中考完形填空专题.ppt
39页
解题策略解题策略 “完形填空完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型它结合了单项选择题和短文型题型它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查填空的优点，既考查词语搭配词语搭配、、近义近义词辨异词辨异、、动词时态动词时态、、句型结构句型结构、、复合复合句的关联句的关联和和习惯用法习惯用法等，又考查了等，又考查了逻逻辑推理辑推理和和事理推断能力事理推断能力 Ⅰ.“完形填空完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有：题要求填入的词主要有： 1．语法结构所要求的功能词如：连接词，连．语法结构所要求的功能词如：连接词，连接代词，连接副接代词，连接副 词，关系代词，关系副词等词，关系代词，关系副词等 2．具有语法变化的普通词如：动词的时态、．具有语法变化的普通词如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等 3．固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词．固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词 4．同义词、近义词等易混淆词．同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5．根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词．根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词 Ⅱ.“完形填空完形填空”题的考查目的：题的考查目的： 1．考查同学们阅读理解能力．考查同学们阅读理解能力 2．考查同学们语法知识．考查同学们语法知识 3．考查同学们综合运用英语知识．考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力的水平和实践能力 Ⅲ.“完形填空完形填空”题解题的主要思路有：题解题的主要思路有： 1．通读全文，领悟大意．通读全文，领悟大意 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意就尤为重此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意就尤为重要很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看要很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句文章不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的 【【例例1】】 (2011嘉兴、舟山嘉兴、舟山)IMAGINE a life without arms or legs! You can’t hold anyone in your 26 . You can’t walk anywhere with your feet. How would you last a day like that? Would you 27 at yourself in the mirror like Nick Vujicic, the 29yearold Australian? ( )26. A. arms B. ears C. eyes D. teeth ( )27. A. laugh B. cry C. smile D. shout 答案 答案 26.A 27.C 解析：从首句可获取解析：从首句可获取26题答案为题答案为A；；然而要想获取然而要想获取27题答案需通读全文题答案需通读全文才可获知：才可获知：Nick Vujicic是微笑着面是微笑着面对生活。
故此处为：你会像对生活故此处为：你会像Nick Vujicic那样微笑着面对镜子里的自那样微笑着面对镜子里的自己吗？故己吗？故27题选题选C 2．重视首句获信息．重视首句获信息 重视首句、突破首句重视首句、突破首句完形填空题所完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的示短文的中心内容中心内容或提供故事发生的或提供故事发生的时时间间、、地点地点、、背景背景等 【【例例2】】 At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old people’s 1 and sang songs and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 I’m older，，so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week. ( )1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river( )2. A. us B. them C. him D. her( )3. A. great B. angry C. smart D. happy( )4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build( )5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find( )6. A. how B. when C. where D. why( )7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay答案 答案 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.A 解析：首句解析：首句At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。
有助于我是帮助别人献爱心的日子有助于我们理解全文，甚至让我们毫不犹豫地们理解全文，甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认第确认第1题应填单词题应填单词home. 3. 运用短语搭配及固定句式运用短语搭配及固定句式【【例例3】】 (2011温州温州)Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Christmas paper and ribbons, and 21 “To Bobbie, From Father Christmas” on it. A. read B. say C. write D. spell解析：动词解析：动词write与下文与下文on it搭配意为搭配意为“在上在上面写下面写下……” ◎◎即学即用即学即用1：：( )(1)Anyway, those strange characters brought happiness back ________ his heart. A. for B. with C. into D. by( )(2)Many young people end up in a job because they are not ________ for it. A. suitable B. fitted C. able D. like( )(3)There is a difference ________ an interest and a skill. A. both B. between C. from D. eitherCAB 4. 运用语法知识运用语法知识【【例例4】】 (2011温州温州)I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat ________ he would like. A. where B. that C. who D. why 解析：此题考查学生对定语从句的运用。
先行解析：此题考查学生对定语从句的运用先行词词a red warm coat指物，关系代词须用指物，关系代词须用that或或which 故选故选B ◎◎即学即用即学即用2：：( )(1)He sat right behind me ________ Mrs. Pollack’s class. A. for B. on C. in D. with( )(2)His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough, ________ we all knew that he didn’t have a cough, and he didn’t have a coat. A. so B. if C. but D. andCC 5. 运用词语辨析，选择判断运用词语辨析，选择判断 此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个此类题的特点是选项中所给的四个词词性相同、词义相同或相近。
主要词词性相同、词义相同或相近主要考查学生在具体语言环境中对所学词考查学生在具体语言环境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力汇的辨析和运用能力 【【例例5】】 (2011温州温州)Then she drove me over to Bobbie’s house, telling that I was helping Father Christmas ________ the presents. A. give up B. give away C. put up D. put off解析：解析：give up放弃，放弃，give away赠送，赠送，put up张张贴，贴，put off推迟give away the presents赠送礼物赠送礼物”符合逻辑故选符合逻辑 ◎◎即学即用即学即用3：：( )(1)I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down ________ the door, rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of... A. on B. behind C. outside D. over( )(2)he looked ________ the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins.... A. for B. after C. into D. aroundCC ( )(3)When I was about 12 years old, I really wanted a new bike! I________ my parents my birthday wish, ... A. talked B. spoke C. said D. toldD 6. 全面考虑定选项全面考虑定选项 完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的暗示及关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的暗示及线索线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等社会文化线索、上下文线索等)，对文章的情节进行，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。
间的关系，确定正确的答案 注意：有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明注意：有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现 (1)运用词汇复现，选择判断运用词汇复现，选择判断 复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同词根复现、概括词复现等词复现、同词根复现、概括词复现等完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的复完形填空中，考生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确的表达方式现信息，确定正确的表达方式 ①①原词复现原词复现 为了表达的需求，有时为了表达的需求，有时在上下文同一概念会重复出现考生可在上下文同一概念会重复出现考生可以借助上下文中的这一信息选择答案以借助上下文中的这一信息选择答案 【【例例6】】 (2010 温州温州)Grandma handed me ten dollars and said, “Take the ________ and buy something for someone who needs it... For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, ... A. book B. coat C. present D. money 解析：本题属于原词复现题。
由下文解析：本题属于原词复现题由下文“holding the money我拿着钱我拿着钱”可知此处应填可知此处应填入入money ◎◎即学即用即学即用4：：( )(1)Grandma parked the car along the street, and we hid behind the trees near Bobbie’s house... I took a deep breath, rushed to his front door, put the present down...rang the doorbell and flew back to the safety of the ________ and Grandma. (2011温州温州) A. shop B. cars C. door D. treesD ( )(2)...“I forget to put this note in it，，” she said....When Molly put her arms around her father’s neck, he opened the ________ that read: “I love you, Daddy.” A. card B. letter C. note D. book C ②②同义词、近义词、反义词复现同义词、近义词、反义词复现。
同义词、近义词、反义词复现是借助同义词、近义词、反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式，意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连或解释性的语言使上下文语意得以连贯起来做完形填空时，考生应注意贯起来做完形填空时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言分析上下文中出现的解释性语言 【【例例7】】 (2010 温州温州) ...I ran to my grandmother’s house, for she always told the truth. Grandma was at home. I told ________ everything. “No Father Christmas？？”... A. him B. her C. them D. you 解析：本题属于近义词复现上文：我向奶奶家解析：本题属于近义词复现上文：我向奶奶家跑去，奶奶在家可判断我告诉她跑去，奶奶在家可判断我告诉她her一切故选选B ◎◎即学即用即学即用5：：( )(1)I thought of ________ I knew: my family, my friends, my neighbors... A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody( )(2)This one didn’t look so good. It was ________ and was held together with tape(胶带胶带) A. nice B. old C. empty D. expensiveAB ③③同源词复现同源词复现【【例例8】】 (2011台州台州)It was Molly’s job to hand her father his paper lunch bag each morning before he went to work. One morning, beside his usual lunch bag, Molly ________ him a second paper bag. A. handed B. asked C. helped D. bought解析：本题属于同源词复现。
根据上文中的解析：本题属于同源词复现根据上文中的“hand her father his paper lunch bag递给她爸爸午餐袋递给她爸爸午餐袋”，可判断，可判断handed为正确答案故选为正确答案 ◎◎即学即用即学即用6：：( )The busy father smiled, finished eating and ________ away the bags, dolls and stones. ...he had thrown them into the trash can(垃圾垃圾箱箱) ... A. gave B. put C. ran D. threw D (2)对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，选择判断对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，选择判断例例9】】 (2011温州温州)Bobbie ________ went to any party during the winter. His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough，，...we all knew that he didn’t have a cough, and he didn’t have a coat. ... A. always B. often C. sometime D. never 解析：本题考查根据上下文理解，进行推理。
根据下文：他解析：本题考查根据上下文理解，进行推理根据下文：他妈妈总是写纸条告诉老师他咳嗽，妈妈总是写纸条告诉老师他咳嗽，……我们都知道他没咳嗽，我们都知道他没咳嗽，我们也知道他没有大衣判断：整个冬天他从未参加任何晚我们也知道他没有大衣判断：整个冬天他从未参加任何晚会 ◎◎即学即用即学即用7：：( )(1)“No Father Christmas？？” she was a little ________. “Don’t believe it. Put on your coat, and let’s go.” A. angry B. happy C. tired D. afraid( )(2)Grandma told me Father Christmas never let people know that he ________them. A. helped B. believed C . taught D. madeAA (3)抓住含有关键信息的词语，选择判断。
抓住含有关键信息的词语，选择判断例例10】】 (2011台州台州)．．..he looked into the second old bag: two small dolls, three small stones coins... ... ...Those are the ________ I really love... A. foods B. places C. people D. collections解析：本题由上文中解析：本题由上文中“two small dolls, three small stones coins两个小布娃娃，三个小石子两个小布娃娃，三个小石子可知可知这是这是collections收藏故选收藏 ◎◎即学即用即学即用8：：( )(1)For a few seconds I just stood there, holding the money, wondering ________ to buy, and who to buy it for.I decided to buy Bobbie a red warm coat.(2011温州温州) A. what B. when C. where D. howA ( )(2)I suddenly thought of Bobbie Decker, a ________ with bad and messy hair. He sat right behind me in Mrs. Pollack’s class。
A. girl B. boy C. man D. woman( )(3)That when they were having supper, ... A. morning B. noon C. evening D. midnightBC 7．复读全文检验答案．复读全文检验答案 把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍甚至多遍)，逐一检查、，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项 很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率正确做法应是：四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。
正确做法应是： 顺藤摸瓜顺藤摸瓜，，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句 瞻前顾后瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找 顾全大局顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话 认清细节认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题比如考固定搭配的题 总之要想成功突破完形填空必需做总之要想成功突破完形填空必需做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞读检查，补漏洞 Thank you! Do you have a plan for your future? Our country has its plan. It sells what China hopes to __1__ in next five years.The plan promises higher pay, better education and __2__ pollution by 2010. If the promises all come true, Chinese people’s __3__ will change a lot.__4__ the plan, people in the country will benefit a lot. For example, the government will __5__ safe drinking water to 100 million countryside people in 2010. __6__ roads will be built to connect all towns and villages. So people living in the rural areas will soon drink running water__7__dirty well water.As the plan describe, China will make steps forward in science. China spacemen will land on the __8__. China might build its own big planes. If you go to university __9__ air in 2010, you will probably find that the plane is not from Boeing (波音波音) or Air Bus. It’s made in__10__. ( ) 1. A. be B. do C. make D. have( ) 2. A. more B. little C. less D. fewer( ) 3. A. life B. house C. clothes D. food( ) 4. A. In order to B. According to C. So far D. As for( ) 5. A. offer B. take C. bring D. carry( ) 6. A. Far B. High C. Low D. Broad( ) 7. A. in front of B. because of C. instead of D. tired( ) 8. A. North Pole B. moon C. earth D. sun( ) 9. A. through B. on C. with D. by( ) 10. A. Europe B. America C. China D. France 。
