英文摘ۥ要写作技巧.doc

英文摘要写作技巧 英文摘要写作技巧　　医学论文(medical papers)的定义　　医学论文是对整理和发表医学研究成果的一种特别文本的总称，就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种：　　1.医学科研论文(scientific papers)　　2.调查报告(survey)　　3.综述(review)　　4.学位论文(theses)　　5.医学科研论文(scientific papers)　　u 医学科研论文定义　　国际生物学编辑委员会对医学科研论文的定义为：必须是初次公布的应提供足够的材料，使同行们可以进展：①评价所观察到的结果;②评价其推理过程;③重复实验分为以下两种：①临床研究(clinical study);②根底研究或实验研究(experimental study)　　u 医学科研论文的格式　　医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分：　　(1)标题(title)　　(2)摘要(abstract)　　(3)引言(introduction)　　(4)材料和方法(materials and methods)　　(5)结果(results)　　(6)讨论(discussion)　　(7)致谢(acknowledgement)　　(8)参考文献(references)　　一、标题　　(一)要求　　1.简明扼要(short and concise)　　(1)尽量操纵在一行，但不是一个句子　　(2)不超过25个单词或120-140个字母　　(3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用缩写　　2.信息丰富(informative)　　3.便于索引(indexing)　　(二)标题写作中常用词组和表达方式　　1.用hellip;(方法/手段)对hellip;进展研究/分析/观察/评价：　　Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of (on) hellip; (by) using 方法/with工具)　　2.A对B的作用　　Effort of A on B　　Protective effect of omeprazole on endothelin-induced gastric mucosal injury　　Correlation (relation/relationship) between A and B　　Correlation of A with B and C　　常用修饰词：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly　　标题写作中常用词组和表达方式　　4.用hellip;治疗hellip;　　Use of hellip;in the treatment of hellip;(病)in hellip;(生物)　　Use of omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer in the elderly　　A as B　　二、著录部分书写　　(一)姓名　　标准式：WANG Luowei，HUANG Yingfeng，GUO Xiaorsquo;an　　(二) 地址　　(三)赞助　　A project funded by the National “863” Program　　三、摘要的分类与格式　　摘要是作者要给读者的精华，分两大类：　　(一)指示性摘要　　(二)材料性摘要　　缺点：段落不明，给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便　　2.全构造式摘要(8要素摘要)　　(1)目的　　(2)　　(3)地点　　(4)对象　　(5)处理　　(6)主要测定工程　　(7)结果　　(8)结论　　全构造式摘要的优点　　(1)观点更明确　　(2)信息量更大　　(3)过失更少　　(4)符合计算机数据库建立和使用的要求　　全构造式摘要的缺点：烦琐、重复、篇幅过长　　3.半构造式摘要(四要素摘要)　　(1)目的(objective/purpose/aim)　　(2)方法(methods)　　(3)结果(results)　　(4)结论(conclusion)　　u 目的　　是主题，是作者相要介绍的关键咨询题　　一、目的格式　　(一)单表目的　　(二)背景+目的　　二、目的常用时态　　(一)背景：如今时(一般如今时、完成时和进展时)　　(二)目的：一般如今时/如今完成时，或一般过去时　　举例：　　(1)To evaluate the effects on 24-hour intragastric pH levels of infusions with omeprazole and H2 receptor antagonists in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients.　　(2)The role of omeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistance on treatment outcome are not established. This study investigated the role of omeprazole and influence of primary H. pylori resistance on eradication and development of secondary resistance.　　三、介绍目的常用句型　　主要用动词不定式to表达　　1.直截了当用to do短语表达　　举例：To determine if use of omeprazole protects against the gastric mucosal injury　　2.The purpose/aim/objective/goal(of present study is)was to　　举例：The aim of this study was to determine the protective function of omeprazole on gastric mucosal injury3.The present study is /was designed/devised/intended to　　举例：The present study was designed to establish whether there might be a genetic predisposition to an altered pattern of anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in patients with irritable bowel syndrome　　4.This study was performed/conducted/carried out/undertaken to　　举例：An experimental study was conducted using a canine mode to elucidate hellip;5.We aimed/sought to/attempted to　　举例：We sought to assess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals who work in certain industries occupations.　　四、介绍目的常用动词　　1.研究：study, investigate, examine, observe, explore　　举例：Our objective in this report is to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer.　　2.评价：evaluate, validate　　举例：To evaluate sonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in emergency room patients with abdominal trauma.　　3.确定：determine, decide, confirm, support, define, characterize　　4.证明：prove, demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify　　5.说明、搞清：explain, elucidate, clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to the knowledge of　　6.介绍：describe, present, report　　7.建立：establish, develop, set out　　8.寻找：search for, look for, seek, find　　9.识别、区分：identify, differentiate, discriminate　　10.优选：optimize　　11.比拟：compare　　12.回忆：review　　13.相关：correlate A with B　　方法部分u　　(1)研究设计　　(2)研究对象的特性　　(3)干涉或处理方法　　(4)测定或观察方法　　一、 研究对象的选择、来源及标准　　1.纳入研究：were entered into/enrolled in/selected (randomly)　　举例：A total of 169 patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received　　2.排除或退出研究：were excluded from participation，withdrew from the study due to/because to　　举例：Patients with significant aortic v。