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直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习.doc

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    • Unit1 语法核心突破: 直接引语变间接引语定义:我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用的部分称为直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语这两种引语都是宾语从句,但是直接引语放在引号内,不用连词联接;间接引语不用引号,通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1. 陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句例: He said, “I'm very glad.” → He said he was very glad.2. 一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句例: He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” →He asked John could come that afternoon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when,why, where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” → He asked where Mr. Wang was. Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”. → Tom asks me food I like best4. 祈使句变间接引语时,要变成ask/ tell/order sb(not)to do sth。

      Our parents told us“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们:“把英语学好啊!” ’Our parents told us English well. 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好The teacher said to me, “Don’t read that novel!” ’ The teacher asked/ told me that novel. Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告诉我们:“不要做错事!”Our parents told us never to do wrong. 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事二、 人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主,二随宾,三不变”这一原则例如: “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. → Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.→ He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”→ She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、时态变化 主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化,总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例句一般现在时→一般过去时She said, “I need a calculator.” → She said that she needed a calculator.现在进行时→过去进行时Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.” → Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.一般将来时→过去将来时Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.” → Nancy said that she would call again later.一般过去时→过去完成时He said, “I took it home with me.” →He said that he had taken it home with him.现在完成时→过去完成时Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” → Paul said that their team had won the match.过去完成时→过去完成时He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” → He said that he had finished his homework before supper.四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示代词this→thatShe said, “She is coming this week.” →She said that she was coming that week.these→thoseHe said, “These books are mine.” →He said those books were his.时间状语now→thenHe said, “It’s ten o’clock now.” →He said that it was ten o’clock then.today→that dayHe said, “I haven’t seen her today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.tonight→that nightShe said, “I’ll come again tonight.” →She said that she would go again that night.yesterday→the day beforeHe said, “This happened yesterday.” →He said that this had happened the day before.Threedays ago→three days beforeShe said, “I arrived two days ago.”→She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrow→ the next daythe following dayShe said, “I”ll be back tomorrow.” → She said that he would be back the next day.next week→the next weekShe said, “I’ll do it next week.” → She said that she would do it the next week.地点状语here→thereShe said, “I came here to see Tom.” → She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词come/bring→go/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” →He said he had taken it home with him.【拓展延伸】 直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 ① 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态,从句的时态无需变化例如: He says, “I’m tired.” →He says that he is tired. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” →He will tell you that the boy was lazy.② 当直接引语是客观真理时,不受时间的限制,因此不需要变化时态。

      Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.③ 直接引语是一般过去时,并且和具体的过去时间连用,时态不作改变She said, “I was born in 1995.”→ She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例题】(1)Can you tell me_______? A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what(2)The physics teacher said the earth ____around the sun. A. is moving B. moved C. had moved D. moves【语法专练】1. Mother asked the youngest kid____with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he____visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us that light____ faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he____born in 1968.A. was B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_____ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6. My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.” My b。

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