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如何翻译从句.doc

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    • 名词性从句的翻译    英语的名词性从句包括主语从名、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等翻译的时候,大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文但是,有时候,可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活处理一、主语从句(一)以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该做好Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决How he is going to do it is a mystery.他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷二)用it作形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。

      为了强调起见,it一般可以译出来;如果不需要强调,it也可以不译出来It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参加不参加会议没有多大关系It没有翻译)It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后,竟然还能活着,这看来是不可想象的It翻译为“这”)有时候,如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话,it一般不需要译出来在汉语译文的开始,一般可以用“...的是,...”这样的结构来翻译It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点It不用翻译,还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译)二、宾语从句(一)用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句,翻译成汉语的时候,一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

      I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down.我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝Can you hear what I say?你听得到我所讲的吗?I don’t know that he swam across the river.我不知道他游过了那条河I don’t know how he swam across the river.我不知道他是怎么游过那条河的He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议有时可加“说”字,再接下去翻译译英语原文宾语从句的内容Smith replied that he was sorry.斯密斯回答说,他感到遗憾He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有其他许多人。

      二)用it 作形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it有时候可以不用翻译I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了的,他们必须在上午十时前交卷it没有翻译)I heard it said that he had gone abroad.听说他已经出国了it没有翻译)但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提前到句子最前面翻译I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.我被选参加会议,感到光荣it没有翻译)We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要的it翻译为“这”)三、表语从句英语中的表语从句放在连系动词后面,充当表语成分,一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。

      It seems that it is going to snow.看起来要下雪了That is why Jack got scolded.这就是杰克受到训斥的原因The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他四、同位语从句同位语从句主要是用来对名词作进一步的解释,说明名词的具体内容能接同位语从句的名词主要有:belief(相信),fact(事实),hope(希望), idea(想法,观点),doubt(怀疑),news(新闻,消息),rumor(传闻),conclusion(结论),evidence(证据),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),order(命令),answer(回答),decision(决定),discovery(发现),explanation(解释),information(消息),knowledge(知识),law(法律),opinion(意见,观点),truth(真理,事实),promise(承诺),report(报告),thought(思想),statement(声明),rule(规定),possibility(可能)等。

      一)一般来说,同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望再到中国来访问There is a possibility that he is a spy.有可能他是一个间谍二)有时候在翻译同位语从句时,可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面,相当于前置的修饰语,但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”这种情况下,同位语从句都是比较简单We know the fact that bodies possess weight.我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的三)增加“即”(或者“以为”)这样的词来连接,或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational.但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实,即从实用的观点来看,他们今天仍是不合理的。

      We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.不久前,科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料.定语从句的翻译英语中,定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面,并且没有限制意义的强弱之分,因此,限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句,而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿所以,在翻译定语从句时,一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯如果英语的定语从句太长,无论是限制性的或非限制性的,都不宜译成汉语中的定语,而应用其他方法处理常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。

      一、前置法:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面,可以用“的”来连接既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语,所以在翻译的时候,通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语,翻译在定语从句的先行词前面He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂二、后置法:把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂,如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法叙述清楚这时,可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面,译成并列分句翻译时可以用两种方法来处理(一)重复先行词由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分,如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话,常常需要重复先行词,还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。

      I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就Although he lacks experience, he has enterpr。

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