Ralph-Waldo-Emerson-and-Nature.ppt

Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生(1803-1882) 组员：应英083班 李飞燕 李尤银 周 妍 罗健华 费静文2021/6/71Emersons Early Life Born on Election Day in 1803 in Boston, MA. Born on the same street as the birth home of Benjamin Franklin. Father was a famous minister who encouraged young Ralph to pursue philosophy at a young age.2021/6/72Early Trials Father passes away at age 8 and Emerson is left to support his four other brothers. Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save finances. Despite the hardships, all the Emerson boys, except one, graduated from Harvard University.2021/6/73Teacher and Priest After graduation, Emerson became a school teacher in suburban Boston. 1823 graduated from seminary school and became a priest to follow in the footsteps of his father.2021/6/74Introduction to Transcendental Thought In 1831 makes his first trip to England where he meets poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth who introduce him to Romantic notions of nature and philosophy.2021/6/75Transcendentalist PhilosopherReturns to Concord, MA in 1835 and writes his first important work Nature which describes how humans find God within nature:“In the woods is perpetual youth In the woods we return to reason and faith.” 2021/6/76Famous Lecturer Emerson went on to become a famous lecturer sharing his transcendental philosophy throughout the country. Among his quotable phrases: “Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.” “To be great is to be misunderstood.”2021/6/77Late Life and Death Upset in the 1860s by the coming of the Civil War, lived a quiet life with his family. His house burnt to the ground in 1872. Died on April 27th, 1882.2021/6/78Major Works Nature (1836) The American Scholar (1837) Self-Reliance (1841) The Over-Soul (1841) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856) His poems appeared in 1847.2021/6/79 He believed in individualism, independence of mind, and self-reliance. In 1836, his first work, Nature (论自然) was published , which epitomized the main doctrines of his philosophy, his theories and his belief in the progress of man and society.2021/6/710COMMENTS: In his book, we can feel that he regarded nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. Philosophically considered, Emerson thought that the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul. In addition, he paid much attention to the status and role of human beings as well.2021/6/711 In Chapter One, Emerson elaborated the rich meaning of nature. In his eyes, nature was the embodiment of human spirits. “To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society”. He set up a claim to support self-cultivation and thought only when human beings were alone and stayed in solitude that their inherent talents could be brought to full play .2021/6/712 “Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.” This was a famous sentence which illustrated the harmony between nature and human beings. This thought was the main part of romanticism and the key point of the book Nature. Nature always wore the colors of the spirit. Moreover, nature was the symbol of spirit. 2021/6/713 CHAPTER ONE 自然参考翻译：走入孤独，远离书斋，如同远离社会一样重要。

纵然无人在我身旁，当我读书或写作时，并非独处一隅如果一个人渴望独处，就请他注目于星辰吧那从天界下行的光芒，使人们得以出离可触摸的现世可以这样说，我们假想，大气之所以透明，就是为了让人们看到天国的灿烂光芒从普通城市的街道向上看，它们是如此深邃伟岸假如星辰千年一现，人类关于上帝之城的记忆，必将世代相传，为人们长久地信仰着，珍存着，崇拜着然而，每一晚，这些美的使者都会降临，以它们无可置疑的微笑，照亮宇宙 星辰唤醒心中的景仰，即使它们常在，也遥远而不可触摸；而当思想敞开心门，自然景物总会留下熟稔而亲切的印迹 自然永无恶意可憎的容颜如同大智慧者不会因穷尽自然的和谐底蕴而失去对她的好奇之心自然之于智慧的心灵绝非玩具 花朵，动物，群山，它们折射着智者思维的灵光，如同它们娱乐了他纯真的童年 当我们这样谈论自然时，我们的心灵感觉，清晰独特，诗意盎然我们在感觉着多面的自然客体和谐完整的映像正是这映像区分了伐木工手中的圆木与诗人心中的树木 今晨我看到那令人愉悦的风景，它们无疑是由二十到三十个农场组成 米勒拥有这片地，洛克有那片，而曼宁是那片树林的主人 2021/6/714 但是他们都不能占有这片风景只有诗人的双眼可以拥有这地平线，这是他们农场中最可贵的，却无人能凭产权而据为己有。

说真话，成年人难得看到自然本身多数人看不到太阳，至少，他们所见只是浮光略影阳光只照亮了成人的双眼所见，却照进儿童的眼睛和心灵深处自然的热爱者，内向和外向的感觉尚能和谐的相应，他尚能在成年时保有婴儿的心灵与天地的交汇成为必需，就如每日的食物一样自然当前时，奔腾的喜悦传便他全身，尽管可能他正身处现实的苦境他是我的造物，抿灭他无关紧要的悲伤，与我同在他应欢悦，自然向他如是说不仅阳光和夏天带来欢跃，四季的每一时分都奉献出愉悦；自然变化的每一时晨无不如是 从懊热的午后到漆黑的子夜，四季早晚的嬗变对应并验证着人们不同的精神状态自然既可是悲剧的，也可以是喜剧的背景身体康健时，空气就是让人难以置信的补剂甜酿越过空旷的公地，停留深雪潭边，注目晨昏曦微光芒，在满布乌云的天空下，并非出于特别的当头好运，我享受了完美无缺的欣喜我欣喜以至有些胆怯在树林里也是一样，人们抖落岁月如蛇脱旧皮，无论身处生命的哪一阶段，都会心如孩童在森林中，有永恒的青春在上帝的庄园里， 气派和圣洁是主宰，四季的庆典准备就绪，客人们居此千年也不会厌倦在森林里，我们回归理性和信仰，在那里，任何不幸不会降临于我的生命，没有任何屈辱和灾病-请留下我的双眼-是自然无法平复的。

2021/6/715 站在空旷大地之上，我的头脑沐浴于欢欣大气并升腾于无限空间，一切卑劣的自高自大和自我中心消失无踪我变成一个透明的眼球，我化为乌有，我却遍览一切；宇宙精神的湍流环绕激荡着我我成为上帝的一部分，我是他的微粒密友的名字听起来陌生而无足轻重，兄弟，朋友，主人或仆从，这一切变得细碎而搅扰我是不受拘束永恒不朽自然之美的情人与街市和村庄相比，在旷野里，我体味到更亲切更可贵的实在在静谧的风景里，尤其是在那遥远的地平线，我们看到自然美丽有如我们美丽自身和本性 田野和树林带给我们心灵的巨大欢悦，指说着人类和植物的隐密关连我并非独在而不受关注，植物向我颔首，我向它们点头风雨中树枝摇动对我是既新鲜又熟稔它令我惊异又让我安然它们对于我的影响，就如同我确信自我思维妥贴所为正当时，全身涌起的超越而高尚的感情 然而，可以肯定地说，这欢悦的力量不仅源于自然本身，它存在于人，或者说，存在于自然和人的和谐中要谨慎节制地享有这种欢悦，这很重要自然并不总悦人以节日盛装，昨。