钻井泵基础知识.ppt

钻井泵基础知识Basic knowledge of drilling pump本课主要内容contentn n一、钻井泵的结构和特点 Structure and feature of drilling pumpn n二、钻井泵工作原理 working principle of drilling pump n n三、钻井泵的使用 operation of drilling pump n n四、钻井泵的日常维护和检查 routine maintenance and check-up of drilling pump n n五、钻井泵常见故障判断及排除方法Frequent failure and solution of drilling pump n n六、钻井泵易损件及其更换方法 consumable and replacing 一、钻井泵的结构和特点Structure and Feature of Drilling Pump 钻井泵基本组成Structure of Drilling PumpStructure of Drilling Pump钻井泵的结构图structure of Drilling pump小齿轮轴总成Pinion shaft assembly曲轴总成crankshaft assemble十字头总成crossing head assemble液力端总成hydraulic end assemble排出管路总成discharge pipeline assembly排出空气包总成discharge air dampener assemblyHHF系列钻井泵主要特点系列钻井泵主要特点 feature of HHF series Drilling pump动力端动力端power endpower endn n⑴ 机架采用钢板焊接件，强度高，刚性好，重量轻。

n nThe frame adopts the steel plate weldment with high strength, good rigidity and lighter weight. n n⑵ 整体人字齿轮传动，运转平稳.n nOne-piece herringbone gear drive with smooth running n n⑶ 合金钢曲轴可更换的十字头导板n nAlloy steel crankshaft and changeable crosshead guide n n⑷ 采用滚子轴承，提高了运转时的平稳性和承载能力n nAdopt roller bearing and improve the running stability and load capacity n n⑸ 中间拉杆盘根采用先进密封结构，密封效果好n nThe extension rod adopts advanced packing structure with good seal performance. n n⑹ 动力端齿轮、轴承、十字头等部位采用强制润滑和飞溅润滑相结合的润滑方式。

n nGear, bearing, crosshead and some other parts at power end adopts forced lubrication and splash lubrication mode. n n⑺ 应用施必牢防松螺母，拆装方便n nAdopts Spiralock self-locking nuts and easy to assembly and disassembly 液力端hydraulic endn n⑴ 液缸采用直通式布置，可使液流平稳、结构紧凑、容积效率高n nThe cylinder adopts the go-through laying (over & under valves-front loading) to make the flow smooth, structure compact and with high volumetric efficiency. n n⑵ 三个液缸具有互换性n nThe three cylinders are interchangeable.n n⑶ 缸盖和阀盖能快速旋紧，装拆方便n nThe cylinder cover and valve cover can be screwed down quickly and convenient to disassembly and assembly n n⑷ 吸入阀和排出阀能通用互换。

n nSuction valve and discharge valve can interconvert.n n⑸ 采用敞开式的活塞与缸套内腔结构，便于观察n n Adopt the opened piston and cylinder liner structure and convenient to observe. 二、钻井泵的工作原理Working principle of drilling pump动力机万向轴、皮带等小齿轮轴曲轴十字头总成连 杆液力端总成机械能液体能转动往复运动Power engine Universal shaft ,belt, etc.Pinion crankshaftCrosshead assemblyConnection rodFluid end AssemblyMechanical energyHydraulic energyrotationreciprocating钻井泵的工作过程working procedure of drilling pump钻井泵的基本性能参数 the basic performance parameter of drilling pumpn n泵的理论排量：泵在单位时间内排出的介质体积称为泵的理论平均排量，简称为泵的理论排量，以Q表示。

n nTheoretic displacement: the medium’s cubage discharged from the pump in unit time is called the theoretic average displacement of pump, shortened for theoretic displacement of pump, denoted with Q.n n泵的工作压力：通常是指泵排出口处单位面积上所受到的液体作用力，简称为泵压，以p表示n nWorking pressure of pump: generally it is the liquid acting force on unit area of discharge port, shortened for pump pressure, denoted with p.n n泵的额定功率和效率：单位时间内动力机传递给泵主动轴的能量，称为泵的输入功率；泵工作于额定冲次时的输入功率称为泵的额定功率，以N表示；单位时间内液体经泵作用后增加的能量称有效功率，也称水功率，以Nr表示；泵的效率是有效功率与输入功率的比值。

n nRated power and efficiency of pump: the energy that the prime power engine (machine) transmits to the pump’s driving shaft in unit time is called input power of pump; the input power while the pump runs at the rated strokes is called the rated power of pump (denoted with N); the increased energy of the liquid after the pump acting in unit time is called the effective power, also named hydraulic power (denoted with Nr). The efficiency is the ratio of effective power and input power.n n冲次：也称泵冲，指单位时间内活塞的往复次数，以n表示。

n nStrokes: also named pump strokes. It is the piston’s reciprocating times in unit time, denoted with n. (really it is a speed parameter of mud pump)n n冲程长度：指活塞往复运动的距离，以S表示n nLength of stroke: it is the reciprocating distance of the piston, denoted with S.三、钻井泵的使用operation of Drilling pump 钻井泵作为钻井作业的重要装备，在工作时向井底输送循环高压钻井液，冲洗井底、破碎岩石、冷却润滑钻头，并将岩屑携带返回地面 钻井泵使用我们从下面三方面讲：It is the one of the most important device of drilling rig, it transmits high pressure drilling fluid to hole bottom to wash the hole, break rock, cool and lubricate bit and bring the cuttings to the ground. We explain the drilling pump courses into three parts:l l钻井泵的安装The installation of pump l l钻井泵的启动the start of pumpl l泵在运转中的监视Inspection during pump operation (running) 钻井泵的安装ØØ ØØ（一）钻井泵的安装Installation of drilling pumpØØ 钻井泵应安装在水平或略向液力端倾斜的底座上（倾斜度≤3°），以利于润滑油的流动。

ØØThe drilling pump should be installed on a level or a little declined to fluid end skid (gradient≤3°), this shall be good for the flow of lubrication.ØØ 泵的安装位置应尽量降低，泥浆池的位置应尽量提高，以提高钻井泵的吸入效率ØØThe installation position of pump should try to be lower as possible, and the position of mud pits should try to be higher as possible, so that it can improve the suction efficiency of the drilling pump. ØØ 吸入管线布置时应使灌注泵旁通联接，以便于当灌注泵有故障或进行维修时，钻井泵可以继续工作ØØWhen lay the suction lines, the charge pump should be connected by-pass so that the drilling pump can go on working when there is something wrong with the charge pump or maintain the charge pump.ØØØØ泵的吸入管入口端应高于泥浆池底约泵的吸入管入口端应高于泥浆池底约300mm300mm，而且吸入管内径必须一致，吸入管的入口端不能正对泥浆池的入口，而且吸入管内径必须一致，吸入管的入口端不能正对泥浆池的入口（对泥浆罐也是如此）。

对泥浆罐也是如此）ØØThe inlet port of the suction line should be 300mm higher than the bottom of the mud pit and the The inlet port of the suction line should be 300mm higher than the bottom of the mud pit and the internal diameter of suction line should be identical, Furthermore, the inlet port of suction internal diameter of suction line should be identical, Furthermore, the inlet port of suction line should not face the inlet of mud pit (so does the mud tank). line should not face the inlet of mud pit (so does the mud tank). ØØ 剪销安全阀必须安装成可直接与泥浆接触，并且将安全阀排出端用无缝钢管直接引到泥浆罐，这条管线应剪销安全阀必须安装成可直接与泥浆接触，并且将安全阀排出端用无缝钢管直接引到泥浆罐，这条管线应尽可能少一些转折。

若转弯应使弯头大于尽可能少一些转折若转弯应使弯头大于120°120°，不允许把安全阀的排出管线接到泵的吸入管上，在排出管路与，不允许把安全阀的排出管线接到泵的吸入管上，在排出管路与安全阀之间不许安装任何型式的闸门安全阀之间不许安装任何型式的闸门ØØWhen install the Shear safety valve, it should contact with mud directly, and the outlet end of When install the Shear safety valve, it should contact with mud directly, and the outlet end of safety valve should be connected to the mud tank with seamless steel pipe, whish should try to safety valve should be connected to the mud tank with seamless steel pipe, whish should try to have fewer swerves (elbow). If there is a swerve, the bend angle should not be less than 120°. have fewer swerves (elbow). If there is a swerve, the bend angle should not be less than 120°. The discharge line of safety valve should not be allowed to connect to the suction pipe of mud The discharge line of safety valve should not be allowed to connect to the suction pipe of mud pump. And also, between the discharge pipe and safety valve should not install any valve.pump. And also, between the discharge pipe and safety valve should not install any valve. ØØ剪销安全阀的阀体上标有每级工作压力的标记，调节压力时，只需按所给压力把剪切销插入相应的孔内。

注意：剪销安全阀的阀体上标有每级工作压力的标记，调节压力时，只需按所给压力把剪切销插入相应的孔内注意：剪销板孔内只能插一个剪切销若缸套活塞尺寸变更，则须相应地调定安全阀压力不要使用内六角扳手、电剪销板孔内只能插一个剪切销若缸套活塞尺寸变更，则须相应地调定安全阀压力不要使用内六角扳手、电焊条或其它材料，若这样作将会影响安全阀的压力值，并可能导致事故的发生焊条或其它材料，若这样作将会影响安全阀的压力值，并可能导致事故的发生ØØThere is marked the working pressure of each grade on the body of shear safety valve. When There is marked the working pressure of each grade on the body of shear safety valve. When adjusting the pressure, just insert the shear pin to corresponding hole according to the required adjusting the pressure, just insert the shear pin to corresponding hole according to the required pressure. Note: each time you can only insert one shear pin in hole plate. If the cylinder liner pressure. Note: each time you can only insert one shear pin in hole plate. If the cylinder liner and piston are changed, the pressure of safety valve also should be adjusted accordingly. But do and piston are changed, the pressure of safety valve also should be adjusted accordingly. But do not use Allen key (hexagon ring spanner), welding rod and some other things as shear pin, because not use Allen key (hexagon ring spanner), welding rod and some other things as shear pin, because it will influence the pressure of safety valve, even lead to an accident. it will influence the pressure of safety valve, even lead to an accident. ØØ 牢固的支撑所有吸入和排出管线，不使它们受到不必要的应力，同时也是为了减少振动，决不可由于没有牢固的支撑所有吸入和排出管线，不使它们受到不必要的应力，同时也是为了减少振动，决不可由于没有足够的支撑而让管线悬挂在泵上。

足够的支撑而让管线悬挂在泵上 ØØFirmly support all the suction and discharge pipelines to make sure that they do not suffer the Firmly support all the suction and discharge pipelines to make sure that they do not suffer the unnecessary stress, at the same time, to decreases vibration. It is not allowed to make pipelines unnecessary stress, at the same time, to decreases vibration. It is not allowed to make pipelines suspend on pump without enough supports.suspend on pump without enough supports.泵的启动start of pump 启动前的准备工作preparation before startØØ启动前的准备工作启动前的准备工作Preparation before startPreparation before startØØ 检查动力端机架底部，放空润滑油并清洗油池。

然后对照泵机架铭牌上对润滑油的要求，将一定牌号和数量的润滑油加入动检查动力端机架底部，放空润滑油并清洗油池然后对照泵机架铭牌上对润滑油的要求，将一定牌号和数量的润滑油加入动力端ØØCheck the bottom of power end; empty the lubrication and clean the oil sump. Then according to the lubrication Check the bottom of power end; empty the lubrication and clean the oil sump. Then according to the lubrication requirement marked in the nameplate on pump frame, fill the power end with adequate lubrication.requirement marked in the nameplate on pump frame, fill the power end with adequate lubrication.ØØ 检查十字头与上导板的间隙是否符合要求。

检查十字头与上导板的间隙是否符合要求ØØCheck the clearance between the crosshead and upper guide to make sure that it is proper.Check the clearance between the crosshead and upper guide to make sure that it is proper.ØØ 检查喷淋泵水箱内冷却润滑液是否达到要求检查喷淋泵水箱内冷却润滑液是否达到要求ØØCheck the cooling lubricant in the water tank of spray pump to make sure that it is properCheck the cooling lubricant in the water tank of spray pump to make sure that it is properØØ 检查所有螺纹联接是否紧固以及泵内是否有杂物检查所有螺纹联接是否紧固以及泵内是否有杂物ØØCheck all the thread connections to make sure they are tightened and check for any sundries in the pump.Check all the thread connections to make sure they are tightened and check for any sundries in the pump.ØØ 检查泥浆管线上的所有阀门是否置于正确位置。

ØØCheck all valves on mud line to make sure they are on proper status.ØØ 检查排出空气包充气压力是否达到4±0.5MPa的规定值ØØCheck the pulse dampener to make sure its charge pressure gets to 4±0.5MPa.ØØ 打开喷淋泵系统和灌注系统的进排液阀门ØØOpen the inlet and outlet valves of spray pump and charge pump.ØØ 检查剪销安全阀和压力表是否齐全灵敏安全阀的压力设置是否符合要求ØØCheck the shear safety valve and the pressure gauge to make sure they are ready and sensitive, check whether the safety valve’s pressure setting is correct or not.ØØ 向吸入管路腔内灌满水或泥浆，排净空气ØØFill the chamber of suction lines with water or mud to discharge all air.启动startØØ 应以低速起动，逐渐增速，以提高容积效率。

应以低速起动，逐渐增速，以提高容积效率ØØStart with low speed and speed up gradually to improve the volumetric efficiency.Start with low speed and speed up gradually to improve the volumetric efficiency.ØØ 如果需要高泵速时，就必须使用灌注泵如果需要高泵速时，就必须使用灌注泵ØØIf high pump speed is needed, the charge pump must be used.If high pump speed is needed, the charge pump must be used.ØØ 检查动力端润滑油压表读数是否正常检查动力端润滑油压表读数是否正常ØØCheck the reading of lubrication pressure gauge at power end to see whether it is proper or not.Check the reading of lubrication pressure gauge at power end to see whether it is proper or not.ØØ 注意检查各部温度，不得有局部过热现象。

注意检查各部温度，不得有局部过热现象ØØCheck the temperature of each part. There are should no local overheating. Check the temperature of each part. There are should no local overheating. ØØ 启动泵必须与有关操作及检查人员取得联系启动泵必须与有关操作及检查人员取得联系ØØWhen start the pump, you shall contact with related operator and inspector.When start the pump, you shall contact with related operator and inspector.ØØ 开泵时检查人员必须注视压力表的压力，泥浆未返回地面前不允许离开气开关开泵时检查人员必须注视压力表的压力，泥浆未返回地面前不允许离开气开关ØØWhen start the mud pump, the operator should notice the pressure showed on the pressure gauge. If the mud does not When start the mud pump, the operator should notice the pressure showed on the pressure gauge. If the mud does not return to the ground, the operator should not leave the control panel (air switch of clutch).return to the ground, the operator should not leave the control panel (air switch of clutch).ØØ 挂泵离合器时，采用二次启动法，这样可使泵得到活动的机会，也可以观察泵在启动中有无障碍，如一切正常，即可挂上挂泵离合器时，采用二次启动法，这样可使泵得到活动的机会，也可以观察泵在启动中有无障碍，如一切正常，即可挂上离合器。

离合器ØØWhen engage the pump clutch, prefer adopt twice start method, this can make the pump get the chance to act and also see When engage the pump clutch, prefer adopt twice start method, this can make the pump get the chance to act and also see whether there is anything wrong. If there is nothing wrong, engage the clutch finally.whether there is anything wrong. If there is nothing wrong, engage the clutch finally.泵在运转中的观察Inspection (observation) during operation ( running)检查活塞杆和中间拉杆卡箍是否有不正常响声；检查液缸上的所有螺母以及阀盖和缸盖是否有松动现象。

如发现不正常检查活塞杆和中间拉杆卡箍是否有不正常响声；检查液缸上的所有螺母以及阀盖和缸盖是否有松动现象如发现不正常现象，查明原因，及时处理现象，查明原因，及时处理Check whether the clamp for piston rod and extension rod connection has some abnormal sound; check whether Check whether the clamp for piston rod and extension rod connection has some abnormal sound; check whether all the nuts on cylinder block and valve cover and cylinder cover are loosen or not. If there are some all the nuts on cylinder block and valve cover and cylinder cover are loosen or not. If there are some abnormality, find out the reason and eliminate them immediately. abnormality, find out the reason and eliminate them immediately. 检查各高压密封处是否有泄漏现象，泵阀和缸套处是否有刺漏声，如发现问题，应及时处理。

检查各高压密封处是否有泄漏现象，泵阀和缸套处是否有刺漏声，如发现问题，应及时处理Check whether the high pressure seal have leakage or not, and whether the pump valve and cylinder liner have Check whether the high pressure seal have leakage or not, and whether the pump valve and cylinder liner have any washout sound. If there is something wrong, resolve it immediately. any washout sound. If there is something wrong, resolve it immediately. 注意泵压变化，发现异常情况妥善处理注意泵压变化，发现异常情况妥善处理Notice the change of the pump pressure. If there is something wrong, handle it immediatelyNotice the change of the pump pressure. If there is something wrong, handle it immediately n n注意喷淋泵的供水情况是否正常。

n nNotice whether the water supply of spray pump is normal or not.n n 注意各轴承部位、十字头导板以及其它有相对运动的部位的温度是否过高或有异常现象n nNotice the temperature of each part of bearing, crosshead guide and other parts with movement is too high or has any abnormal phenomenon.n n 在机架后部，动力端润滑油路的压力表读数是否正常n nAt the back of frame, check whether the pressure gauges reading of lubrication for power end is proper or not 钻井泵的日常维护和检查 正确和及时地对钻井泵进行维护保养，是保证钻井泵正常工作，延长寿命的必要措施对于任何一台泵的使用，都应重视这一环节Maintaining the drilling pump correctly and duly is the necessary measure to ensure it working properly and lengthen its servicing life. To any drilling pump, it is very important. uu每天的维护保养 daily maintenance uu每星期的维护保养 weekly maintenanceuu每月的维护保养 monthly maintenanceuu每年的维护保养 yearly maintenanceuu在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项 uuSome other items should be paid attention每天的维护保养daily maintenancen n停泵后检查动力端的油位。

停泵后检查动力端的油位n nCheck the oil level of the power end after Check the oil level of the power end after stoprunningstoprunningn n观察缸套与活塞的工作情况若发现漏出来的泥浆超出正常限度时，则须更换新缸套、活塞观察缸套与活塞的工作情况若发现漏出来的泥浆超出正常限度时，则须更换新缸套、活塞n nObserve the working condition of cylinder liner and piston. If the mud leaking out is over the limit, It needs to change a Observe the working condition of cylinder liner and piston. If the mud leaking out is over the limit, It needs to change a new cylinder liner and piston. new cylinder liner and piston. n n检查缸套腔，若有大量泥浆沉淀，应加以清理。

检查缸套腔，若有大量泥浆沉淀，应加以清理n nCheck the chamber of cylinder liner. If there is too much mud deposit, clean it.Check the chamber of cylinder liner. If there is too much mud deposit, clean it.n n检查喷淋泵水箱内水是否够用，并及时补充，冷却水有污染时加以更换，并同时清理水箱卫生检查喷淋泵水箱内水是否够用，并及时补充，冷却水有污染时加以更换，并同时清理水箱卫生n nCheck whether the water tank of spray pump is enough or not and replenish in time. When the cooling water is polluted, Check whether the water tank of spray pump is enough or not and replenish in time. When the cooling water is polluted, change it and clean the water tank.change it and clean the water tank.n n检查排出空气包的充气压力，是否符合要求。

检查排出空气包的充气压力，是否符合要求n nCheck whether the charge pressure of discharge dampener is proper or not.Check whether the charge pressure of discharge dampener is proper or not.n n检查剪销安全阀的可靠性，必要时应予以更换检查剪销安全阀的可靠性，必要时应予以更换n nCheck the shear safety valve’s reliability and change it when necessary.Check the shear safety valve’s reliability and change it when necessary.n n检查润滑油泵压力表变化情况如发现压力很小（0.035MPa）或无压力，应及时检查过滤器是否有堵塞现象n nCheck the reading of pressure gauge of lubrication pump. If the pressure is very small（0.035MPa）or even without pressure, check whether the filter is jammed or not in time. n n每天将活塞杆卡箍松开，把活塞转动四分之一圈左右，然后再上紧卡箍。

n nLoose the piston rod clamp everyday. Turn the piston a quarter round and then tighten the clamp.n n在上紧缸盖与阀盖前，先在其丝扣内填涂润滑脂，且在每4小时时间内，检查一次是否有松动现象出现 n nBefore installing the cylinder cover and valve cover, first fill the thread with grease. Check whether it loose or not every 4 hours.n n经常观察阀盖、缸盖、缸套密封（含耐磨盘与液缸间的密封）的报警孔，如有泥浆流出，就应及时的更换相应的密封圈n nObserve the alarm hole of valve cover, cylinder cover and cylinder liner seal (including the seal between wear plate and cylinder). If the mud flows out, replace corresponding seal ring in time. 每星期的维护保养每星期的维护保养 weekly maintenance n n每周拆卸阀盖、缸盖一次，除去污泥，清洗干净，涂上二硫化钼复合钙基润滑脂，检查阀导向套的内套，如已明显磨损每周拆卸阀盖、缸盖一次，除去污泥，清洗干净，涂上二硫化钼复合钙基润滑脂，检查阀导向套的内套，如已明显磨损（阀导向杆与导套间的间隙超过（阀导向杆与导套间的间隙超过3mm3mm）应将其换掉。

应将其换掉n nDisassemble the valve cover and cylinder cover once a week. Get rid of the mud and clean it. Then coat it with compound molybdenum Disassemble the valve cover and cylinder cover once a week. Get rid of the mud and clean it. Then coat it with compound molybdenum disulfide calcium base grease. Check the inner bushing of valve guide. If it has been obviously worn (the clearance between valve stem disulfide calcium base grease. Check the inner bushing of valve guide. If it has been obviously worn (the clearance between valve stem and guide bushing should not more than 3mm), replace it immediately. and guide bushing should not more than 3mm), replace it immediately. n n检查阀和阀座的使用情况，把磨损严重或刺坏了的阀体，阀胶皮和阀座换掉（更换阀座时应注意同时更换阀体）。

检查检查阀和阀座的使用情况，把磨损严重或刺坏了的阀体，阀胶皮和阀座换掉（更换阀座时应注意同时更换阀体）检查阀弹簧，把折断或丧失弹力的阀弹簧及时换掉阀弹簧，把折断或丧失弹力的阀弹簧及时换掉n nCheck the condition of valve and valve seat. Replace the worn and washout valve body, valve rubber and valve seat (notice: when Check the condition of valve and valve seat. Replace the worn and washout valve body, valve rubber and valve seat (notice: when replace the valve seat, replace the valve body at the same time). Check the valve spring, replace the broken or miss elasticity spring in replace the valve seat, replace the valve body at the same time). Check the valve spring, replace the broken or miss elasticity spring in time.time.n nn n检查活塞锁紧螺母，若遇腐蚀或损坏应换掉（因为一般上紧过三次以后的螺母，镶在其内的密封圈已失去锁紧能力）。

n nCheck the piston lock nut. When it is cankered or worn, change it, because generally, if a nut is screwed down three times, the sealing ring inlayed in it shall lose the seal function. n n 从排泄孔盖的丝堵处放一次水，直至见油为止 n nDrain water from the screw plug on the drain hole cover until oil out.n n 检查并清洗润滑油泵管线中的滤网一次n nCheck and clean the filter strainer of lubrication pump pipeline once.每月的维护保养每月的维护保养 monthly maintenanceØØ检查液力端的所有双头螺栓和螺母例如缸盖法兰螺母，液缸与机架联接的螺母，以及吸入管路、排出管路的联接螺栓、螺母等如果出现松动，须按规定扭矩重新上紧ØØCheck all the studs and nuts of power end. Such as the flange nut of cylinder cover, the nut connected with cylinder and frame, and the bolts and nuts in suction pipeline and discharge pipeline. If there are some looses, tighten them according to prescribed torque. ØØ检查中间拉杆填料盒内的密封圈，若已磨损须更换，一般每三个月至少换一次。

更换时应注意油封方位 ØØCheck the packing ring of extension rod in the stuffing box. If it is worn, replace it at least once three months. When replacement, notice the azimuth of the packing.ØØ拆卸和清洗装在排出滤网里的滤筒ØØDisassemble and clean the filter strainer in the discharge filter.ØØ每六个月换掉动力端油池和十字头沉淀油槽内的脏油，并同时清理这些油槽ØØChange the used oil in sump of power end and in crosshead oil deposit pool once per six months and clean them at the same time. 每年的维护保养每年的维护保养 yearly maintenancen n检查十字头导板是否松动，十字头运转间隙是否符合规定要求，可在导板下加垫片来调整。

在拆卸曲轴总成时，可将十字头旋转180°再进行使用n nCheck whether the crosshead guide is loosened or not, check whether the clearance is proper or not. If it is not, add shim below the guide to adjust. When disassemble the crankshaft assembly, the crosshead can be turned 180° and reuse it. n n推荐每隔两年或三年对整个泵进行一次全面检查检查主轴承、偏心轮轴承、十字头轴承、小齿轮轴轴承是否磨损或损坏，若不能继续使用，则须另换新的n nIt is recommended that check thoroughly the whole pump every two or three years. Check whether the main bearing, eccentric (crank) bearing, crosshead bearing, pinion shaft bearing are worn or not. If they can not use any more, replace them with new bearing.n n检查齿轮的磨损情况，若磨损严重，须将曲轴和小齿轮轴同时调头安装，利用齿面未磨损的一面。

n nCheck the wear condition of gears. If they are worn, install the crankshaft and pinion shaft by turn over the ends to use the unworn face of gears. 在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项other attentions during the maintenance processother attentions during the maintenance process n n上卡箍前，必须将25°的锥面擦干净n nBefore install the clamp, clean the 25° taper facen n更换缸套时，必须将缸套密封圈一起换掉n nWhen replace the cylinder liner, replace the seal ring of liner at the same timen n冬季停泵后，须将阀腔及缸套内的泥浆放尽并冲洗干净。

n nWhen the pump is stopped in winter, discharge the mud in valve pot and liner and flush them clean. n n泵各检查窗孔应注意盖好，以防灰砂等混入润滑油内n nCover all man holes well to avoid the sand or dust enter the lubrication. n n排出空气包只能充以氮气等惰性气体，严禁充入易燃、易爆气体如氧气、氢气等n nThe air bladder of dampener can just be filled with inert gases such as nitrogen. It is forbidden to fill it with flammable and explosive gas, such as oxygen, hydrogen, etc. 钻井泵常见故障判断及排除方法钻井泵常见故障判断及排除方法Frequent failure and solutionFrequent failure and solution 液力端故障液力端故障 故故 障障原原 因因排排 除除 方方 法法 压力表的压力下降。

排压力表的压力下降排量减小或不排泥浆量减小或不排泥浆吸入管路密封不严，空气进吸入管路密封不严，空气进入泵内吸入滤网堵死吸入滤网堵死拧紧吸入管法兰螺栓或更换垫拧紧吸入管法兰螺栓或更换垫片停泵，清除吸入滤网杂物片停泵，清除吸入滤网杂物液体排出不均匀，有忽液体排出不均匀，有忽忽小的冲击压力表的忽小的冲击压力表的压力变化很大，吸入管压力变化很大，吸入管路发出呼呼声路发出呼呼声一个活塞或一个阀磨损一个活塞或一个阀磨损严重或者已经损坏严重或者已经损坏泵缸内进空气泵缸内进空气更换已坏活塞；打开阀盖，更换已坏活塞；打开阀盖，检查阀有无损坏或卡死检查阀有无损坏或卡死检查吸入管路及阀盖是否严密检查吸入管路及阀盖是否严密缸套处有剧烈的敲击声缸套处有剧烈的敲击声活塞螺母松掉缸逃压盖松活塞螺母松掉缸逃压盖松动吸入不良，产生水击吸入不良，产生水击拧紧活塞螺母拧紧缸套压拧紧活塞螺母拧紧缸套压盖检查吸入不良的原因检查吸入不良的原因阀盖、缸盖以及缸套密阀盖、缸盖以及缸套密封处显示孔漏泥浆封处显示孔漏泥浆阀盖、缸盖未上紧阀盖、缸盖未上紧密封圈损坏密封圈损坏上紧阀盖、缸盖上紧阀盖、缸盖更换密封圈更换密封圈排出空气包充不进气体或排出空气包充不进气体或充气后很快泄漏。

充气后很快泄漏充气接头堵死空气包气囊充气接头堵死空气包气囊已破针形截止阀密封不严已破针形截止阀密封不严清除接头内的杂物更换气清除接头内的杂物更换气囊修理或更换针形截止阀修理或更换针形截止阀柴油机负荷大柴油机负荷大排出滤筒堵塞排出滤筒堵塞拆下滤筒，清除杂物，洗净拆下滤筒，清除杂物，洗净动力端故障故故 障障原原 因因排排 除除 方方 法法轴承高热轴承高热1.1.油管或油孔堵死油管或油孔堵死2.2.润滑油太脏润滑油太脏3.3.滚动轴承磨损或损坏滚动轴承磨损或损坏1.1.清理油管及油孔清理油管及油孔2.2.更换新油更换新油3.3.拆开轴承，查明原因更换轴承拆开轴承，查明原因更换轴承动力端有敲击声动力端有敲击声1.1.十字头导板已磨损十字头导板已磨损2.2.轴承磨损轴承磨损3.3.导板松动导板松动4.4.液力端有水击现象液力端有水击现象1.1.调整间隙或更换已磨损的导板调整间隙或更换已磨损的导板2.2.更换轴承更换轴承3.3.上紧导板螺钉上紧导板螺钉4.4.改善吸入性能改善吸入性能钻井泵易损件及其更换方法Consumable and replacement 阀与阀座阀与阀座valve and valve seatn n取下阀盖、缸盖、缸盖堵头和定位盘，抽出插板总成，取出阀杆导向器（下）和阀弹簧以及阀体等（含阀胶皮和阀取下阀盖、缸盖、缸盖堵头和定位盘，抽出插板总成，取出阀杆导向器（下）和阀弹簧以及阀体等（含阀胶皮和阀螺母等）。

用随机配置的液压拔阀器专用工具，分别将上部排出阀座和下部吸入阀座拔出螺母等）用随机配置的液压拔阀器专用工具，分别将上部排出阀座和下部吸入阀座拔出n nRemove the valve cover, cylinder cover, cylinder plug and locating disk; draw out the inserter assembly; take out the Remove the valve cover, cylinder cover, cylinder plug and locating disk; draw out the inserter assembly; take out the valve valve guide(downguide(down), valve spring and valve body, ), valve spring and valve body, etc.(includingetc.(including the valve rubber and valve nut, etc.). pull out the upper the valve rubber and valve nut, etc.). pull out the upper discharge valve seat and the lower suction valve seat by hydraulic valve puller.discharge valve seat and the lower suction valve seat by hydraulic valve puller.n n清洗上下阀座孔配合面（使用优质清洗剂），确认各阀座孔十分清洁并干燥（无脏物、油脂、防锈剂等）。

用金刚清洗上下阀座孔配合面（使用优质清洗剂），确认各阀座孔十分清洁并干燥（无脏物、油脂、防锈剂等）用金刚砂纸磨去表面上所有毛刺，砂纸要沿阀座孔循环运动砂纸磨去表面上所有毛刺，砂纸要沿阀座孔循环运动n nClean the fitting surface of upper and lower valve seat hole (pump deck) and make sure all the valve seat hold clean Clean the fitting surface of upper and lower valve seat hole (pump deck) and make sure all the valve seat hold clean and dry without dirty, grease and antirust. Rub out all burrs on the surface with emery paper, notice that the emery and dry without dirty, grease and antirust. Rub out all burrs on the surface with emery paper, notice that the emery paper should move circularly along the valve seat hole (pump deck). paper should move circularly along the valve seat hole (pump deck). n n彻底清洗并干燥阀座，把吸入和排出阀座装到阀腔孔内装上阀体，用铜棒榔头敲击导向杆上部，使阀座到位。

再装彻底清洗并干燥阀座，把吸入和排出阀座装到阀腔孔内装上阀体，用铜棒榔头敲击导向杆上部，使阀座到位再装上阀弹簧及其它零件上阀弹簧及其它零件n nClean and dry the valve seat and deck. Install the suction valve and discharge valve seat into the valve pot and then Clean and dry the valve seat and deck. Install the suction valve and discharge valve seat into the valve pot and then the valve body. Knock the upper part of the guide rod with hammer or copper rod to make the valve seat get to its the valve body. Knock the upper part of the guide rod with hammer or copper rod to make the valve seat get to its position. At last, install the valve spring and some other components. position. At last, install the valve spring and some other components. 液力端hydraulic end液力端装配图液力端装配图 assembly of hydraulic end缸套、活塞）cylinder liner and pistonn n取下喷淋管总成、卡箍，将十字头中间拉杆通过盘泵移至泵的后死点位置，用铁锤敲击缸套压盖逆时针旋转松开，取下喷淋管总成、卡箍，将十字头中间拉杆通过盘泵移至泵的后死点位置，用铁锤敲击缸套压盖逆时针旋转松开，使其退出，与此同时，通过缸套锁紧环的作用将缸套使其退出，与此同时，通过缸套锁紧环的作用将缸套- -活塞一并从液缸耐磨盘孔中带出，用随机配置的缸套吊装工具吊下。

活塞一并从液缸耐磨盘孔中带出，用随机配置的缸套吊装工具吊下n nDisassemble the spray wash line assembly and clamp. Pull the crosshead extension rod to the back dead center Disassemble the spray wash line assembly and clamp. Pull the crosshead extension rod to the back dead center position through cranking. Knock the liner clamping plate with hammer to loose it in position through cranking. Knock the liner clamping plate with hammer to loose it in contrarotationcontrarotation and take it down. and take it down. At the same time, take out the cylinder liner and piston form the wearable disk hole through the effect of liner retainer At the same time, take out the cylinder liner and piston form the wearable disk hole through the effect of liner retainer with the liner hoisting device. with the liner hoisting device. n n组装时，首先清洗活塞杆和活塞，务使其上面无毛刺和划痕。

将活塞密封圈装到活塞芯的槽内，把活塞装到活塞杆组装时，首先清洗活塞杆和活塞，务使其上面无毛刺和划痕将活塞密封圈装到活塞芯的槽内，把活塞装到活塞杆上，注意不要让活塞密封圈滑脱旋紧活塞杆上的螺母在缸套内圆和活塞外圆上涂抹润滑脂检查活塞杆和中间拉杆上，注意不要让活塞密封圈滑脱旋紧活塞杆上的螺母在缸套内圆和活塞外圆上涂抹润滑脂检查活塞杆和中间拉杆端部，务使其上面清洁无毛刺把活塞杆装进缸套里，使活塞杆在缸套后面保持对中，用硬木或专用工具将活塞打进缸端部，务使其上面清洁无毛刺把活塞杆装进缸套里，使活塞杆在缸套后面保持对中，用硬木或专用工具将活塞打进缸套内n nWhen assembly, first clean the piston rod and piston to make sure they without burr and nick. Put the piston sealing When assembly, first clean the piston rod and piston to make sure they without burr and nick. Put the piston sealing ring to the groove of piston core and then put the piston on the piston rod. Notice that the piston sealing ring should ring to the groove of piston core and then put the piston on the piston rod. Notice that the piston sealing ring should not be surged. Screw down the bolts on the piston rod. coat the inner surface of liner and outer surface of piston with not be surged. Screw down the bolts on the piston rod. coat the inner surface of liner and outer surface of piston with grease. Check the end of the piston rod and extension rod to make sure they without burr. Put the piston into the grease. Check the end of the piston rod and extension rod to make sure they without burr. Put the piston into the cylinder liner; make the piston rod in the center at the back of the cylinder liner. Then knock the piston into the cylinder liner; make the piston rod in the center at the back of the cylinder liner. Then knock the piston into the cylinder liner with hardwood or special tools. cylinder liner with hardwood or special tools. n n把把缸缸套套密密封封圈圈装装到到耐耐磨磨盘盘的的沉沉孔孔内内。

用用润润滑滑脂脂薄薄薄薄涂涂在在缸缸套套压压盖盖的的内内表表面面，，然然后后从从后后部部套套到到缸缸套套上上将将两两半半缸缸套套锁锁紧紧环环装装在在缸缸套套槽槽内内，，用用O O形形圈圈把把两两半半缸缸套套锁锁紧紧环环箍箍住住用用吊吊具具从从缸缸套套上上部部吊吊住住缸缸套套在在缸缸套套压压盖盖螺螺纹纹上上涂涂抹抹润润滑滑脂脂把把缸缸套套旋旋压压到到缸缸套套法法兰兰内内，，旋旋紧紧缸缸套套压压盖盖，，使使缸缸套套端端面面 贴贴到到位位为为止止，，用用锤锤头头把把缸缸套套压压盖盖敲敲紧紧通通过过盘盘泵泵使使十十字字头头中中间间拉拉杆杆向向前前死死点点方方向向移移动动，，要要注注意意：：在在十十字字头头中中间间拉拉杆杆接接近近活活塞塞杆杆端端部部时时，，不不得得损损坏坏活活塞塞杆杆端端部部的的定位凸台，要支住活塞杆使它定位凸台，要支住活塞杆使它进进入到中入到中间间拉杆的定位孔内然后装入卡箍拉杆的定位孔内然后装入卡箍n nPut Put the the cylinder cylinder liner liner sealing sealing ring ring into into the the countersink countersink groove groove of of wearable wearable disk; disk; daub daub the the inner inner surface surface of of cylinder cylinder liner liner clamping clamping plate plate (gland) (gland) with with proper proper grease, grease, and and then then put put it it on on the the cylinder cylinder liner liner from from the the back; back; install install the the two two halves halves liner liner lock lock ring ring into into the the groove groove of of liner liner and and clamp clamp them them with with O-ring; O-ring; hoist hoist the the cylinder cylinder liner liner from from the the upper upper part; part; daub daub grease grease to to the the liner liner gland gland thread; thread; put put the the cylinder cylinder liner liner into into the the flange flange of of cylinder cylinder liner liner and and screw screw down down the the liner liner gland gland until until the the end end is is on on its its position position and and knock knock the the liner liner gland gland to to tighten tighten it it with with hammer; hammer; move move the the crosshead crosshead extension extension rod rod to to the the front front dead dead center center position position through through cranking. cranking. Notice Notice that: that: when when the the crosshead crosshead extension extension rod rod is is close close to to the the end end of of the the piston piston rod, rod, it it should should not not damage damage the the locating locating convex convex part part of of the the piston piston rod rod end. end. Support Support the the piston piston rod rod to to make make it it into into the the locating locating hole hole of extension rod, and then install the clamp. of extension rod, and then install the clamp. n n装卡箍之前，须将挡泥板装在中间拉杆的端部，把卡箍卡住活塞杆和中间拉杆端部法兰的斜面上。

上紧螺栓然后在缸套后部装上缸套端盖 n nBefore install the clamp, install the mud baffle at the end of the extension rod. Clamp the clamp at the inclined (taper) part of the piston rod end and extension rod end, screw down the bolts and then install the liner’s end cover at the back of liner.n n若活塞杆和卡箍都是新的，在卡箍两瓣的开口处有大约1/2″（13mm）的间隙，以保证活塞杆端面形成良好的金属对金属联接当磨损后，两瓣将趋于接近如果已经没有间隙，则卡箍不起作用，此时就应更换卡箍n nIf the piston rod and clamp are new, there should be a 1/2″（13mm）gap between two halves of the clamp to make sure the end face of the piston rod have a good connection of metal to metal. When they are worn out, the two halves should close gradually. If there is no gap, the clamp cannot work, and then replace it. 排出空气包气囊更换air bladder replacing for discharge dampenern n确认系统中已经完全泄压。

Make sure there is no pressure in the systemn n拆卸掉盖Disassemble the cover of dampener.n n取下气囊 take out the air bladder n n检查气囊是否损坏，消除引起损坏的因素n nCheck whether the air bladder is damaged or not. Eliminate the damage factor. n n检查底塞的状况，各边缘必须光滑Check the bottom plug condition and the edge should be smooth.n n装入新气囊 install the new air bladder n n装上盖，勿使气囊变形或受挤压Install the upper cover and make sure the air bladder is not distorted and extruded. n n上紧螺母Screw down the boltsn n进行充气Charge it. 排出空气包总成discharger air dampener assembly排出空气包充气n n取下空气包压力表罩，旋转排气阀压帽约1/4—1/2周，以排放残余压力，使压力表的读数为零，取下排气阀压帽和堵头。

n nTake off the dampener pressure gauge cover; turn the discharge valve cap 1/4—1/2 round to discharge the remnants pressure to make the reading of the pressure gauge is zero and then get rid of the discharge valve cap and plug. n n把软管连到氮气瓶阀和空气包排气阀接头上n nConnect the hose to the nitrogen bottle valve and dampener discharge valve’s connector. n n打开空气包截止阀n nOpen the shutoff valve on dampener n n缓慢打开氮气瓶阀开关，用此阀调节流入空气包的气体n nOpen the nitrogen bottle valve slowly and adjust the air going into the air bladder by this valve.n n当空气包压力表指示到所需之压力时，关闭气瓶阀。

n nWhen dampener get to the specified pressure, please close the nitrogen bottle valve.n nn n关闭空气包截止阀Close the shutoff valve on dampener.n n 取下软管，盖上压力表罩，再次装上排气阀压帽和堵头n nTake out the hose and cover the pressure gauge cover, then install the discharge valve cap and plug. n n为了得到最好的效果，空气包预充压力不得超过泵的排出压力的2/3，最大充气压力为4.5MPa（650psi） n nTo get a better effect, the pre-charge pressure of the dampener should not higher than the 2/3 of discharge pressure. The Max. charge pressure is 4.5MPa（650psi）空气包充气注意事项 dampener charging instruction n n仅能使用压缩氮气或压缩空气，不能使用氧气、氢气等易燃、易爆气体。

n nThe charge air shall be compressed nitrogen or compressed air, not oxygen, hydrogen or some other flammable and explosive gasesn n在保养空气包时，空气包内的气压必须为零，此时，泵的压力也必须为零，不能完全依靠观察压力表的读数来判断，必须打开排气阀的压帽泄压，因残余压力较小时，压力表已无法显示，但此低压也可能导致事故的发生n nWhen maintain the dampener, the pressure in it shall be zero. And so does the pump pressure. It should not judge the pressure through the reading of the pressure gauge. Because when the pressure is low, the pressure gauge can not show. So it should open the discharge valve to discharge the pressure, because such low pressure may still lead to accident. 。