI stood amazed and floated back to my desk in a daze, amid wild applause. n nI stood there, amazed at my performance, then not knowing how, I drifted back to my seat, and my classmates gave me a big applause. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 14 )2021/6/1680 n nMost have no problem singing because the lyrics’ rhythmic pattern flows by itself. n nMost stutterers can sing without stuttering because they can sing along with the rhythm pattern which just flows by itself. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 15 )2021/6/1681 tutelagen n1. when you are taught or looked after by someone n nunder somebody's tutelage n nYou can attend embroidery classes under the tutelage of Jocelyn James.n n2 responsibility for someone's education, actions, or property: n n parental tutelage2021/6/1682 manoeuvre n na skilful or careful movement that you makea skilful or careful movement that you make谨慎而熟练的动谨慎而熟练的动作作 n nA careful driver will often stop talking before carrying out a A careful driver will often stop talking before carrying out a complex plex manoeuvre. n nManoeuvres: Manoeuvres: [plural] military activities, such as pretending [plural] military activities, such as pretending to fight a battle, which are done as practice or training to fight a battle, which are done as practice or training [= exercises]:[= exercises]:调动调动; ; 演习演习 n nLarge-scaleLarge-scale military manoeuvres military manoeuvres are being carried out near are being carried out near the border. the border. n nThe grand manoeuvres will be held tomorrow.The grand manoeuvres will be held tomorrow.n nVt. Vi. Vt. Vi. n nShe manoeuvred her car into a difficult parking space.She manoeuvred her car into a difficult parking space.n n她把车子开进了一个不方便停车的地方。
她把车子开进了一个不方便停车的地方2021/6/1683 n nHe never pushed anything at me again; he just wanted all his students to wake up. n nFrom then on, he never gave me pressure, and what he tried to do was to help his students realize and tap their potential. n npushed anything at me：forced me to do anythingLanguage points of Text Ⅰ( 16 )2021/6/1684 n nGI BillGI Bill（退伍军人法案）（退伍军人法案）: On June 22, 1944, : On June 22, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the “Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944”, better “Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944”, better known as the “GI Bill of Rights”. The Bill provided known as the “GI Bill of Rights”. The Bill provided many benefits to veterans of World War II. It many benefits to veterans of World War II. It established veterans’ hospitals, provided for established veterans’ hospitals, provided for vocational rehabilitation, made lowinterest vocational rehabilitation, made lowinterest mortgages available, and granted stipends covering mortgages available, and granted stipends covering tuition and living expenses for veterans attending tuition and living expenses for veterans attending college and trade school.college and trade school.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 17 )2021/6/1685 n nThe OBIE Award（奥比（奥比奖）奖） n nShort for "OffBroadway Theater Award," are annual awards bestowed by the newspaper The Village Voice on OffBroadway theater artists performing in New York City. 2021/6/1686 n nDue to the prominence of New York in US theaters, the Due to the prominence of New York in US theaters, the OBIE’s have become the most prestigious theater OBIE’s have become the most prestigious theater awards in the United States next to the Tony Awards; awards in the United States next to the Tony Awards; the Tonys are given to Broadway productions while the the Tonys are given to Broadway productions while the OBIE’s cover Offand OffOffBroadway productions. OBIE’s cover Offand OffOffBroadway productions. The Village Voice The Village Voice began the awards in 1956 under the began the awards in 1956 under the direction of theater critic Jerry Tallmer. Originally, only direction of theater critic Jerry Tallmer. Originally, only OffBroadway productions were eligible for Obies. OffBroadway productions were eligible for Obies. Award categories include Performance, Direction, Best Award categories include Performance, Direction, Best Production, Design, Special Citations, Sustained Production, Design, Special Citations, Sustained Achievement, and Lifetime Achievement. Not every Achievement, and Lifetime Achievement. Not every category is awarded every year.category is awarded every year.2021/6/1687 n n“Can I fly you in from Michigan to see it?”n n“Can I offer you a flight to Michigan to see my acting?” Language points of Text Ⅰ( 17 )2021/6/1688 n n... he was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he had stored.n nhe had stored many poems by memorizing them so he could enjoy his life with the rhythms of poetry even after he had lost his sight. Language points of Text Ⅰ( 18 )2021/6/1689 vibrantn nfull of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive [= lively];attractive [= lively];充满生气的充满生气的; ;精力充沛的精力充沛的; ;兴奋兴奋的的; (; (音乐、声音等）响亮的；洪亮的；强劲的音乐、声音等）响亮的；洪亮的；强劲的 n nvibrant with energyvibrant with energy精力充沛的精力充沛的n nvibrant rhythms/tunesvibrant rhythms/tunes强有力的节奏强有力的节奏/ /曲调曲调n nHong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.Hong Kong is a vibrant, fascinating city.n n She was sixteen, young and vibrant. She was sixteen, young and vibrant.n n2 2 a vibrant colour is bright and strong: a vibrant colour is bright and strong: n n a painting full of vibrant reds and blues a painting full of vibrant reds and bluesn n2. 2.2021/6/1690 n nresurrect: bring back to life; bring back to memory resurrect: bring back to life; bring back to memory or into useor into usee.g. Don’t resurrect that old tale.e.g. Don’t resurrect that old tale. to resurrect an old custom to resurrect an old custom resurrection n. resurrection n. the Resurrection: the rising of Christ from the death the Resurrection: the rising of Christ from the death At Easter, Christians celebrate the resurrection of At Easter, Christians celebrate the resurrection of Christ from the death.Christ from the death.Language points of Text Ⅰ( 19 )2021/6/1691 Grammatical items ( 1 )n n情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
它很接近中文里的能愿动词从用法上态度等它很接近中文里的能愿动词从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：来说，它有这样几个特点：1 1）各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义2 2）情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语3 3）情态动词在句中不受任何人称）情态动词在句中不受任何人称, ,性性, ,数变化的影数变化的影响4) 4) 情态动词后接的不定式（除情态动词后接的不定式（除oughought t外）都不带外）都不带t to o ，即接动词原形即接动词原形英文中的情态动词主要有：英文中的情态动词主要有：can , could ; may , can , could ; may , mighmight t ; mus ; must t ; ough ; ought t ; need ; dare , dared ; need ; dare , dared2021/6/1692 Grammar exercises ( 1 ) n nNote the use of the italicized parts in the following sentences. (P157)n nCan and could can express ability, permission and possibility. In sentence 1, could express possibility. In sentence 9, can expresses permission. In sentences 3, 4, 5, could expresses the general past ability, while in sentences 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, could is used in the negative sentence to refer to the past ability, general or specific. 2021/6/1693 n nmay permissionmay permissionn ncan possibilitycan possibilityn n ability abilityn nmay: may: 用于长辈与晚辈之间，上下级之间，不是很的熟用于长辈与晚辈之间，上下级之间，不是很的熟用于长辈与晚辈之间，上下级之间，不是很的熟用于长辈与晚辈之间，上下级之间，不是很的熟n ncould: could: 客气的客气的客气的客气的n ncan: can: 非常熟，同辈之间，很随便的非常熟，同辈之间，很随便的非常熟，同辈之间，很随便的非常熟，同辈之间，很随便的n n1. permission1. permissionn nasking for permission:asking for permission:n nCould I use your bike?Could I use your bike?n nOf course, you can.Of course, you can.（如用（如用（如用（如用couldcould回答回答回答回答, ,意为意为意为意为“ “你用吧你用吧你用吧你用吧” ”，有犹豫，有犹豫，有犹豫，有犹豫的不想借之意）的不想借之意）的不想借之意）的不想借之意）n n转达用转达用转达用转达用can,can,不能用不能用不能用不能用maymayn nIt’s not fair, Mary can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at It’s not fair, Mary can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at eight.eight.n n 2021/6/1694 n n2. possibility 2. possibility n ncan: can: 抽象的，范范的谈抽象的，范范的谈抽象的，范范的谈抽象的，范范的谈n nmay:may:现在的，即将的情况推测，判断现在的，即将的情况推测，判断现在的，即将的情况推测，判断现在的，即将的情况推测，判断n nAccording to the radio it may rain this evening.According to the radio it may rain this evening.n nGuangzhou can be very hot in summer.Guangzhou can be very hot in summer.n n3. ability3. ability（其中有现在，将来，过去的（其中有现在，将来，过去的（其中有现在，将来，过去的（其中有现在，将来，过去的abilityability））））n n1) present and future ability: can/be able to present and future1) present and future ability: can/be able to present and futuren na. present abilitya. present abilityn nCan you/Are you able to type?Can you/Are you able to type?（用（用Can youCan you意为意为“ “懂的懂的” ”，用，用Are Are you able toyou able to意为意为“ “不是很懂不是很懂” ”））n nb. future abilityb. future ability（纯粹能力）（纯粹能力）n nOur baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.（纯粹将来的能力）（纯粹将来的能力）n nc. present arrangement for future actionc. present arrangement for future action（现在对未来的安排）（现在对未来的安排）n nCan you come to a party on Saturday evening?Can you come to a party on Saturday evening?（常用）（常用）n nWill you be able to come?Will you be able to come?（费力点，不常用）（费力点，不常用）2021/6/1695 n n2) past ability: could OR was able to2) past ability: could OR was able ton na. When I was young I a. When I was young I climb any tree in the forest. climb any tree in the forest.n nHe read the message but he He read the message but he couldcould (not) understand it. (not) understand it.n n（一般性的能力用（一般性的能力用could could 和和be able tobe able to都可以）都可以）n nb. for particular occasion: b. for particular occasion: 过去具体某事用过去具体某事用was able towas able ton nAlthough the pilot was badly hurt he was able to explain Although the pilot was badly hurt he was able to explain what had happen.what had happen.n nI knew the town so I was able to advise him where to go.I knew the town so I was able to advise him where to go.n nThe car plunged into the river. The driver was able to get The car plunged into the river. The driver was able to get out but the passengers were drowned.out but the passengers were drowned.n n（表否定和感观动词无以上区别）（表否定和感观动词无以上区别）2021/6/1696 n n3) could+perfect infinitive:n na. abilityn nHe was able to send a message. ( He did it)n nHe could have sent a message.( He didn’t sent it 他本来可以，但没有做)n nb. deductionn nThe money was disappeared; who could have taken it?n nTom could have (taken it); he was alone here yesterday.n nHe can’t/couldn’t have taken it; he was away all day.2021/6/1697 n n Correct the errors, if any, in the following sentences n n1. am feeling can feeln n2. could was able to n n3. can will be able to n n4. / n n5. could was able to.n n6. / Grammar exercises ( 2 ) 2021/6/1698 n nRewrite the following sentences using could, if possible. n nCould we meet again tomorrow? n nShe could sing like an angle when she was a kid.n n John was so drunk that he couldn't open the door. Grammar exercises ( 3 ) 2021/6/1699 n nI don't type very well, but I could finish the reports without making too many mistakes. n n/ n nYou could talk with your teacher. n nNo one knows where he is. He could be in Paris. He could be in London.n n Could I use your phone? Grammar exercises ( 4 ) 2021/6/16100 n nRewrite the following short dialogue. Try to make the tone more tentative. n nA : Excuse me, would you open this door? n nB: I'm afraid it's locked. Shall I get the key? n nA: Please, if you wouldn't mind, as quickly as you can. Grammar exercises ( 5 ) 2021/6/16101 n nMake sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences. n nI couldn’t stand her nagging any longer. In its present state, the economy couldn’t stand another rise in interest rates. n nHe laid both his hands on his chest as if to demonstrate his sincerity. He stood as if rooted to the ground. Grammar exercises ( 6 ) 2021/6/16102 Exercises ( 1 ) n nVocabulary exercisesn nⅠ. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. n nIt was traumatic moving from the warm, easy ways of catfish country to the harsh climate of the north ... n nsevere2021/6/16103 n nI admired his fluency in English.n n smoothness in speakingn n He's been an associate of Robert Frost. n n a colleaguen nWhen he learned that I not only loved poetry but was writing it, we found a kinship. n nA close relationship based on common interestExercises ( 2 ) 2021/6/16104 n nHe never pushed anything at me again ... n n forced me to do anythingn n... he was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he had stored.n n animated withExercises ( 3 ) 2021/6/16105 n nFill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form. n nround up kinship grit press classic critique retreat be dubious about Exercises ( 4 ) 2021/6/16106 n n1. It is a ________from his original position on industrial relations. n n2. When he ascends a steep place, he_______ with an unusual difficulty of breathing. retreatretreatis pressedis pressedExercises ( 5 ) 2021/6/16107 n nThe duellist________ his teeth as he cocked the gun a second time. n nSam offered an extended ______to reporters of what he viewed as weaknesses against social crime. grittedcritiqueExercises ( 6 ) 2021/6/16108 n nThe education authorities are considering such a question: Ought the study of the _______ to form a part of the education of youth? n nPeter was among the peer group, the one with whom Paul felt most________ in spirit. classicskinshipExercises ( 7 ) 2021/6/16109 n nO’Neill_________________the benefit the tax cut would have on the economy. n nWe should be able to _________a few friends to help. is dubious aboutround upExercises ( 8 ) 2021/6/16110 n n Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence. n nThe Pawnee Rock was a famous landmark for pioneers traveling on the old Santa Fe Trail. n n placen nLouisiana forbids shrimping in its marshes and lakes in the summer to protect breeding grounds. n nperserveExercises ( 9) 2021/6/16111 n nThe population density per square mile in the United States is twentytwo people, while that in Canada is two people.n nWhereasn n With all her faults, she’s still the best teacher we’ve ever had. n nDespite Exercises ( 10 ) 2021/6/16112 n nProfessor Green knows the history of this area backwards and forwards. n n very welln nThis new stretch of road is a continuation of the old highway. n n extensionExercises ( 11 ) 2021/6/16113 n nTranslation exercisesn nTranslate each of the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket. Inflect the word or phrase where necessary.Exercises ( 12 ) 2021/6/16114 n n1人们正从周围农村涌进来。
flood)n nPeople were flooding in from the surrounding countryside. n n2.他的表现已经接近完美come cose to)n nHis performance has come close to perfection. Exercises ( 18 ) 2021/6/16115 n n3. Mary去伦敦时一路上神情恍惚in a daze)n nMary was in a daze all the way to London. n n4.在这个山区疗养所你会找到全国最好的气候retreat)n nIn this mountain retreat, you can find the best climate in the country. Exercises ( 14 ) 2021/6/16116 n n5.他倚到座位上，浑身放松，细细体味那份舒适savor)n nHe leaned back into his seat and relaxed, savoring the comfort. n n6.让这对年轻夫妇引以为荣的是他们的孩子3岁就能背诗了。
recite…from memory) n nWhat makes this young couple proud is that their child could recite poems from memory at the age of three. Exercises ( 15 ) 2021/6/16117 n n7.他当众重复了他私下说过的话in public)n nHe repeated in public what he had said in private. n n8.建立一个充满生机和爱意的家庭需要全家人的共同努力vibrant with)n nA family vibrant with life and love is to be built with the joint efforts of all its members. Exercises ( 21 ) 2021/6/16118 Translate the folowing passage into Chinese. 从8岁到11岁，我在英格兰巴思的一所教会小学上学那是一所很小的学校，由4 个班级组成，每个班大约25个孩子，按年龄分班。
一般都是由一个老师负责教一个班的 全部课程但是，校长罗纳德·布罗克斯先生偶尔也会到班里来，用大约一个小时的时间讲授他特别喜欢的课程 Exercises ( 22 ) 2021/6/16119 n n他对我很感兴趣，并且很快就知道我喜欢破解难题他经常 在我进教室的路上拦住我，从口袋里掏出一张纸条给我，上面通常写着数学或逻辑方面 的难题随着时间的推移，题目难度逐步增大，可我非常喜欢这些小纸条点燃了我对 数学和解题的热爱，这种热爱一直保持到今天当我找出答案时，我会觉得那种智力活 动很有价值，或许更重要的是，那是一种巨大的乐趣Exercises ( 23 ) 2021/6/16120 nText Ⅱ nThank you, Mr.Chips2021/6/16121 Comprehension questions of Text Ⅱ( 1 ) n nWhy was it considered marvelous that Mr. Kilby received the Nobel Prize in physics?n nFor what contribution did Mr. Kilby win the Nobel Prize in physics? n nDid he mind that he didn't accumulate much money out of his inventions? n nIs Mr. Kilby still remembered by the general public? 2021/6/16122 n nKeys:Keys:n n1. That's because he is not a physicist. What's more, 1. That's because he is not a physicist. What's more, he even failed in a math test in the MIT enntrance he even failed in a math test in the MIT enntrance examination when he was young and never had examination when he was young and never had much formal physics training in his lifetime. much formal physics training in his lifetime. n n2. He won the Nobel Prize in physics because he 2. He won the Nobel Prize in physics because he invented microchips and launched a technological invented microchips and launched a technological revolution, which benefited the people all over the revolution, which benefited the people all over the world. world. Comprehension questions of TextⅡ( 2 ) 2021/6/16123 Comprehension questions of TextⅡ( 4 ) 3. No, he didn’t. To him, the job of an engineer is to solve problems. When he solved one problem, he began to solve another without paying attention to his personal gains. 4. No. The last paragraph tells us that our mediasaturated society is always looking for new faces and genuine national heroes like Kilby have been overlooked. 2021/6/16124 Oral Activities ( 1 ) n nSelfconfidence is one of the qualities we need for our success in life. Discuss with your classmates what other qualities we should have as a university student. You are required to give three qualities at least and then elaborate on one of them. 2021/6/16125 Writing Practicen nSuppose a friend of yours, who has accidentally Suppose a friend of yours, who has accidentally broken his leg, is going to have an operation in a few broken his leg, is going to have an operation in a few days and now he is feeling nervous. Write a 250word days and now he is feeling nervous. Write a 250word letter to calm him down and give him some letter to calm him down and give him some encouragement. In the first part of your letter, express encouragement. In the first part of your letter, express your sympathy for him. In the second part, try to calm your sympathy for him. In the second part, try to calm him down and give him some encouragement by him down and give him some encouragement by saying something like the skillfulness of the surgeons saying something like the skillfulness of the surgeons and the good facilities of the hospital. In the last part, and the good facilities of the hospital. In the last part, promise to go and see him after the operation and ask promise to go and see him after the operation and ask him what you should bring for him. him what you should bring for him. 2021/6/16126 n nSamplesn nDear Li Ming, Yesterday John called me and said that you had a car accident on your way to work and were in hospital now to wait for an operation tomorrow. It is really terrible. My family and I arc very sorry to hear this. I heard that you had broken your legs and also had some wounds in the back. But don't worry. You know nowadays surgery has been developing and doctors are very skillful in such kind of operation. The hospital you are in is one of the best in the country. where many physicians enjoy fame in their practices. 2021/6/16127 n nThey are patient to patients and experienced in operation. The facilities arc quite good, which enable doctors to cure many complex diseases. In some way, your situation is not so bad. and after a minor operation and a period of recovery you may walk again. What is more. you arc young and your body can help selfrepair soon. So my dear Li Ming. don't worry and behave as a man. In a short period of time. you will be fine and join us again. 2021/6/16128 n n But I am sorry to tell you that I cannot go to see you immediately, for I hm.'e an important exam to take in three days. and I have to spend time preparing for that. But I promise you to go to visit as soon as I finish my exam I will bring your favorite lemons and pineapples to you. Wish you recover soon! Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei 2021/6/16129 Good bye!2021/6/16130 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！ 。
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