
宾语从句讲解及练习.docx
11页本文格式为Word版,下载可任意编辑宾语从句讲解及练习 宾语从句 复习目标:1、掌管引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌管宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌管宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的响应 重点:语序和时态响应 难点:语序和时态响应;疑问词+不定式的转化;状语从句的辨析 一、 宾语从句的连接词: 1、 连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在 口语中常被省略 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、 连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否” 解,在口语中多用if eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般处境下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种处境只能用whether: ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how, 它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【留神】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”布局转化 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. ? I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要留神区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、 宾语从句的语序: 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”更加强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装布局 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(斟酌: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要留神人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” ? She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要留神人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. ? I asked him where the tickets are. 三、 宾语从句的时态响应: 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,往往受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态响应假设主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;假设主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去举行时、过去将来时、过去完成时) eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √) 【留神】当宾语从句表达的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四、 其他需要说明的问题: 1、 标点由主句抉择,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,那么用句号;是疑问句那么用 问号 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2、 要留神个别句子中主从句人称的一致 五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分: eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句整个句子的意思是假设明每日气好,我就出去句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达 判断方法: 1、 可以从整个句式看状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、 从引导词看if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“假设”when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当??的时候” 3、 从时态看if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要留神:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化if和when充当附属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,那么从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来 实战演练 一、例题选讲 例1 I don’t know ________ he will come or not. A. how C. weather B. whether D. when 答案: B 提示: 在宾语从句中展现了or not,这里只能用whether 其次题答案为B,根据题意问他们何时回来,所以要用when A. where C. which B. when D. who 例2 Can you tell me ________they will come back? 答案: B 提示: 根据题意问他们何时回来,所以要用when。
例3 Have you seen the doctor? He asked me. (两句并一句) 答案: He asked me if / whether I had seen a doctor 提示: 是一般疑问句,连接词应为if / whether 例4 How can we get to the science museum? Could you tell us?(两句并一句) 答案: Could you tell me how we can get to the science museum? 提示: 特殊疑问句,连接词就是它本身的特殊疑问词how,将情态动词 can放在主语me之后,时态运用取决于主句主句could you tell me是委婉语气,是一般现在时,所以从句是什么时态就用什么时态 直接引语变间接引语 一、如何变人称: 直接引语变间接引语时,假设从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. \her. “直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是其次人称。
或被其次人你所修饰从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致假设引号外的主句没有宾语也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate. \your sister now?\ “直接引语变间接引语时假设从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said 二、如何变时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整假设主句谓语动词为现在范畴的时态或一般将来时,那么间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态假设主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按以下变化: (1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (2) 现在举行时变为过去举行时 (3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 (4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 (5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时 (6) 过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时 要留神在以下几种处境: (1) 假设直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时如: The teacher said \→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. (2)直接引语中有概括的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
如: He said to me, \→He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)假设直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时如: He said, \ →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4) 直接引语假设是一般现在时表示一种反复展现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语时,时态不变如: The girl said, \ →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)假设直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只变更主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时那么不变如: He said to me, \→He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)假设直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的变更。
例如: The teacher said to me . \ →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , \ →He said that he could swim when he was only six. (7) 直接引语是过去举行时,时态不变如: Jack said. \John where he was going when he。












