(NEW)外语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录 2015年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础 考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案） 2013年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础 考研真题及详解 2012年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础 考研真题及详解 2011年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础 考研真题及详解 2015年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答 案） 一、30个短语互译（记住的如下）： 1纳米技术 【答案】nanotechnology 2电子商务 【答案】e-commerce 3紫外线 【答案】ultraviolet ray 4语音翻译 【答案】speech-to-speech translation 5热点 【答案】hotspot 6粒子物理学 【答案】particle physics 7杂交水稻 【答案】hybrid rice 8字幕翻译 【答案】subtitle translation 9新能源观 【答案】new view of energy 10 【答案】We chat 11单独二孩政策 【答案】selective two-child policy 12APEC 【答案】亚太经济合作组织 13LCD 【答案】液晶显示器 14Ebola 【答案】埃博拉病毒 15multi-language vendor 【答案】多语言服务商 二、英译汉两篇： 一篇是翻译三个长句子，关于电子商务的；另一篇全部译，关于纳米技 术，关键词有auto。

三、汉译英两篇： 一篇关于太空探索使用机器人还是送人上太空的讨论；另一篇是旅游产 业的优势，第一句就是：旅游产业是第三产业的企业，近年来发展迅 猛 2013年上海理工大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解 I. Directions: Translate the following words or abbreviations into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each.(30) 1OPEC 【答案】石油输出国组织 2CPI 【答案】居民消费价格指数 3HTTP 【答案】超文本传输协议 4Hubble Space Telescope 【答案】哈勃空间望远镜 5ultraviolet rays 【答案】紫外线 6modem 【答案】调制解调器 7GM organism 【答案】转基因生物 8quark 【答案】夸克 9carbohydrate 【答案】碳水化合物 10El Nino 【答案】厄尔尼诺 11magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) 【答案】核磁共振现象 12Nikon 【答案】尼康 13oxides of nitrogen 【答案】氮氧化物 14photosynthesis 【答案】光合作用 15geomorphology 【答案】地形学 16功能目的论 【答案】Skopostheory 17术语 【答案】term/terminology 18液晶显示器 【答案】Liquid Crystal Display 19自助图书馆 【答案】Self-service library 20臭氧层 【答案】Ozone Layer 21字节 【答案】byte 22视译 【答案】Sight translation 23翻译记忆 【答案】Translation memory 24异化法 【答案】alienation/foreignization 25蛋白质 【答案】protein 26陪同口译 【答案】liaison interpreter 27等额选举 【答案】single-candidate election 28可读性 【答案】Readability 29太阳同步轨道卫星 【答案】sun synchronous orbit 30基因疗法 【答案】Gene Therapy II. Directions: Translate the following four source texts into their target language respectively, paying attention to the translation techniques you use. (120 ) Source Text 1 In agriculture a relevant aspect is the better adaptation of plants to specific environmental conditions that can be gained using genetic engineering techniques: this includes the better adaptation of crop plants to the changing environmental conditions, including climate change, increased UV radiation, changed rainfall patterns. Plants may be able to be more resistant to drought, flooding, salinity or sensitivity to heavy metals, so that they can be grown in areas of the earth currently beyond the tolerance range of species, or even those areas unable to be used for agriculture at all. Furthermore, other environments could be considered: tolerance to low temperature is also important, and, for example, an antifreeze gene from an arctic fish has been transferred to soybean, with the goal of creating plants tolerant to low temperature. Another aspect is related to chemical problems connected with plants growth: aluminum toxicity is a problem in low PH soils, where it may reduce plant growth. By making plants tolerant, they could grow better in such soils. Genetic modifications could lead to an increased disease and pest resistance and to the production of new cultivars with improved pest and disease resistance to promote more environmentally acceptable alternatives for food production. The genetic manipulation could lead finally to the utilization of new raw materials: traditional foods often involve consumption of only one or several parts of a plant, for example fruits, leaves, roots, or stems. Plants grown in one culture for roots may be eaten for their leaves in another, such as beetroot. Some plants may be eaten by humans in one culture, such as the plant rape in Japan, whereas it is used for rapeseed oil production in Europe. Key Words Salinity n. 盐度；盐分；盐性 cultivar n. 栽培品种 beetroot n. 甜菜根 rape n. 油菜 【参考译文】 在农业中，一个相关方面是可以通过基因工程技术使植物更好的适应特 定环境条件:这包括气候变化，增加的紫外线辐射以及改变降雨模式。

植物可能能够更好地抵抗干旱，洪水，盐度或对重金属的敏感性，以便 它们可以种植在目前植物种类饱和的土地上，甚至种植在那些不能发展 农业的地方此外，可以考虑其他环境：对低温的耐受性也是重要的， 例如，来自北极鱼的防冻基因已经转移到大豆中，目的是产生耐低温的 植物另一方面涉及与植物生长相关的化学问题：铝毒性是低酸性土壤 中的一个问题，这种土壤可能会降低植物生长通过使植物耐受，它们 可以在这样的土壤中生长得更好改变遗传基因可能导致疾病和害虫抗 性增加，以及生产具有改善的抗病和抗病性的新品种来促进更环保的食 品生产替代品遗传操作可能最终导致新原料的利用：传统食品通常涉 及仅植物的一个或几个部分的利用，例如水果，叶子，根或茎种植在 一种文化中的茎部植物可以在另一种文化中被作为叶子吃掉，如甜菜 根有些植物在一种文化中可以用来吃，例如在日本的油菜，而在欧洲 则用于生产菜籽油 Source Text 2 Thank you for your purchase of a Philips desk light! Operation Instructions： This desk light is not waterproof and is only suitable for indoor usage. No alternations of any kind should be carried out on this desk light. Do not use any voltage exceeding a 10% margin of the specified standard. Do not touch the lamp inside or the lamp shade when the power is switched on. Do not place flammable material near the desk light. In case of operation failure, please switch off the desk light, unplug the power cord and contact your nearest Philips dealer. This desk light is suitable for Philips PL-F/4P 27W compact fluorescent lamps only. Installation： Take out the desk light body, base and clip. To use the desk light with the base, insert the stem onto the base plate and tighten the fixing。