Module9语法讲解及练习.doc

Module 9 语法讲解及练习语法聚焦 –宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词1．连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.2．连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用ifeg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.2．要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳）Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。

eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.三、宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班从句是一般现在时）She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条从句是一般将来时）She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山从句是现在完成时）如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）I thought （that） you would be free today. （ √）【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.四．其他需要说明的问题1．标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?2．要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致▲五．宾语从句和状语从句的区分eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.　　2） I don't know if the train has arrived.句1）中if引导的是状语从句这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。

整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达判断方法：1．可以从整个句式看状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后2．从引导词看if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”3．从时态看if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来快乐练兵场宾语从句练习一1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they___ dictionary today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled宾语从句练习二1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose宾语从句练习三1. They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me ______what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing7. I don’t know ___________________.A. what does he like best     B. what he like best C. what he does like best     D. what he likes best 8. Can you tell me ______________________?A. where she lives       B. where does she live   C. she lives where        D. where she live9. He asked me _______________________________. A. what time is it   B. what time it is   C. what time was it   D. what time it was10. Do you know _______________________? A. how much did it。