
高中英语 Unit1SectionⅢ Word power, Grammar and usage精品课件 牛津译林版必修2.ppt
32页•Section Ⅲ Word power, Grammar and usageWords and Phrases1.______________ (adj.) 热情的,热烈的热情的,热烈的2. ______ (n.&vt.) 基地;以基地;以…………为基础为基础3.._____ (vi.) 存在存在4.._____ foot 踏上踏上自学导引新知初探自学导引新知初探enthusiasticbaseexistset语法精讲专项突破语法精讲专项突破品味品味品味品味语语法法法法•一、现在完成时•1. 现在完成时的构成与用法•现在完成时由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成有“已完成”与“未完成”两种意义讲讲解解解解归纳归纳•(1)“已完成”意义•表示刚刚结束的动作或已经结束的过去动作对现在产生的影响,侧重该动作不再继续延续•He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了•(2)“未完成”意义•表示过去的某动作一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去,句中只能用延续性动词• • •He has lived here since 1995. •自从1995年以来,他一直住在这儿。
•2. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语意义意义时 间 状 语时 间 状 语““已已完成完成””表示一段时间的状语,如表示一段时间的状语,如for five years, since 2008等等与现在时刻相连的时间状语,如与现在时刻相连的时间状语,如up to now, so far等等““未未完成完成””表示不定的过去时间状语,如表示不定的过去时间状语,如already, yet, before, recently, just等等频度时间状语,如频度时间状语,如never, ever, once等等包括现在时刻在内的时间状语,如包括现在时刻在内的时间状语,如this morning/month/year..., today等等•二、现在完成进行时•现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成顾名思义,它是由完成时和进行时两个时态合并而成的,因此它有完成时与进行时两个时态的特点,即“完成”和“进行”两种意义•1. “现在完成”意义•表示从过去某时刻开始一直延续到说话时刻刚刚结束的动作,但该动作在某方面与现在仍然有联系•—The rain stops, and we can go out now. •——雨停了,现在我们可以出去了。
•—Great. It has rained for three hours.•——太好了,已经下了三个小时了•2. “进行”意义•表示过去的某动作一直延续到现在,而且还要继续下去•I have been waiting for my mother’s letter.•我一直在等我母亲的来信•三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别区别区别现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时动作的动作的““完成性完成性””可表示反复发生可表示反复发生或刚刚结束的动或刚刚结束的动作作表示持续的、不表示持续的、不间断的动作,侧间断的动作,侧重延续性重延续性谓语动词谓语动词的种类的种类可用状态动词也可用状态动词也可用动作动词可用动作动词只能用动作动词只能用动作动词•Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空•1.We ____________ (be) there three times already.•2.He ____________ (be) out for an hour.•3.The aliens say they come from Zeton and ___________________ (travel) for 2 years.专项训练专项训练have beenhas beenhave been traveling•4.How many times ________ you ________ (swim) in the sea?•5.They _________________ (tour) in Paris for two weeks. They are going back home next week.•6.Jim _________________ (read) a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning and he’ll get through soon.haveswumhave been touringhas been reading•7.They ____________ (visit) this national park twice this month.•8.I _______________ (not be) so delighted since I ____________ (enjoy) myself last time.•9.—Will someone go and get Dr. White?•—He _____ already __________ (send) for.•10.When ________ you ________ (see) him last night?have visitedhave not beenenjoyedhasbeen sentdidseeⅡⅡ.句型转换句型转换1. David has been in our class for more than one year.→→David __________ our class more than one year ________.2..The student said, “The play began 20 minutes ago.”→→The student said, “The play ____________ for 20 minutes.”came toagohas been on•3.My cousin left his hometown after he came back from England.•→My cousin ________________ from his hometown since he came back from England.•4.She married Jerry three months ago.•→She _________________ to Jerry for three months.has been awayhas been married•5.The wellknown basketball player has been dead for several years.•→The wellknown basketball player ________ several years ________. diedago•Ⅲ.单项填空•1. —I ________ so hard recently that I ________ any time for collecting new stamps.•—OK, I’ll ring you up if I have any news.•A.have worked;hadn’t•B.have been working;haven’t had•C.am working;haven’t•D.have been working;hadn’t had•解析:选B。
前面一空表示work这个动作一直在持续,而且还有可能继续下去,后面一空表示最近一直没有时间,用have的现在完成时•2.—Sorry, I’m late.•—That’s OK. I________ long.•A.aren’t waiting•B.don’t wait•C.haven’t been waiting•D.didn’t wait•解析:选C本题指的是wait这个动作从过去的某个时刻开始,一直持续到现在,所以要用现在完成进行时,其他三个时态不能表示该意义•3.You don’t need to describe her. I ________ her several times.•A.had met B.have met •C.met D.meet•解析:选B首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时•4.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting.•—Oh, not at all. I ________ here only a few minutes.•A.have been B.had been•C.was D.will be•解析:选A。
等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时•5.—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?•—No, but we ________ to get in touch with them ever since.•A.have tried B.have been trying•C.had tried D.had been trying•解析:选B因为ever since是“自那以后(直到现在)”之意,常与完成时连用,又根据but可知,现在也还在设法与他们取得联系,所以用现在完成进行时•6.—Haven’t you graduated from college?•—Yes. I ________ French for two years there.•A.study B.studied•C.was studying D.have studied•解析:选B从yes来看,已经毕业了,所以就不在大学了,那么学习这个动作没有延续到现在,所以不能用现在完成时,要用过去时态,表示过去曾经延续过一段时间的动作。
•7.—Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work?•—Yes, that’s why I ________ to work by train.•A.have gone B.have been going•C.was going D.will have gone•解析:选B本句表达的意思是:这就是我最近一直乘火车上班的原因,强调这一阶段一直延续的动作,要用现在完成进行时8..—Who ________ my dictionary?—I don’t know. It ________ on your desk.A..took;;had been B..has taken;;wasC..has taken;;has been D..took;;was解解析析::选选B从从对对话话的的语语境境来来看看,,字字典典明明显显不不在在桌桌子子上上,,不不在在的的原原因因是是take这这个个发发生生在在过过去去动动作作所所造造成成的的影影响响,,所所以以第第一一空空用用现现在在完完成成时时;那那么么下下文文的的答答语语应应该该表表示示::它它原原来来是是在在桌桌子子上上的,为说话之前的状态,用一般过去时。
的,为说话之前的状态,用一般过去时•9.—Sorry. I ________ to post the letter for you.•—Not at all. I ________ it myself.•A.forgot;will post•B.have forgotten;will post•C.forgot;am going to post•D.had forgotten;am going to post•解析:选B对话的时候想起把寄信这件事情忘了,表示此时的结果,用现在完成时;这时再去寄,是临时决定要做的事情,要用单纯的将来,即will do,而不能用be going to的将来,因为be going to的将来表示原先打算好的•10.(2011·高考天津卷)In the last few years thousands of films ________ all over the world.•A.have produced B.have been produced•C.are producing D.are being produced•解析:选B句意:在过去的几年里,全世界已经制作了几千部电影。
in the last/past few years(在过去的几年里)通常与现在完成时连用;另外,根据句意及句子结构可知:此句为被动含义,所以用现在完成时态的被动语态形式。












