备考指南:2022考研英语完形填空基本解题策略.docx
14页备考指南:2022考研英语完形填空基本解题策略三、完形填空的试题类型 完形填空是在语篇的根底上对各语言要素,如词汇,表达方式和构造进展考察完形填空的文章作为一个完整的语篇,必定阐述了一个完整的思想,表达了一个整体的概念要使这些概念在意义上连贯,就要使用各种连接手段在各种连接手段中,语义连接、规律连接、构造连接和惯用连接是四种常用的连接手段这四种连接手段就构成了考研英语完形填空的四种出题类型 1.语义连接题 语义连接是指句子和句子之间依靠上下文的语义关系而形成连贯的语篇这种连接形式在完形填空中表现为同义词或形近实词(如名词、动词、形容词、副词等)的选择这类实词的选择辨析题在考研完形填空中的比例很高,大约占70% 2.规律连接题 语篇中的规律连接是指句子之间或句子内部各成分之间,通过连接性词语的运用,实现语义上的连贯通过规律连接,人们可以了解句子或句群之间的语义联系,甚至可经前句从规律上预见后续句的语义因此在完形填空中所说的连接性词语既包括句子语法的连词这个词类,也包括具有连接意义的副词或介词短语,规律连接反映在考题上主要是选择规律连接词(包括反映句际规律关系的连接词、介词、短语等)。
如英语中的later,consequently,in the meantime等等 3.构造连接题 英语中有一些固定的构造,如平行构造、强调构造、主谓全都、倒装构造等构造连接题也就是对语法关系(尤其是句法关系)的考察构造连接反映在选项上常以关系代词、关系副词、人称代词、不定代词、副词等形式消失 通过这些固定构造的连接,语义取得了连贯 4. 惯用连接题 惯用连接也可以称之为固定搭配主要是指动词与介词、副词;名词与介词、名词;介词与名词等的固定搭配,这类试题在考研完形填空试题中约占10%详细表现为介词与副词的选择,但不能因此简洁认为是对介词或副词的用法考察,而是由于选项中的介词或副词与文中的某个动词、名词、或形容词形成习惯用法,所以在类型上属于惯用连接应对这类考题, 要求考生必需熟识把握大纲中列举的常用词组与固定搭配需要特殊留意的是:在很多的词义辨析题中,名词、动词、或形容词的选择也与上下文中与其搭配的介词或副词有直接的关系 本书特殊在附录局部对完形填空常考高频词组进展了汇编, 以便大家复习备考 四、完形填空根本解题策略 1.宏观上把握文章的中心和构造 考研英语完形填空的文章以说明文和谈论文为主,个别状况下会消失夹叙夹议的文章。
它们一般具有以下两个特点: 1)都有明确的中心 由于完形填空要求从内容和构造两个方面将文章补充完整,整篇文章一般只有一个中心愿思,而且具有规律性和完整性从文章的篇章构造来看,第一句话一般都是主题句为了帮忙考生进入语境和答题状态,出题者往往先供应一个完整的句子,设置题目从其次句开头 2) 往往采纳总分构造 通过大量的总结分析,可以发觉考研英语完形填空的文章在构造上常常采纳总分对比的形式,这就为我们快速从整体上把握一篇完形填空供应了特别便利的条件 明确了以上两点就为完形填空的解题从宏观上指明白方向,下面以2022年的真题为例,讲解如何把握文章中心和构造 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values。
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior。
Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established。
(2022年真题) 文章主题和构造分析: 第一段: Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. (主题句) 很多讨论青少年犯罪的理论要么强调个人,要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素 其次段: Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes 大多数有关青少年犯罪的理论强调这些儿童都是来自贫困家庭,而忽视了出身富有家庭的孩子也会犯罪这一事实 第三段: Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates。
社会构造方面的变化可能间接影响了青少年的犯罪率 第四段: Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents… 这些年,家庭也在发生着变化单亲家庭或双职工家庭不断增加 读完第一句话后,文章的主题已经一目了然,主题句主要探讨青少年犯罪的缘由,然后从三个方面对主题进展了论证和说明,即个人缘由导致的犯罪,社会缘由导致的犯罪,以及家庭缘由导致的犯罪,文章构造为总分构造 2.微观上分析句内和句际关系 通过分析句子内部各成分之间的关系,以及句子之间的关系为解答完形填空试题供应详细的操作思路和答题方法一般说来,完形填空试题的解答要依靠三个方面的信息:句子内部供应的信息,句子上下文供应的信息,某个段落供应的信息当句子内部供应的信息缺乏以解答试题时,就要考虑句子上下文供应的信息,当句子上下文供应的信息也不能供应问题的答案时,则需要从某个段落中寻求解决问题的有价值的信息。
一般说来,通过对文章构造和主题进展有效分析后,对句内关系和句际关系的分析是解答完形填空试题的两个关键因素 1)句内关系分析 句内关系分析主要是分析与试题相关的词、词组或句子和试题之间的关系,从语义和构造两个方面对句内关系进展分析是解答完形填空试题的根底 Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect 38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability (2022年真题) 【解析】[D]从语法上看,此题所在的短语和frustration or failure in school以及下文中的the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect构成了平行构造,共同作include的宾语。
从语义来看,后面的三个并列短语和前面。





