高级红外光电工程导论.doc

1高级红外光电工程导论中科院上海技术物理研究所教育中心2序言 ....................................................................................................................................................4第一章 红外辐射和辐射源 ..............................................................................................................81．1 红外光谱 ..........................................................................................................................81．2 辐射测量术语 ..................................................................................................................91．2．1 定义、符号和量纲 ............................................................................................91．2．2 辐射亮度和理想朗伯体辐射计算 ..................................................................101．2．3 波段辐射量和光谱辐射量 ..............................................................................131．3 点源和面源 ....................................................................................................................131．3．1 点源产生的辐照度: .........................................................................................141．3．2 面源产生的辐照度 ...........................................................................................141．3．3 计算实例 ...........................................................................................................161．4 辐射基本定律 ..............................................................................................................171．4．1 辐射体的分类 ..................................................................................................171．4．2 热辐射定律 ......................................................................................................181．4．2．1 基尔霍夫定律、比辐射率定义 ........................................................181．4．2．2 普朗克定律 ........................................................................................201．4．2．3 斯蒂芬-波耳兹曼定律 ......................................................................221．4．2．4 维恩位移定律 .....................................................................................221．4．2．5 微分辐射亮度 ....................................................................................221．4．3 比辐射率 ..........................................................................................................251．4．3．1 黑体、灰体和选择性辐射体 ............................................................251．4．3．2 常用材料的比辐射率 ........................................................................261.5 黑体型辐射源 ..................................................................................................................291．5．1 黑体和黑体型辐射源 ......................................................................................291．5．2 黑体腔的有效比辐射率 ..................................................................................301．5．3 典型黑体辐射源的结构 ..................................................................................311．6 红外辐射源 ....................................................................................................................341．6．1 标准辐射源和工程用辐射源 ..........................................................................341．6．2 自然辐射源 ......................................................................................................351．6．2．1 太阳 ....................................................................................................351．6．2．2 地球表面 ............................................................................................361．6．2．3 天空 ....................................................................................................371．6．2．4 外层空间 ............................................................................................391．6．2．5 月球、行星和恒星 ............................................................................391.7 目标辐射特性 ..................................................................................................................401．7．1 有动力飞行器 ..................................................................................................401．7．2 人体 ..................................................................................................................431．7．3 地面车辆 ..........................................................................................................431．8 红外辐射在大气中的传输 ..........................................................................................431．8．1 大气传输过程 ..................................................................................................431．8．2 大气吸收 ..........................................................................................................441．8．3 大气散射 ..........................................................................................................451．8．4 大气层 ..............................................................................................................4631．8．5 辐射大气传输的计算 ......................................................................................491．8．6 LOWTRAN7 介绍 ................................................。