高级英语第6课disappearingthroughtheskylight.ppt

Lesson Six,Disappearing through the Skylight ------- By Oshborne Bennet Hardison Jr.,Aims,To know the features of scientific writing. To analyse the structure of the text. To understand the deeper meaning of the text. To appreciate the language features,Teaching Contents,1. Scientific writing 2. Structuralism and the main idea of the text. 3. Detailed study of the text 4. Organizational pattern 5. Language features 6. Exercises,Time allocation,Writing style (15 min.) Introduction of the text (20min.) Detailed study of the text (100 min.) Structure analysis (15 min.) Language appreciation (15 min.) Exercises (15 min),Scientific writing (English for science and technology),1. technical terms cylinder block; carburettor; thermodynamics; etc. 2. objective: relying on facts, not involve emotion, seldom use figures of speech, exclamation the use of present tense the use of passive voice,Scientific writing,3. sentences: a) complete no contractions (dep't -- department) b) long 1) compound sentences 2) appositions 3) parenthesis 4) logical connectors such as : however; but; also; yet; finally; while; as ; not only; just as .so; etc.,Scientific writing,Generally this technical writing tends to be very formal. Yet the characteristics of any kind of language style is not absolute. In order to meet the needs of the work for popular science, many scientific workers try to adopt a more popular style. Then there comes a popular scientific and technical writing style.,Characteristics,1. limit the use of technical terms 2. examples--- to make the writing more vivid and appealing to the readers,Characteristics,3. figures of speech-- to make the sentences figurative so that the readers can easily understand and associate them with what they are familiar with 4. noun pre-modifiers game theory; human growth genes; theme park; museum villages;world car; etc,Structuralism,Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-century social sciences and humanities. 自然科学和人文科学,Structuralism,Methodologically, it analyzes large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.,Structuralism,In the field of linguistics，the structuralist work of Ferdinand de Saussure long served as model and inspiration.,Characteristic of structuralist thinking,,Saussure's linguistic inquiry was centered not on speech itself but on the underlying rules and conventions enabling language to operate.,Characteristic,Analyzing the social or collective dimension of language rather than individual speech, he pioneered and promoted study of grammar rather than usage, rules rather than expressions, models rather than data, langue语言 (language) rather than parole 言语(speech).,Four procedures,Levi-Strauss specified four procedures basic to structuralism. 1） Structural analysis examines unconscious infrastructures 基层结构of cultural phenomena; 2） It regards the elements of infrastructures as “relational,” not as independent entities实体,Four procedures,3） It attends single-mindedly to system; 4） It propounds (proposes) general laws accounting for the underlying organizing patterns of phenomena.,Detailed study of the text,Disappearing Through the Skylight is not only the title of this chapter but also the title of the book. The book has a sub-title, “Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century”,C.B. Hardison, Jr.,A well-known for his profound insights into the change in modern culture brought about by modern science and technology. His provocative views are stimulating and informative.,The book,As for the central theme of this book, the writer says , “This book is about the ways culture has changed in the past century, changing the identities of all those born into it. Its metaphor for the effect of change on culture is “disappearance”.,The book,In the 19th century, science presented nature as group of objects set comfortably and solidly in the middle distance before the eyes of the beholders. In the work of D’Arcy Thompson, published around the turn of the century, nature has disappeared. It has become a set of geometric and mathematical relations that lie under the surface of the visible.,In this key chapter,The writer puts forward the central theme of “disappearance”– nature disappears, history disappears and even the solid banks disappears. He puts forward the idea of the universalizing tendency of science and technology,In this key chapter,3. The modern man is no longer a unique individual, the product of a special environment and culture. The homogeneous world he now lives in universalizes him. He becomes a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world. In this key chapter,In this key chapter,4. The disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play. The playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual particles, in art it has 。