ChapterfiveSummarizing摘要写作-课件.ppt

Chapter5Summarizingsummarydefinition:thegistormainthemeofapieceofwritingexpressedinasfewwordsaspossiblerequirements:clear,brief,andcomplete,withalltheessentialpointsincluded,sothatthegeneraleffectoftheoriginalisachieved.Focus1UsesofSummary-Writing1.Summarywritingenablespeopletogetmoreoutoftheirreading.Why?forcingustopayattentiontowhatweread,fornoonecanwriteasummaryofanypieceofwritingunlesshehasclearlygraspeditsmeaning.Sosummarizingisexcellenttraining.Itmakesusreadwiththemindaswellastheeye.2.Summary-writingisalsoaverygoodexercise.Itteachesustoexpressthoughts clearlyclearly,conciselyandeffectively.Why?Sincewearerequiredtoexpressthemaininformationinasfewwordsaspossible,wemustlearntochooseourwordsandconstructoursentencescarefullyandtowriteinstrictlylogicalorder.3.Summary-writinghasgreatpracticalvalue.Why?Theability(tograspquicklyandaccuratelywhatisreadorheardandtoreproduceitbriefly,clearlyandconcisely)isofgreatimportance,particularlytolawyers,scholars,businessmen,andgovernmentofficials.Focus2ProcedureWhat?1.Reading1)Wefirstreadthroughtheoriginalcarefully,butnottooslowly,togetaclearideaofitsgeneralmeaning.2)Wearerequiredtosupplyatitleforoursummary.Thinkofsomeword,phraseorshortsentencethatwillsumupbrieflythesubjectofthepieceofwriting.3)Furtherreadingisnownecessarytoensurethatweunderstandthedetailsofthepieceofwritingaswellasitsmainidea.4)Whenwehaveaclearandcorrectideaofthesubjectormainthemeofthepiece,wecandecidewhichpartsareessentialandwhichpartscanbeomitted.5)Wejotdownthesubject,thetitle,andthedetailswhichwewillincludeinthesummaryandarenowreadytowritethesummary.2.Writing1)Weshouldbesureoftheworldlimitrequired.Summarywritingisanexerciseincompression:Waystoreducethelength?(discussion)-Omitthedetails.Onlytheimportantpointsshouldbeincludedinthesummary;allthedetailsthatexplainthemainpointscanbeleftout.-Reducetheexamples.Outoffiveorsixexamplesgivenintheoriginalpassage one or two may be chosen for thesummary;therestaretobeomitted.-Simplifythedescriptions.If in the passage there are ten sentencesdescribing a person or an object,it will beenoughtokeeponeortwointhesummary.-Eliminateallrepetitions.Sometimesastatementisrepeatedforemphasis.Thisisnotnecessaryinasummary.-Compresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowordse.g.“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”Hewasverybraveinbattle.“Theaccountthewitnessgaveoftheincidentmadeeveryonethathearditlaugh.”Thewitnesssstorywasabsurd.“Johnfellintotheriverand,beforehelpcouldreachhim,hesank.”Johnwasdrownedintheriver.“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.-Makephrasesdotheworkofclausesorsentencese.g.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai,LushanMountain,andYellowMountain,werevisitedbyonly a few people in the past.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthosemountains,and better train and bus services,have brought them within reach of many whoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.(53words)BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedby only a few people,are today accessible tomany,thanks to better wages,paid holidays,newhotelsandbettercommunication.(28words)-Usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords.e.g.She brought home several Chinese andEnglish novels,a few copies of Time andNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.She brought home a lot of books andmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.-Usetheshortestpossibletransitions.but,then,thus,yet,foratthesametime,ontheotherhandsemi-colonusedtoreplaceatransitionalwordorphrase-Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech2)Weshoulduseourownwordstowriteasummary.3)Weshouldconveythemessagefullyandclearlysothatthereaderdoesnotneedtorefertotheoriginal.3.RevisionHow?1)carefullycompareitwiththeoriginalandseetoitthatwehavenotomittedanyimportantpointthatitreadswellasaconnectedwhole2)correctmistakesinspelling,punctuation,grammarandidiom3)crossoutunnecessarywordstokeepthelengthofthesummarywithinthelimitsrequired4)writeoutthefaircopyneatly,underthetitlechosen.P122sample1Task1/2/3Practice(groupwork)Readthearticlegiven.Makeasummaryinnotmorethan85words.My neighbours children love playing hide-and-seekasallchildrendo,butnooneexpectedthat a game they played last week would bereportedinthelocalnewspaper.Oneafternoon,theywereplayinginthestreetjust outside the post-office.Young Ian,who isonly five years old,found the perfect place tohide.Hissister,Janet,hadshuthereyesandwascountinguptenwhenIannoticedthatthesmallmetaldooroftheletter-boxhadbeenleftopen.The postman had just taken all the letters outandhadgoneintothepostofficetoseeiftherewereanyparcels.Ianclimbedintotheletter-boxandpulledthedoorfromtheinsidesohardthatitlocked.Soonrealizingwhathehaddone,hebecame very frightened and started crying.Meanwhile,Janetwaslookingforhimeverywhere but couldnt find him.It was luckyshehappenedtostopoutsidetheletter-boxandheardherbrotherscries.Sheimmediatelyrantotellthepostman,whohurriedouttounlockthemetaldoor.Ianwasnowfree,buthehadsuchabadfrightthathecouldnotstopcrying.The postman,however,soon found a 。