英语人教版八年级下册九年级英语现在完成时态语法复习讲解及练习.doc

现在完成时态的讲解及专项练习现在完成时是初二要学到的语法内容，也是中考的重点和难点一. 现在完成时基本结构①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词）二. 现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去He has lived here since 1996自从1996年以来，他一直住在这儿动作起始于1996年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用谓语动词必须是延续性动词有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be out 　　finish----be over 　　open----be open 　　die----be dead 　　buy---have 　　fall ill---be ill 　　come back----be back 　　catch a cold----have a cold三. 现在完成时常见考点对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点典型例题】His father_____the party since 1990A.joind B.has joined C.was in D.has been in答案：D解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握 since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A、B均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。

四. 比较一般过去时和现在完成时1. 共同点：动作都是在过去完成I saw the film yesterday evening.I have seen the film before.（看电影这件事都是在过去完成的2. 区别：①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用如yesterday, last week , two years ago，just now，in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用例题—______ you your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished答案：B解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。

问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago 是一个明确的过去时间状语，应该用一般过去时五. 过去分词的规则变化动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同①一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited②以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”live---lived---lived③以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”study---studied---studied cry---cried---cried④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”stop---stopped---stoppeddrop---dropped--dropped 现在完成时专项训练一、选择填空1. ---How long have you been like this? ---___. A. Since last month B. Last month ago C. Last month before D. Last month2. ---____ you ____ the new film?---Yes, I ___ it last week. A. Have, saw, saw B. Did, see, saw C. Have, seen, saw D. Did, see, see3. ---Where’s Jim?---He ____ Disneyland. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been at4. ---Have you___ been to Beijing?---No, I have ___ been there. A. ever, ever B. ever, already. C. yet, never D. just, already5. ---Who will go to the airport to meet Jane?---I will. I ___ her several times. I can find her easily. A. met B. had met C. have met D. will meet6. They ___ homeless people for many years. A. help B. have help C. have helped D. helped7. You ___ a lot in the past three years. A. have grown up B. grow up C. have grown D. grow8. His father ___ for two years. A. has been dead B. was dead C. has died D. died9. ---How long ___ you ___ the bad cold? ---Since last week. A. have, taken B. have, taught C. have, got D. have, had 10. ___have you had this bike? ---Since 2003. A. When B. What time C. How long D. What11. We have been good friends since we ___ each other five years ago. A. knew B. have known C. go to know D. know12. ---Have you finished your written homework ___?---No. I’ll finish it ___ another ten minutes. A. already, after B. yet, before C. already, about D. yet, in13. I won’t go to see the film tonight because I __ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didn’t have14. ---Why not go to see the flower show with us? ---I ___ it. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. seen15. He’s never been to England, ___? A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. has he D. is he16. ---What are you going to do this weekend? ---I ___yet. A. haven’t decided B. won’t decide C. have decided D. didn’t decide17. I have ____ a cold for several days. I took some medicine, and now I feel better. A. had B. have C. catch D. caught18. --Oh, you are late again. The film ___ for twenty minutes. --What a pity.A. has begun B. began C. has been on D have been on19. ---Mr. Green, your hat looks nice. Is it new?---No, I ___ it for two months. A. have had B. have bought C. bought D. had20. ---How long ___ you ___ here? ---For about two years so far. A. have, studied B did, live . C do, day D. were, swimming21. Tom ___ the CD player for two weeks. A. has sent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had22. ---How long ___ you__ here since you __ to Dalian?---Almost half a year. A. did, live, here B. did, live, have come C. have, lived, came D. have, lived, have come23. What’s wrong with him? I haven’t seen him ___ last Wednesday. A. on B. by C. until D. since24. It ____ 。