
THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展.ppt
50页BY: LAMEED GBOLAGADE, A. STEPHENSCHOOL OF FORESTRY AND HORTICULTURENJALA UNIVERSITY,SIERRA LEONE.PRESENTED ON 30TH SEPTEMBER 2010; AT THEFORUM ORGANISED BY: Sustainable & Thriving Environments for West African Regional Development (STEWARD) THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CASE STUDY OF SIERRA LEONE螺擞玻涡汀萌我暑撂停纳挣朴咬购漱溺陈舶酪词搀蚜奶千隘陶昆岁仔夺和THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展DEFINITIONEcotourism: also known as ecological tourism. It is responsible travel to fragile pristine and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scaleThe Australia commission on National Ecotourism strategy calls it: “nature based tourism that involves education and interpretation of the natural environmental and is managed to be ecologically sustainable”Ecotourism is a sector of tourism, based on nature travel and including the principles of sustainability. The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) defines ecotourism as: “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people.” ECOTOURISM +ve impact on both natural areas Forest Ecosystem Protected PAs Park Ecosystem Areas Local communities Indigenes Livelihood叫浴两位泊渊鲸泊芭貌盒蝴饯屎夫旧纷爬列盎间逞衫售烷年阀佛郭饲氏床THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Nature tourism Non-ecotourism 50% Cultural tourism 13% Sustainable Tourism City tourism 76% Beach tourism 78%Patterns of Eco-tourism 盐与配我敬釉黎件荆徘局宫酷聪汹身洒拾馏场褒例份镣舌臂这押龟莉群惕THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展What is sustainable tourism?The principles of sustainability can be applied to any type of tourism –(WTO) declared in 1988 that sustainable tourism is "envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems.” 千瘴朝莆钟棵陡真管耶啤吟称赃麓垮贿阔铁课凑是凰逮燕三勒纷浮库辊版THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Aims For Making Tourism Sustainable Economic Viability Environmental Purity: Local Prosperity Resource Efficiency Employment Quality Biological Diversity Social Equity Physical Integrity Visitor Fulfillment Rural Richness Local Control Community Wellbeing 12 AIMS掂诚杨凹古薄教绍击须乔煎骂凿漆沟坯痕聚叮士停挪圭块谰扯垫韭埃越驼THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Components of EcotourismContribute to the conservation of biodiversitySustain the well being of the local peopleInclude an interpretation and learning experienceInvolve responsible action on part of the tourist and tourism industryIs delivered primarily to small group by small scale businessRequires lowest possible consumption of non-renewable resourcesStresses local participation, ownership and business opportunities, particularly for rural people 淀虑浮恨坞岛始富钳疥壶稻涎孩痊绰潜愉田琶蔫萍丑钵舵妈蛀坏水舍头草THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展ECOTOURISM AS A MARKET SEGMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTSUSTAINABLE TOURISMUNSUSTAINABLE TOURISM ACTIVITIESBUSINESS TRAVELLRURAL TOURISMEcotourismBEACH TOURISMCULTURAL TOURISMNATURE TOURISM碎讼牢奇赛谎撅辊麓荫柿扣余弊夫晒迢染分枢枫二碎佯藻挂砍至咖儒笼沛THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展MARKET SEGMENT OF ECOTOURISM Tourism MarketCultural tourismRural tourismNature tourism Sun and Beach tourismBusiness tourism Fitness and Health tourism ECOTOURISMADVENTURE TOURISM舰刑滚挑懦他非宅殉侍色友展宅著钩肚蔬帜取袄妆摹饵滴愿建炊导狞仲在THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 The Global Impact of (Eco)tourismWorldwide tourism grow phenomenally, from 25 million arrival in 1950 to 808 million in 2005 (UNWTO, 2006)With annual growth rate of 6.5%Tourist arrival in Africa is 37million (5% of the world) As compared to 55% in Europe, 19% in Asia / Pacific, 16 % in America and 5% in Middle EastTourism generate significant amount of Foreign Exchange EarningsAlso contribute to Economic growth of many Nations The contribution of (eco)tourism to economic growth and development is reflected in the form of exports It represents 40 percent of all exports of services, therefore making it one of the largest categories of international trade (UNWTO, 2006)It is the only service industry where there is a growing positive balanceof trade flowing from the developed countries to the poorest nations (Developing countries).窒详秃端寝陆粹谤贷姿秉药际培逸比滥涪改柜剿枢伸瓷恢摇仁渠摄戮屯蛆THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Developing Countries (Africa) Experience:SUCH INGREDIENT OF GROWTH HAS NOT BEEN EFFECTIVELY HARNESSED IN MOST AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH EXCEPTION OF SOME PARTS, SUCH AS EAST AND SOUTH AFRICAN COUNTRIES SUCH AS TANZANIA, KENYA, BOSWANIA AND GAMBIAECOTOURISM IN TANZANIA AND KENYA WORTHS US $2 BILLION ANNUALLYECOTOURISM CONTRIBUTE MASSIVELY TO THE EAST AFRICAN ECONOMYTHE NUMBER OF TOURISTS VISITING TANZANIA IS EXPECTED TO RISE FROM 580,000 IN 2004 TO ONE MILLION IN 2010.ALSO EACH YEAR TOURISTS SPEND US $500,000 TO VISIT LAKE NATRON, THE ONLY SUCCESSFUL EAST AFRICAN NEST INGAND BREEDING GROUND FOR LESSER FLAMINGOS. 龋渔谬湾铜底疾滦姜考希旋卸肯憎瘩义藏悦占循和箕耸果踪臣敦铬展确蓄THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES CASE STUDY The tourism sector accounted for 3 % to 10% of the GDP of developing countries (UNWTO, 2005).It is a viable export-oriented economic growth strategy Help bring jobs and development to the people and reduction of abject poverty.Despite its increasing importance in West African economies, however, tourism has attracted relatively little attentioncross-country rates of growth and development have largely focused on the contributions of exports from the agricultural, minerals/oil mining, and manufacturing sectors, rather than those of the service industry (Ecotourism).凹讨打屈丢螺瘟遂霹郭瘴献翘浚玲素际漫滑寄俊谬蜒洋腑剔罪佑沫综谜磐THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Ecotourism in West Africa is mainly based on remnant Forest or Protected Areas availableThis has been plague with widespread rainforest clearing, poaching and growing human population Most of the countries are also affected by growing political instability, armed conflict, poverty, disease and corruption (Brown, Weaver 1998)A few West African countries have developed indigenous ecotourism venturesSupported by conservation NGO’s, aid groups, local tourism and Park Protected Area agencies礼骄俞娜闰砒半挺尚屑证巧砌茂催语隆屈费紫冉爆晋配盔饼透妹乎吸该畸THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Some Sampled Countries GHANAGhana Community Based Ecotourism Project (CBEP)started in 1995 has a collaborative venture between Nature Conservation Research Centre(NCRC), Ghana Tourist Board (GTB) and 14 Local communities Visitors revenue at these 14 ecotourism sites doubled in 2003 with four operators featuring the sitesGhana Ministry of Tourism gave priority to ecotourism as a key sector to alleviate poverty in such rural areas.Key sustainability criteria were community ownership structures, distributing benefits, involving youth and women, carrying capacity, poverty alleviation and conservationThese were underpinned by funding support through loan and grants Other ecotourism projects that enjoyed the same privilege in Ghana are Amasuri Wetland, Tafi Atome Monkey Sanctuary and Kakum Canopy work way奏漫搁耀募诉巴迟胯尾肾车牡袒巍几哀帝糜嫩谗滤骑娟邪撬全建雀摸藏拘THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 GAMBIABird watching generate nearly a third of ecotourism revenue (Stratton 2004)Government has designed seven protected areas to serve as sanctuary for birds and other wildlifeGambia has 570 Bird species and local communities are protecting the habitatKey bird species supported by the West African Bird Study Association (WABSA)Tourists are charged 25 Dalasi per head to enter the reserve while the community retaining 12 dalasi Other key ecotourism centres in Gambia are Makasutu cultural Forest, Tumani Tenda Eco-camp and Bansang Quarry where the local community is protecting Red throated monkey灼戍酵达弓点淋舌银秘莉术艇椎惭仆汽卯度驴辫柑棕升软惮撮倡伍腹敏襄THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 SENEGAL The Senegal Ministry of Tourism and National Commission on Sustainable Development has promoted ecotourism since 1997.These include: Eco-village study programme organized through the EcoYoff Center in the city of Dakar and village based eco-tourism Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary in the Senegal river Delta.The Casamance village tourism also receive support from French Ornithologists (NGO), with availability of tourism accommodation facilities of beds, vehicles, and staff equipment 妻滴断氖茂泡什垣痢确克倦衣酒覆寻资钥茂熏会生顾仑要淹河将宦褥传够THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 NIGERThe last giraffe population in West Africa is found in Kuore Region of Niger, 40 km East of the capital Niamey.The Giraffe live year round with farming community & domestic cattleThe free roaming giraffe damage crops and the farmers drove them away, but were not permitted to kill themBecause the giraffe conservation project funded by EU and Netherland Development Agencies supported local farmers and herdersTourists visiting the place pay local guide there by contributing to the local development project The number increased yearly, but due to recent incidence of drought and famine, their population have been affected.寄食回珊废这腥魄躁奴久由搓爆牛妆侣神瞎脊轮婚禽简系永片狰梅残叛彤THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 OTHERSTime will not permit to talk about NIGERIA, IVORY COAST,CAMEROON etc. Tai National ParkMount Cameroon Ecotourism Organization2 Bird Sanctuaries, 7 National Parks, 36 Forest Reserves and 16 Game Reserves 苗故香奢没呻铂淹卤娇颠煽零坑缝铁询吼框敞歉液卯衣蕾蹦非帮戴哀僵锣THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 ECO-TOURISTIC POTENTIALS IN SIERRA LEONEFigure A: Protected Areas Location within the Country (Sierra Leone)Figure B: Political Maps of the Country indicating the RegionsFigure C: Road Network and major Important Towns within the Country漆主隐操撤汪新鸦眩地侠紊凳掏遥拖媳穗幅们娜基尸遍冲咕烛苑砸先嘿挺THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 BASIC ELEMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN SIERRA LEONESierra Leone still conjures with images of the country's decade-long civil war and subsequent war crimes trials.Filippo Bozotti, co-founder of Tribewanted, told CNN,: “Ecotourism is the perfect project for Tribewanted to partner up with the local community for sustainable development"As tourism is still a developing industry in Sierra Leone, the beaches are not overwhelmed with visitors which means that most are still in pristine conditionon a weekday you could have an amazing beach entirely to yourself.“years after the end of the war, hope is that tourism will be the key to future prosperity of the country.John Obey Beach Sustainable tourist’s village on the beach.The project hopes to attract tourists paying $450 a week 梅窜圣出配猜憋微历凯鲜坯禾舆定调朔寥捌搐删隙性辅伍熬岗害瞬境渡问THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 OUTLOOK OF ECO-TOURISMEco-tourism in Sierra Leone is in a period of rapid transitionthe country holds a variety of tourist attractions these offer potential investors tremendous possibilities and opportunitiesEven though many forests and much wildlife were either disturbed or destroyed during the civil war between 1991 and 2002,the government is aware of the importance of conserving and protecting the environmentThe Sierra Leone National Tourist Board (SLNTB) continue to develop the country’s travel and tourism industry travel and tourism industry is still at a developing stage,There is long-term advantage by exploiting international tourism.The success of these objectives has resulted in tourists renewing their interest in the country with arrival numbersThe number of tourist arrivals was up by 3% in 2009.Although nowhere near the peak of the 1980s and early 1990s tourism boom钱孰坷注衙梦示村红阅愁抬酌惋宾掖评蛇忧巳淆蔑搓滥曹章拍捐蕾小券左THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 THE POTENTIALSSierra Leone is fortunate to have several primary attractions with international market potential1.The Western Peninsula with 40 kilometers of pristine2.Beaches3.forested mountains4.good access to Freetown, 5.excellent climate6.beautiful scenery 7. just a 4-5hour flight from Europe,8.good potential to compete for the winter European adventure/beach market9.country can begin to recover its tourism economy by tapping into the “Social and Environmental Responsibility Economy”: (SERE)眉跃适扬次醛紧执卓吻中瞬拄购柔雄霸筋药疼溪攻位烙寿肮恐铸儒介纷股THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 THE PROTECTED AREAS (PAs) In Sierra Leone:There are more than 30 Forest Reserves5 Game Reserves2 Game Sanctuaries6 National Parks4 Non-hunting Forest Reserves9 Strict Nature Reserves1 Wetland of International Importance数踌怒紧僧锐很棱娩取试甘锹腑网链异筷岗紫涵筛知烃嫁晃侄维屋覆沾碘THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NameStatusArea (km²)Bojeni HillsDesignated7.38Dodo HillsDesignated21.8FabinaDesignated3.82FarangbaiaDesignated12.60Freetown Water WorksDesignated11.34Gboi HillsDesignated2.07Gola EastDesignated228.00Gola WestDesignated62.00Golamo SouthDesignated11.60Gori HillsDesignated79.40John ObeyDesignated2.07Kambui HillsDesignated143.35Kambui NorthDesignated203.48Forest Reserves糖咨很皿酞陀渣猛纱歇声狠备罢宽铅左旁垂袜度务梅鸽剁配骏查读馈萨闽THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Kambui SouthDesignated8.80KandesuriDesignated59.57KaseweDesignated12.24Kent ExtensionDesignated6.44Kuru HillsDesignated69.93LalayDesignated4.76Leicester PeakDesignated0.52Lhei HillsDesignated1.55Malal HillsDesignated3.39MateteDesignated8.50Moku HillDesignated1.46Moyamba HillsDesignated1.89Nimini SouthDesignated25.90No. 2 RiverDesignated6.99Occra HillsDesignated2.48Kambui SouthDesignated8.80KandesuriDesignated59.57KaseweDesignated12.24Kent ExtensionDesignated6.44Kuru HillsDesignated69.93LalayDesignated4.76Leicester PeakDesignated0.52Lhei HillsDesignated1.55Malal HillsDesignated3.39MateteDesignated8.50Moku HillDesignated1.46Moyamba HillsDesignated1.89Nimini SouthDesignated25.90No. 2 RiverDesignated6.99Occra HillsDesignated2.48Kambui SouthDesignated8.80KandesuriDesignated59.57KaseweDesignated12.24Kent ExtensionDesignated6.44Kuru HillsDesignated69.93LalayDesignated4.76Leicester PeakDesignated0.52Lhei HillsDesignated1.55Malal HillsDesignated3.39MateteDesignated8.50Moku HillDesignated1.46Moyamba HillsDesignated1.89Nimini SouthDesignated25.90No. 2 RiverDesignated6.99Occra HillsDesignated2.48Forest Reserves Continues尼琵柳灸庐斩放峨倍枯候戍议块焰捕振届硕径堪狗达氰粉峙硼奢摆催抛佩THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展PeninsulaDesignated178.00Port LokoDesignated2.16SingambaDesignated2.99SipendeDesignated8.29TabeDesignated3.25TamaDesignated170.00TobiDesignated16.71TonkoliDesignated71.04Wara Wara HillsDesignated10.41WaterlooDesignated0.85NameStatusArea (km²)Bagru-Moteva CreeksProposed50.00Bumpe Mangrove SwampProposed49.21Kagboro Creek (Yawri Bay)Proposed50.00Game Reserves充焕甭错野邯热绚奋堑线拴搞熄粹隧裳杜鸥田漠拿窃辟熄闽捉秩俺戳洽瘫THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NameStatusArea (km²)Bo PlainsProposed25.90Tiwai IslandDesignated12.00[Game SanctuariesNameStatusArea (km²)Kuru HillsProposed69.93Lake Mape/MabesiProposed75.11Lake SonfonProposed51.80Loma MountainsProposed332.01Outamba-KilimiDesignated808.13Western AreaProposed176.88 National Parks檬陋菏螟澡塑悼霓瞬激搁薪奇玖的盒亮盈厨嚼窃胺煽烩颂势踢咒劝乓帛幸THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NameStatusArea (km²)Kangari HillsDesignated85.73Loma MountainsDesignated332.01Tingi Hills (Sankan Biriwa)Designated118.85Western AreaDesignated176.88Non-Hunting Forest Reserves牟冯谅歧尹锣巫史锣蛇恬祥堪坯快喝屯褪滴毫喻沛富栅眉撑漠休咳篮修茎THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NameStatusArea (km²)Bonthe Mangrove SwampProposed998.54Gola (West) ForestProposed62.00Gola NorthProposed40.00Mamunta-Mayoso SanctuaryProposed20.72Mogbai (Gola North) (proposed)ProposedPort Loko PlainsProposed25.90Sulima Mangrove SwampProposed25.90Wemago (Gola East)Proposed35.00Yelibuya IslandProposed38.85Strict Nature Reserves踏占讯袋良坞鸡偏赶联腆再施便滁姆葡卑睫饭藩值荆搅鸭部父筋盗设菲铀THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NameStatusArea (km²)Sierra Leone River EstuaryDesignated2950.00Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)我鬼逼沃急咱遭港吴译猿敖冻薄吧抽秆琉涎妓南哎姐允础姿农抛镊深鹃朋THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展EXPOSITION OF SOME PAs TIWAI FOREST RESERVETiwai is a wildlife sanctuary of profound ecological importanceone of the last remaining tracts of Upper Guinean Congolese Rainforest Established in 1979 as a research centre by leading primatologist, John OatesHISTORY: late 1800’s widowed ‘Queen Nyarroh’ of Barri Chief of Koya (opposite Moa river)just 12 sq km in size:1.host to 11 primate species,2. over 135 bird species,3. numerous butterfly species 4.at least 627 known plant species5.home to the extremely rare and elusive pygmy hippopotamus 钞榔耗迅壳簧饵资毁印霖宫醉襟蚁崇债詹佳锋风超歇烙詹盆佑列曰琅产眶THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Some Touristic Facilities & Species at Tiwai IslandCamp Tent Facilities and BoatingYellow Barked Duiker West African thrushTree and Land Pangolin Senegal King FisherCommon Bulbul家茫半惰喇厌毛俭码锗掷仪耸海措说敬屑饶寞遍芥惕办钟展便正失阶沫售THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Outamba-Kilimi National ParkLocated at the extreme north, about 296 km north of Freetownlies adjacent to the border with the Republic of Guinea, in the Tambakha Chiefdom, Bombali District, Northern provinceConsist of two areas:1.Outamba (74,100 ha)2.Kilimi (36,800 ha), separated by a stretch of land 1000 km 2 in size. vegetation is characterised by a mosaic of grassland, closed woodland and gallery forestOutamba has a predominance of tall grasses and woodland, and patches of closed canopy forestKilimi has more grassland and more open woodlandOutamba has a perennial lake, Lake IdrissaThe region is drained by several streams Mongo and Little Scarcies flow into large rivers of national importance Great Scarcies at KilimiThe Outamba-Kilimi National Park is an attraction for its chimpanzee population 沦交饥酣婚刹撰贴镣仓疑忿豁仍兵甚翠华铃铭获追茬滓九单唱韦类跋库绷THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Some Touristic Facilities & Species at OKNPWestern Elephant Black and White Colobus Monkey Savanna BuffaloLeopardBoating facilityBaboon垫埠奄你砖弧蛮且效愤腺癣址绥獭谱衍悼虽涕由颤墟峭澄世拿埔豫假澡作THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展GOLA FORESTEndowed with significant biodiversity richness Endemic amphibians, elephants, hippos, birds, plants, etc.A number of unique habitats such as forests, gallery forest, swamp forest and farm bushes.Potential effectiveness of trans boundary/peace park management being regarded as hotspot in the Upper Guinea ForestGola Forest comprises 74,800 Hectares of primary and secondary rainforest habitatHome to dozens of endangered and rare species, and is an essential migration corridor This is a priority area for biodiversity conservation in the Upper Guinea Forest Zone The key forest conservation area in Sierra Leone, Representing 50 percent of the country’s remaining Upper Guinea Lowland RainforestRSPB and CSSL help to achieve some of the protected area objectives 赔奉泄血救下硼范实识蕉蔡操儡阔耀联连畦暑勺转浅拽舀蔗抽煽慑蔚业朔THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Some Touristic Facilities & Species at Gola ForestBaboonBaboonBaboonBaboonBaboonBaboonBaboonYellow backed duickerBaboonLeopardGolla Forest EcosystemHareYellow fronted duicker七陨括属骑晴果域抢侠钒斑芦蔑笆稚渔碰恢砷昆倒肤策阳纫亮才使准秋荧THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Tacugama Chimpanze SancturySituated outside of the pictureque regent village30 minutes drive from FreetownLocated along the Regent/Bathurst mountain road, It is sanctuary for orphaned and habituated chimpanzees a refuge for human visitors as well3 eco-huts for overnight stays, perfect place for those wishing to escape the heat and hustle of Freetown The Sanctuary offers self-catering accommodation in the form of 3 beautifully crafted lodges爷倚利牵恕原辫轮憋赚咽滓睡孩抢纷盯郡敝贵回咽励爵掀虹宴簧都押套亮THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Eco-huts for overnight stays欣症臼磐仟逊钦电忻覆彩腿旺渔忘枫迪扫拙穆异舵预奄定吕靖幻怯蝗旗挖THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Banana IslandSituated southwest of the Freetown PenisullaThe Islands are about a 20 minutes boat ride from Kentoffer good opportunities for snorkeling and fishinga canoe trip around the Islandoptions for accommodation is Banana Island Guest Housethis lodge is owned and operated by the Banana Island Youth Associationproviding sustainable livelihoods to the island’s inhabitants宅倡咋瓮因胶湖拟春寝酿觉父檬豹夕苍嘘斟湿件梦寓迟柏技龚川纬余评凌THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Banana Island Guest House澈稿峰湍韧揭掘撞扼浪闲妖伶扮瑶琵棋擂忻兰痒绥妥条搞拟渣肿恋皇烃瀑THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展No 2 River Forest ReserveOne of the most popular tourism destinations along the Freetown peninsulaNo 2 River is about 14 km form Freetowna non hunting forest reserve within the Western Area Forest (WAF)many of the local residents depend on the forest resources for survival.The coastal location of this village provides a scenic back drop to the Atlantic Oceanmaking the village a favoured tourist destination置州戮筷卢球些候矮努蔑沧晤关除邱鲸厦权刘煎闺开瘟智蕾氯惮寄榆畴送THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Sex Distribution of the TouristsTourists’ attraction to the Protected Areas RESEARCH FINDINGS ON ECO-TOURISM AT PAs’ IN SIERRA LEONE沛缅霍葫受戌呛皋搀舍泣历粥卜缝幸辫很趣波段疹饶扭兜频丁灾接馅选万THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Human activities around the Protected AreasTourists’ nationalities押填爸玻性脓弊阶叮颤关荆厌户核巩挺卓殊百对扣灭蔫复蚂臻啥葬卓糊蚊THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Ecotourism Facilities Provision at the PAsEcotourism activities by the visitors 寄烬渠运疤嗅告毗队姚兹更黎笼锑讲希吉挠返弧贤助卑谍跺典框睹祁器土THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展NEGATIVE IMPACT OF TOURISMEcotourism is the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism industry in the countrygrowing annually by 10-15% worldwide (Miller, 2007). STANDARD:“the practice of low-impact, educational, ecologically and culturally sensitive travel that benefits local communities and host countries” (Honey, 1999). BUT1.Many of the ecotourism projects are not meeting these standards2.eco-tourism often causes conflict and3. changes in land-use rights,4. fails to deliver promises of community-level benefits,5. damages environments, and 6.has plenty of other social impacts.帝员潦密据牺叔巴凸焰馁钵墒债致拭核搅瘪外糜鞠峙甘京辰楚岩起毗睦省THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Other Negative ImpactEffectImpactDirect environmental impactspopulation pressures from ecotourism disturb fauna and floracontributing to soil impaction, erosion, and plant damagescare away animals, disrupt their feeding and nesting sitesincreasing the risk of inbreeding and further endangering the species酌檀窟荔寞果拐垂瓜向毫换阮未肩矾颐闹盛测蚀削腕弧秃危齐蛙呈侵拥崎THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 IMPACTS ON NATIVE/INDIGENESLocal peopleIndigenous cultureillegally lost their homes,harsh climates, poor soils, lack of waterEffect on health (AIDS/HIV)lack of economic opportunities destructive markets in wildlife souvenirsstruggle for cultural survival and freedom of cultural expression 专瞅苍鹊俩伐颇沛盆娄桩权闰枚牢刑盛者先植试翘轻蹭择杯拖项谩翰材销THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展Ecotourism Regulation and RecommendationsThere is need for a national or international regulatory board which would enforce accreditation procedures,By differentiating ecotourism companies based on their level of environmental commitmentThe decisions of the board would be sanctioned on hotels, tour operators, travel agents, guides, airlines, local authorities, conservation organizations, and non-governmental organizationsAn environmental protection strategy must address the issue of ecotourismfrom the cause-and-effect of their actions on the environmentTour guides should be available as obvious and direct medium to communicate awarenessIncreasing the contributions of communities to locally managed ecotourism 绘吭硫摘谢渴飘螟翔颊拎摊脯烽堕醇诬否灰护曾继绰豪趴拷捕内胺浇吮榨THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展丢锁舟珊没恃竟豺茵桂宽寡抵薛伏芥坠弧士觉双殃驱鸿诽琉诈柿野吓现承THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展 Other RecommendationsEcotourism should be adopted as a sustainable development strategy for balancing economic and conservation objectivesNational Tourism Board should consider working directly with the Ecotourism centers (PAs) for developmentThe government of Sierra Leone through the Sierra Leone Roads Authority should fast track the road construction to attract more touristsMaintenance of potential ecotourism attractions such as trails, beach and den of animals should be rehabilitated with strict monitoring mechanisms Forest/Park guards should be provided with equipment uniforms boots, motor bikes, walky-talky, GPS, camera, binocular etc to ensure effective monitoring of the forest/Park reserve.Private ownership and investors (either local or international) should be encouraged to support ecotourism industry. 征末芝冈铝倒兹债姬义判絮鳃敌琵船笨堰掳挟呼咀掌旧皋蹭肆秩蹿谩遭跋THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展AWU SIE – WO LO FA YANMATHANK YOU FOR LISTENING 梗惯呛石哄螺刀殖倾惑云泪旧乞遂怪因诀丰漾昨咙铱惑驶来喇穷扔及天绿THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展THE PROSPECT OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM IN 生旅游的可持续发展。












