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2018高考英语北京卷答案解析版.pdf

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    • 1 / 261 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语本试卷共 14页,共 120分考试时长100分钟考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分:知识运用(共两节,45 分)第一节单项填空(共 15小题;每小题 1分,共 15分)从每题所给的A、 B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑例:It s so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What s moreB. That s to sayC. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是 D1. Hi, I m Peter. Are you new here? I haven t seen you around. Hello, Peter. I m Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】 C 【解析】考查时态。

      句意: 嗨,我是彼得你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你 你好,彼得我是鲍勃我周一刚刚开始住在这儿根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C 选项正确2. _ we don t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B. While C. If D. Until 【答案】 C 【解析】考查状语从句句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物都将会消失动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化although 尽管; while 当 时候,尽管,然而;if 如果; until 直到故C 选项正确2 / 262 3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【答案】 B 【解析】考查动名词。

      句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历 _ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B 选项正确4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态 句意:Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit 是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“ 过去的过去 ” ,且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知, Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态 B 选项正确5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 【答案】 A 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。

      句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康 _ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which 引导A 选项正确6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 【答案】 B 3 / 263 【解析】考查非谓语动词句意: 在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月, 品尝月饼 gather 是谓语动词,“ _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确7. China s high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】 B 【解析】考查时态。

      句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000 公里增长到25,000 公里该句时间状语为 in the past few years 中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态B 选项正确8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 【答案】 A 【解析】考查祈使句句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助 and 是连词,连接并列结构,and 后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子故A 选项正确9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 【答案】 D 【解析】考查语态和时态。

      句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者 who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句, 修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语4 / 264 态由 risked 可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“ 过去的过去” ,该空应用过去完成时态综上,D 选项正确10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】 A 【解析】考查非谓语动词句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句, _ correctly 是条件状语,修饰ordinary soap,ordinary soap 和 use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A 选项正确11. Without his support, we wouldn t be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why 【答案】 C 【解析】考查名词性从句。

      句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的how 表方式, when 表时间, where表地点, why 表原因 “ _ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where 引导 C 选项正确12. In today s information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must 【答案】 C 【解析】考查情态动词句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“ 客观可能性 ” ,故该空应用情态动词canC 选项正确其余情态动词均没有该用法need 需要; should 应该,竟然; must 必须,肯定点睛: can的基本用法: 1. (表示能力、功能)能,会; 2. (表示推测 )可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可5 / 265 以; 4.(表示客观可能性)有时会13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 13.【2018 北京】 They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. droveB. would drive C. were to driveD. had driven 【答案】 D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。

      句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆由“ they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟if _ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D 选项正确14. Good morning, Mr. Lee s office. Good morning. I d like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 【答案】 A 【解析】考查介词句意: 早上好, Lee 先生办公室 早上好我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee 见面) make an appointment for 意为 “ 为 预约 ” ,是固定搭配,故A 选项正确15. This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】 D 【解析】考查名词性从句。

      句意:这是我父亲教我的 总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望 _ my father has taught me”是表语从句, 该空在从句中做teach 的宾语, 且表示 “ 父亲教我的道理” ,故该从句应用what 引导D 选项正确引导名词性从句时,how 表方式,意为 “ 如何 ” ;which 意为 “ 哪一个 ” ,that 在只起引导从句的6 / 266 作用,不做成分第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 30 分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑The Homeless Hero For many。

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