从职能治疗历史看职能治疗的定义精.ppt

從職能治療歷史看職能治療的定義健照所二年級TA8951092周映君職能治療(Occupational Therapy)§Occupation? An activity or task with which one occupies oneself http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupation WFOT Occupational therapy is a profession concerned Occupational therapy is a profession concerned with promoting with promoting healthhealth and and well beingwell being through through occupationoccupation. The primary goal of occupational . The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists achieve this outcome by enabling people to do achieve this outcome by enabling people to do things that will enhance their ability to participate things that will enhance their ability to participate or by modifying the environment to better support or by modifying the environment to better support participation.participation.http://http://www.wfot.org/information.asp?idwww.wfot.org/information.asp?id=2=2 AOTA Occupational therapy is skilled treatment that helps individuals achieve independence in all facets of their lives. Occupational therapy assists people in developing the “skills for the job of living” necessary for independent and satisfying lives. http://http://www.aota.org/Consumers/WhatisOT.aspxwww.aota.org/Consumers/WhatisOT.aspx台灣職能治療學會 職能治療的職能治療的目的目的在協助個案能夠選擇在協助個案能夠選擇、、、、安排與執行安排與執行日常的職能活動日常的職能活動，，，，進而提昇其生活品質進而提昇其生活品質。

職能治療職能治療的的對象對象包括因生理包括因生理、、、、心理及社會功能障礙心理及社會功能障礙、、、、發展遲發展遲緩緩、、、、學習障礙學習障礙、、、、老化或社會文化環境不利等因素而老化或社會文化環境不利等因素而導致執行個人的活動或參與社會的能力受限者導致執行個人的活動或參與社會的能力受限者職職能治療專業人員應用能治療專業人員應用職能科學與理論及活動分析職能科學與理論及活動分析，，，，來瞭解影響個案職能表現的原因來瞭解影響個案職能表現的原因；；；；針對個案的生理針對個案的生理、、、、心理及社會功能予以訓練心理及社會功能予以訓練、、、、提昇提昇，，，，同時並運用環境同時並運用環境改造改造、、、、副木及輔助用具副木及輔助用具、、、、工作簡化工作簡化、、、、以及工作強化以及工作強化等方法等方法，，，，來幫助個案能夠執行有意義的日常活動來幫助個案能夠執行有意義的日常活動，，，，以維持其身心功能以維持其身心功能，，，，並預防功能之退化並預防功能之退化，，，，讓每個人讓每個人都能夠過著有品質的生活都能夠過著有品質的生活http://www.ot-roc.org.tw/otstd/ot_difinition.htmhttp://www.ot-roc.org.tw/otstd/ot_difinition.htmA Look Back in History§1818世紀末到世紀末到1919世紀初世紀初: :Moral treatment Moral treatment movementmovement PinelPinelWilliam William TukeTuke§2020世紀初期世紀初期: Civil War: Civil War§Moral treatment almost Moral treatment almost extinctextinct§New modes of New modes of communication, communication, transportation, and transportation, and machines change the machines change the pace of everyday lifepace of everyday life§Tool and machine Tool and machine using using handshandsA Look Back in History§1910: Susan Tracy wrote the first book about occupation (Studies in invalid occupations: A manual for nurse and attendants)§1917: National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (AOTA)A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in HistoryDunton’s Principles of OT§ §Any activity should have a cure as its objective.Any activity should have a cure as its objective.§ §The activity should be interesting.The activity should be interesting.§ §There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patient’s attention and interest. the patient’s attention and interest. § §The activity should preferably lead to an increase in The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient’s part.knowledge on the patient’s part.§ §Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group.Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group.§ §The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.through activity.§ §Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.§ §Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated.Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated.§ §Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is useless.useless.Adolph Meyer§Holistic perspective§The keynote he delivered in the fifth annual meeting established the philosophical base of OT§“There are many…rhythms which we must be “There are many…rhythms which we must be attuned to : the larger rhythms of night and day, attuned to : the larger rhythms of night and day, of sleep and waking hours… and finally the big of sleep and waking hours… and finally the big four -four - work and play and rest and sleep work and play and rest and sleep, which , which our organism must be able to balance even our organism must be able to balance even under difficulty. The only way to attain balance under difficulty. The only way to attain balance in all this is in all this is actual doing, actual practice,actual doing, actual practice, a a program of wholesome living as the basis of program of wholesome living as the basis of wholesome feeling and thinking and fancy and wholesome feeling and thinking and fancy and interests”.interests”.Adolph Meyer§World War I§Reconstruction Reconstruction aidesaides§RehabilitationRehabilitation§Physical Physical disabilitiesdisabilities(Depression slows (Depression slows development)development)A Look Back in History§World War II§Created new demand for Created new demand for more OT practitioners.more OT practitioners.§正式被視為主要復健服務正式被視為主要復健服務並納入軍方編制並納入軍方編制。

A Look Back in HistoryA Look Back in History§Post World War II§New drug and New drug and technologytechnology( (DeinstitutionDeinstitution plan) plan)(Community mental (Community mental health programs)health programs)§Effect of legislationEffect of legislation§1960:Specialization台灣職能治療史§民國民國3434年（省立錫口療養院）、民國年（省立錫口療養院）、民國3838年年（仁濟療養院）：護士或技術員（仁濟療養院）：護士或技術員§民國民國4343年陸軍年陸軍831831醫院：職業治療科醫院：職業治療科§民國民國4444年台大精神科：護士指導手工藝和年台大精神科：護士指導手工藝和娛樂娛樂§民國民國4545年台大醫院成立作業治療部年台大醫院成立作業治療部§民國民國5656年振興復健中心及台大醫院開始小年振興復健中心及台大醫院開始小兒麻痺、中風及脊髓損傷之職能治療兒麻痺、中風及脊髓損傷之職能治療§民國57年馬偕、榮總：作業治療§職能治療人才培育：台大（民59）、中山（民77）、高醫（民78）、成大（民79）、長庚（民82）、義守、（民92）、輔仁（民93）§民國62年推動立法，民國86年通過立法§民國75年加入WFOT台灣職能治療史OT的定義？的定義？§台灣職能治療學會§WFOT§AOTA§目前我自己對OT的定義Thank you for your listening!!。