非谓语动词的复习要点.docx

关于非谓语动词的复习要点 一.英语中的“连动”问题汉语中可以一个动词接一个动词地连续使用，不需要通过任何语法手段，但英语中一个动词和后面的动词通常不能直接连用（情态动词和助动词do/does,did,will/shall,have/has等除外）英语中“连动”主要有两种情况：a,几个连续动词是并列关系，我们把它们用作并列谓语用并列连词and,but,or等连接eg. 1.We study,exercise,work and relax together every day.2.Tom didn't play soccer,watch TV or surf the Internet last weekend. 3.Jim works very hard,but still has a little difficult with Chinese.b.几个连续使用的动词具有动宾，目的，因果，程度与结果等其他语法关系，这时我们通常把第一个动词用作谓语动词而把后面的动词用作不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词的恰当形式，由于后面的动词不可作谓语，我们把动词不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词形式统称为动词的非谓语动词形式。

例如，1.我喜欢读书划线处为连动，以下同）I like reading. （like和reading连动，reading:动名词作宾语）2.张先生想要去北京Mr Zhang wants to go to Beijing.（wants和to go to Beijing连动，to go to Beijing:不定式作宾语）3.我来看你I have come to see you.（have come 和to see you连动，to see you:不定式表目的）4.我昨晚熬夜太迟未按时起床I stayed up too late last night to get up on time.（stayed up too late和 to get up on time连动，to get up on time:不定式表结果 5.I'm happy to see you again.(be happy 和to see you 连动，to see you不定式表原因)6.I couldn't make myself heard by the crowd.(couldn't make myself 和heard连动，heard 过去分词做宾语补足语)6.Let's get started now.(get 和started 连动，started 过去分词表被动)7.Just now I caught Tom drawing a picture.(caught Tom 和drawing a picture 连动，drawing a picture：现在分词做宾语补足语)我们在进行书面表达训练时（作文和完成句子），可以经常有针对性地根据上面的观点认真行文和检查答案。

当然，“连动”有时我们可以将后面的动词置于从句中进行表达例如，1.我不认识站在那儿的女孩I don't know the girl who is standing over there.=I don't know the girl standing over there.2.我发觉Tom在睡觉I found that Tom was sleeping.=I found Tom sleeping. 二.非谓语动词书面表达的答题原则复习时，对非谓语动词要有充分的认识归纳、整理积累典型例题、背诵经典句型，做到厚积薄发做书面表达题时，应遵循下面原则：（1）所给的动词应根据语义和语境联想激活其相关短语及搭配；（2）认真分析句子结构，确定划线部分和所给的词（短语）在句子中充当的成分；（3）确定所给的动词（短语）与句中的主语或者逻辑主语的逻辑关系（语态）以及动作发生的先后（时态）；（4）特别留意标点符号尤其是逗号的作用 三.动词不定式与动名词动词不定式在句子中起名词、形容词和副词作用，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和独立成分；动名词与现在分词同形，都由动词原形+ing形式构成，动名词兼有动词和名词的作用和特征，在句子中可以做主语，宾语，表语和定语，动词不定式和动名词可以带宾语和状语。

不定式和动名词有时态和语态的变化 动词不定式时态和语态归纳表时态语态 主动语态 被动语态 肯定 否定 肯定 否定一 般 式to do sthnot to do sthto be donenot to be done进 行 式to be doing sthnot to be doing sth完 成 式to have done sthnot to have done sth to have been donenot to have been done完成进行式to have been doing sthnot to have been doing sth 动名词时态和语态归纳表时态语态 及物动词(do) 不及物动词(go) 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态一般式 肯定 否定 肯定 否定 肯定 否定doing sthnot doing sthbeing donenot being donegoingnot going完成式having done sthnot having done sthhaving been donenot having been donehaving gonenot having gone动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的区别：动名词作主语和宾语表示一般抽象的多次性行为或者一件已知的事或经验。

eg.Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.动词不定式做主语和宾语则表示具体的某一次的行为，通常表示一件还未做的事或目的Eg.1.Smoking is not allowed here.（抽象）这儿禁止吸烟2.It's not good for your health to smoke so much.（具体）吸那么多烟对你的健康没好处动词不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的几个重点句型 A.动词不定式做主语时，常使用it做形式主语置于句首，而将真正的不定式主语置于句末，即It+谓语部分+to do sth.. eg.It is not easy to study a foreign language. It takes sb some time to do sth. 该句型可细化为： B.It is +adj./n+(for sb) to do sth.(若要说明不定式的逻辑主语，通常在不定式前加for sb) eg.It is important for us to grasp a foreign language.我们掌握一门外语是重要的。

It is my duty to teach you well. 把你们教好是我的职责上述句型中，adj.或n说明不定式to do sth的性质或具体内容,常见的adj.有：importantdifficult,hard,interesting,necessary,possible,impossible,easy,etc. C.It is+adj.+of sb to do sth. eg.It's wise of you to say these words. 你说这些话是明智的It was kind of Tom to help you with English last night. Tom 昨天晚上帮你学英语真好It is foolish of you to say so.(You are foolish to say so.)It is wrong of the other children to make fun of you.(The other are wrong to make fun of you.)上述句型中，adj.说明sb的性格、品质、特征等，和sb构成逻辑上的主谓关系,常见的adj.有：wise,clever,nice,silly,rude,cruel,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,careful,natural(天性的) etc. It is natural of a dog to bite a man.(狗咬人是天性) It is natural for people to help each other.(人们互相帮助是自然的) D.主语+find/feel/think/make/believe/judge...+it+adj/n+to do sth. eg.I find it hard to study physics. 我发觉学物理很难。

E.It is/was no use(good)/not any use(good)/of little use(good)/useless/a waste of time/money/energy doing sth.It is/was a waste of time/money/energy doing sth. 做某事是白费时间/金钱/精力 F.主语+find/feel/think/make/believe/judge...+it+no use(good)/not any use(good)/of little use(good)/useless/a waste of time(money,energy)+doing sth.上述句型中只有在不定式或动名词作宾语且其后有宾语补足语时才能将it用作形式宾语.4.动词不定式在介词but,except,besides后面作宾语的用法若它们前面句子中有实义动词do的各种恰当形式，则不定式中不加小品词to；反之，不定式中要加to. eg.Tom has nothing to do but go on waiting.(前有实义动词to do，but后不加to) My mother does many other things besides cook meals for me every day.(前有实义动词does,besides 后不加to) We have no choice but to stay here for the night. 我们除了呆在这儿过夜之外别无选择。

前没有实义动词do,but后要加to）▲注意：这儿所讲的do是,实义动词，但是do若是助动词的话介词后的不定式中要加to eg.Mary does have a good drink besides to eat some delicious seafood. Mary 除了吃些美味的海鲜外还好好地喝了一顿前面的does是助动词而不是实义动词，besides后要加to)▲吊尾介词的用法：若不定式中的动词是不及物动词且和所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时， 7.不定式作状语 不定式在句中主要作原因，目的和结果状语，其中目的和结果状语是高考的热点 ▲▲原因状语 eg.I'm sorry to be late again.(不定式to be late again 表I'm 。