专八考试翻译技巧.doc

第一章 考题基本规律•所有考题均围绕人文话题，从未出现科学技术方面的考题•英译汉要求高于汉译英要求，前者只要“达意”，后者则还要“传神”•首选顺译，不会出大错•英译汉，直译为主；汉译英，意译为主；时间紧迫，可以“译述”•用两种文化去思维，比如在英翻中时不能随意套用汉语成语•其他注意事项：1， 不要遗漏或曲解原文信息2， 词汇、句式恰当而多变3， 与原文风格一致4， 翻译头几句要格外用心，提高印象分第二章 汉译英翻译技巧一， 词的翻译1， 词义选择（1） 语境词刷新了人与人的关系Cell phone has altered the relationship among people.（2） 表意模糊的词这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.（3） 比喻词汇老师答应给这几个学生“开小灶”The teacher promised to give these students special tuition.2， 词义转换：英语的静态性和抽象性决定其出现名词化和介词化的倾向。

1）动词转名词吃头两个菜时，也是赞不绝口You will be full of praise while eating the first main courses.（2）动词转介词 这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.（3）动词转形容词 所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并且深深地依赖着Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.（4）形容词副词转名词只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏….leaving there living thins to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.（5）名词转动词大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.3， 词的增补（1）语法需要：增补的词多为冠词、名词、代词、连词、介词。

面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息When facing a pool of green water, you forgot all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically.在我所呆的三年半中，共有14 位学生被招进了他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited to his lab, but only 5 of them got their doctor's degrees at last.（2）意思表达需要世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新概念的博物馆The third generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.（3）文化背景解释的需要黄鼠狼给鸡拜年The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen——not with the best of wishes.4，词的减省于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。

Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking.用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体With points you can make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids.5，词的替代(1) 名词成分替代：用代词替代重复出现的名词(this/that/all/both/none/some/any/who/which/whose)；用名词性代词替代重复出现的名 词(enough/half/the former/the latter/the one)； 同义词替代另一种方法是化学方法Another method is the chemical approach.( 2)谓语成分替代你说他很勤奋，他确实很勤奋You say he is diligent, so he is.成绩有双重性，错误也有双重性Achievement has a dual character, so do mistakes.( 3)分句替代你会来出席会议吗？假如不出席会议，请及早通知我们。

Will you attend the meeting? If not, please notice us as soon as possible.二， 句子翻译1，确立主干( 1 ) 确立主语•避免主语机械对应这个地区雨比较多It rains a lot in this area.•方位词或时间词在主语位置山下住着一位老妇人There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.•用 it 做主语翻译主语是复合结构的汉语信不信是你的事It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他们回来It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能补拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency.（2）确立谓语：英语的动词通常只能由某个动词或者系表结构担任在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义We shouldn't be too romantiuct paebrsoonal relationship. 当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。

As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.2，语序调整（1）定语的位置：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置钓鱼是一项能陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.（2）状语的位置他是1970年 5月20日在北京朝阳区出生的He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.（3）汉英语言叙事重心不同：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以突出话题，这叫主题句汉 译英有时会译为掉尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以突出主语万一有什么困难，给我们一个信Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.（4）汉英语言强弱词语的顺序不同：英语遵循前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。

救死扶伤，实行革命的人道主义Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism. 一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.（5）否定的转移 不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电性能All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 我的朋友都不吸烟None of my friends smoke.（6）习惯用法衣食住行是老百姓关心的大问题Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.他饥寒交迫，吃了不少苦。

He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.3，正反互换（1）汉语正说，英语反译 那个房间总是关着的The windows of that room were never open.（2）汉语反说，英语反译•汉语用“无、不、没、非”等词表示全部否定，在英语中可用no, not, none, not hing, nor, neither 等词以及否定前缀、后缀等来对应翻译学习外语离不开好的词典A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.•汉语用“决不、永不、从不”等词表示绝对否定，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means 等进行对译在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.•汉语用“并非总是”“不是太”等表示部分否定，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always 等进行对译•汉语中用“几乎不、很少”等表示半否定，在英语中可用barely, hardly, seldom等进 行对译。

3）汉语反说，英语正译：英语中有一类词形式上是肯定的，但意义上是否定的，在翻译 汉语否定句时，可以直接使用生活远非净是乐事Life is far from being a bed of roses.风景没得无以言表The scenery is too beautiful to describe.（4）双重否定的翻译：汉译英的双重否定用“否定词+not”来处理 所有规则都有例外没有你的帮助，我是不能按时完成这一工作的But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time. 人不会不犯错误It is i。