研究生学术英语读写教程Unit2.pptx

Unit2Geoscience研究生学术英语读写教程Outline1. Text AAre We Ready for the Next Volcanic Catastrophe?2. Academic Reading SkillsMaking Inferences3. Text BHot Mantle Rising4. Academic Writing SkillsSummarizing 21.TextAAreWeReadyfortheNextVolcanicCatastrophe?3Author:BillMcGuireBillMcGuireisanacademic,activist,broadcaster,bloggerandwriterofpopularscienceandspeculativefiction.Hisnon-fictionbooksincludeAGuidetotheEndoftheWorld:EverythingyouNeverWantedtoKnowandSurvivingArmageddon:SolutionsforaThreatenedPlanet.HiscurrentbooksareWakingtheGiant:HowaChangingClimateTriggersEarthquakes,TsunamisandVolcanoesranked5thinaGuardianlistofthebesteverecobooksandGlobalCatastrophes:aVeryShortIntroduction.Hisshortstorieshavebeenpublishedonlineandinanthologies.BillisaPatronofScientistsforGlobalResponsibilityandaCo-directoroftheNewWeatherInstitute.4BeforeYouRead1. Can you name some major natural disasters happened inhistory?2. What can you suggest to minimize the damage of naturaldisasters(forexampleflooding)?5TextA:Lead-inQuestionsqSentencecomprehensionqThemeandstructureqComprehensionquestionsTextA6SentenceTranslation1. According to the lieutenant governor, Thomas Stamford(laterSirStamford)BingleyRaffles, towhomvolcanologistsareindebtedforhisaccountsoftheeruption,thedetonationwassoloudthatitwasmistakenacrossJavaforcannonfire,causingconsternationamongtheBritishtroops,whichhadoustedtheDutchandFrenchforcesjustafewyearsearlier.(Para.2)因因记记录录了了火火山山喷喷发发事事件件而而令令火火山山学学家家们们感感激激不不已已的的副副州州长长托托马马斯斯斯斯坦坦福福德德彬彬格格莱莱莱莱佛佛士士（后后来来的的斯斯坦坦福福德德爵爵士士）表表示示，此此次次火火山山爆爆发发声声音音之之巨巨大大，以以至至被被误误认认为为是是爪爪哇哇岛岛爆爆发发战战争争时时发发射射的的加加农农大大炮炮声声，令令几几年年前前曾曾驱驱赶赶荷荷兰兰和和法法国军队的英国士兵们惊慌失措。

国军队的英国士兵们惊慌失措TextA:Sentencecomprehension7SentenceTranslation2.Afterfivedaysofrelativecalm,theclimacticphaseoftheeruptionbeganwithacolossalexplosionthatlaunchedatoweringcolumnofashto the edge of space. For four or five days, utter blackness reignedacrosstheislandasthehurricaneblastsofhotashandscaldinggasknown as pyroclastic flows scoured the flanks of the volcano ofeverythingandeveryone,anddriftsofashmetresthickentombedwhatfewsignsofliferemained.(Para.3)经经过过相相对对平平静静的的五五天天之之后后，一一声声巨巨响响宣宣告告火火山山爆爆发发的的高高潮潮，喷喷发发的的火火山山灰灰烬烬柱柱高高耸耸入入云云，直直逼逼天天际际。

在在接接下下来来的的四四五五天天里里，整整个个岛岛屿屿都都笼笼罩罩在在一一片片漆漆黑黑之之中中，炽炽热热的的火火山山灰灰和和滚滚烫烫的的气气体体即即火火山山碎碎屑屑流流，像像飓飓风风一一样样吞吞噬噬了了火火山山翼翼侧侧的的一一切切事事物物，几几米米厚厚的的火火山山灰灰掩掩盖之处死寂沉沉，几乎没有任何生命迹象盖之处死寂沉沉，几乎没有任何生命迹象8TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation3.Inadditiontotheash,anestimated200milliontonnesofmicroscopicsulphurparticlespumpedintothestratosphere,spreadoutwardsfromSumbawatoformagiantaerosolveilthatenclosedtheplanetandactedasablocktoincomingsunlight.(Para.4)除除了了火火山山灰灰，估估计计有有2亿亿吨吨微微小小的的硫硫磺磺颗颗粒粒注注入入平平流流层层，从从松松巴巴哇哇向向外外扩扩散散，形形成成一一个个巨巨大大的的气气溶溶胶胶幕幕，将将整整个个地球包裹起来，成为阻挡阳光照射的屏障。

地球包裹起来，成为阻挡阳光照射的屏障9TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation4.SuchwasthedegreeofbreakdownoffoodsupplythateconomichistorianJohnPosthascalledtheepisode“thelast,greatsubsistencecrisisinthewesternworld”.(Para.6)（因因火火山山爆爆发发而而引引起起的的）食食物物短短缺缺问问题题十十分分严严重重，经经济济历历史史学学家家约约翰翰波波斯斯特特称称这这一一时时期期是是“西西方方世世界界最最近近一次严重的生存危机一次严重的生存危机”10TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation5. The very interconnectedness of world markets may,however, make things worse the collapse of foodproduction across Europe, parts of North America andperhapselsewhere,couldresultinglobalshortageswhichinturn would drive a dramatic rise in the cost of foodcommodities.(Para.7)然然而而，世世界界市市场场间间的的这这一一密密切切联联系系可可能能会会令令事事态态恶恶化化欧欧洲洲、北北美美部部分分地地区区以以及及其其他他地地区区的的产产粮粮危危机机可可能能带带来全球粮食短缺，进而可能导致食品的成本大幅上涨。

来全球粮食短缺，进而可能导致食品的成本大幅上涨11TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation6.Atthesametime,theintenseworldwidecompetitionforfoodsupplies,scarceasaconsequenceoftheharvestfailures,coulddrastically reduce the range of products available in the UK,interferewithsupplyanddistribution,andbringaboutacollapseof the supermarkets ultra-sensitive, time-critical, stock-controlsystems,leavingtheirshelvesincreasinglydepleted.(Para.7)与与此此同同时时，由由荒荒年年而而致致的的粮粮食食短短缺缺问问题题也也会会造造成成激激烈烈的的全全球球食食品品竞竞争争，可可能能会会大大大大减减少少英英国国可可用用的的农农产产品品，干干扰扰供供应应和和分分销销，导导致致很很多多超超市市超超灵灵敏敏的的、时时间间要要求求严严格格的的库库存存管管理理系系统全面崩塌，超市的食品货架也变得越来越空旷统全面崩塌，超市的食品货架也变得越来越空旷。

12TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation7.Ontopofthis,harvestdisruptioninresponsetovolcanoweathermightextendfarbeyondEurope,andmightinensuingdecadesbeexacerbatedbytheconsequenceoframpantclimatechange.(Para.8)此此外外，火火山山天天气气造造成成的的庄庄稼稼歉歉收收状状况况可可能能远远远远超超出出欧欧洲洲范范围围，并并且且可可能能在在随随后后的的几几十十年年中中由由于于剧剧烈烈的的气气候候变变化化而加剧13TextA:Sentencecomprehension8.WhilewecantstopthenextTambora,norhandleitspotentialimpactsontheclimateandtheharvest,wecanensure that contingency plans are in place to keepeveryoneadequatelyfeduntilthesulphurveildissipatesandtemperaturesreturntonormal.(Para.9)虽虽然然我我们们不不能能阻阻止止下下一一个个坦坦博博拉拉，也也不不能能控控制制它它对对气气候候和和庄庄稼稼的的潜潜在在影影响响，但但是是我我们们可可以以实实施施应应急急计计划划，确保每个人都能吃饱，直到硫磺消散，温度恢复正常确保每个人都能吃饱，直到硫磺消散，温度恢复正常。

14TextA:SentencecomprehensionSentenceTranslation9. Looking back at previous episodes of dramatic climatewarming provides us with plenty of robust evidence for avigorousvolcanicresponse,mostnotablyasourwo。