高三英语一轮复习(自主复习+考点演练+真题集训)语法篇 词类 第1节 冠词课件.ppt
51页第一节 冠 词 (2)考点一:冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指考点一:冠词的泛指、特指、类指、专指泛指是指首次提到的不限定的人或事物特指是指在上文中已提到的人或事物,或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物,也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别专指是指类别中的一员或一部分具体事物1.冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法归纳2.普通名词使用冠词表类指的用法及区别(1)a/an+单数名词、the+单数名词、零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词时,都可表类指,但也有区别: ①“the+单数名词”指的是整个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的如:The car goes faster than the bike.汽车比自行车快②“a/an+单数名词”侧重于指类别中任何一个个体的特点如:A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across.老虎是一种大而凶猛的猫科动物,毛发是黄黑相间的③“零冠词+复数名词/不可数名词”侧重于指类别中的许多个体。
如:Farmers are busy in autumn.农民秋天很忙注意:在类指时,如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定如:The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.虎有灭绝的危险(2)the+形容词或分词,有时也可以表示类指如:the dying 垂死的人the unknown未知的事物the deaf 聋子the old 老人the dead 死者注意:这种表类指的结构表示的是复数概念,如作主语,谓语动词的数应与之相应(3)民族词汇的冠词类指用法是在民族词汇前加the如:The Chinese are hardworking.中国人民是勤劳的有些民族词汇有两种复数形式,如:English,Englishmen;French,Frenchmen等在这种情况下,the English表示类指,the Englishmen既可以表示类指,也可以表示专指又如:The French/Frenchmen are romantic.法国人很浪漫类指)The Frenchmen are playing tennis now.那些法国人在打网球。
专指)考点二:定冠词的用法考点二:定冠词的用法1.用在可数名词单数前,表示类别如:The horse is a kind of useful animal.马是有用的动物The telephone was invented by Green Bell.是格林·贝尔发明的2.表示上文提到过的人或物如:I bought a book yesterday. The book is very interesting.昨天我买了一本书,这本书很有趣I saw a little girl. The girl is my uncle's daughter.我看见了一个小女孩,这个女孩是我叔叔的女儿3.表示说话人和听话人都知道的人或物如:Give me the book,please.请给我那本书Close the window,please.请关上窗户4.用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前如:the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮the sky 天空 the earth 地球5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前如:He was the first to speak against slavery.他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。
He is the tallest in his class.他的身高是班上最高的6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛等名词前如:the United Nations 联合国the Middle Ages 中世纪the Qing Dynasty 清朝the Pacific Ocean太平洋the United States 美国the Summer Palace 颐和园7.用在表示方位或西洋乐器的名词前如:the east 东方 the southwest 西南the piano/guitar 钢琴/吉他8.用在某些形容词或过去分词前,使之名词化,用以表示一类人如:the poor穷人 the rich 富人the living 活着的人 the young 年轻人the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员9.用在姓氏的复数前,表示“夫妇二人”或“全家”如:The Greens live a happy life.格林一家过着幸福的生活10.用在年份的复数名词前,指某世纪的某个年代如:in the 1980s/1980's 在20世纪80年代in the middle of the 80s/80's 在80年代中期比较:in one's eighties 在某人八十几岁时11.关于定冠词的一些固定搭配:(1)与时间、地点有关:in the morning 在早晨in the end 最后on the right 在右边the next morning 第二天早上go to the cinema 去看电影all the year round 全年at the same time 同时on the other hand 另一方面the other day 不久前的某天in the distance 在远处for the time being 暂时at the moment 此刻in the way 挡道out of the question 不可能by the way 顺便说一下make the most of 充分利用in the daytime 在白天by the day 按天in the habit of 习惯not in the least(not at all) 一点也不on the whole 总的来说go to the doctor's 去看医生on the radio/phone(无线电)广播/在通话on the spot 在现场to tell the truth 说老实话(2)在句型“动词十人十介词+the+人体部位”中,要用the。
如:take sb. by the arm/hand 抓住某人的手臂/手pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩(3)其他搭配,如:be red in the face 脸红be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸be blind in the left eye 左眼瞎(4)定冠词的特殊位置:在名词词组中,定冠词一般放在最前面,但名词词组中如果有exactly,just,half,double,twice,all,both,off等修饰时,定冠词要放在这些词后面如:exactly the same color 相同的颜色just the right place 就是这个地方half the story 故事的一半double the amount 双倍的数量考点三:不定冠词的用法考点三:不定冠词的用法1.基本用法(1)泛指某人某物 an honest boy(2)表同类中的任何一个 Even a child can answer this question.(3)表“一个”(=one) The plan will be ready in a week.(4)表“每一”(=every)(5)表“一种、一份、一件”等,使抽象名词具体化。
2.不定冠词的特殊位置:quite/rather+a/an(+adj.)+单数名词;what/such/half+a/an+单数名词;rather/so/as/too/how/however+adj. +a/an+单数名词;many a/an+单数名词;not a/an+单数名词如:He is quite a kind guy.他是一个相当好的人He will be back in half an hour.他半小时以后回来He is as great a man as ever lived.他和世上的伟人一样伟大However clever a student he is, he should follow the teacher's instructions now.无论这位学生多聪明,他现在都要听老师的话3.不定冠词的习惯搭配:have a cold; have a good/happy time; have a gift for; have a word with; keep a diary; in a hurry; once in a while; at a loss; for a while; once upon a time; all of a sudden; tell a lie; do sb. a favor; get an education; at a mouthful; at a distance; have a population of; a waste of; a collection of; a matter of等。
如:The picture looks beautiful at a distance.保持一定距离,这幅画看上去很漂亮He was at a loss at the news.听到这个消息他不知所措Tom, I want to have a talk with you.汤姆,我想和你谈谈考点四:零冠词的用法考点四:零冠词的用法1.不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指,用零冠词如:Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.父亲去了医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in the thirteenth century.在马可·波罗13世纪来中国时,中国人已经使用纸币了2.请牢记下列用零冠词的口诀月、季、星期、节假、洲,呼语、头衔、职务前;三餐、球类、惯用语,学科、棋类名词前但这种用法是相对而言的,在不同的句子中,可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词如:He has no lessons on Sundays.他周日没有课。
Mr. Li is chairman of the meeting.李先生是本次会议的主席呼语、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语时用零冠词)have lunch 吃中餐 play basketball 打篮球play chess 下象棋 watch TV 看电视A year can be divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.一年可分为四个季节:春,夏,秋,冬The organization was founded in the autumn of 2005.这个组织成立于2005年秋How do you like the lunch?你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?3.系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语,用零冠词如:Has he turned scientist? 他成为科学家了吗?4.“零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语”,意为“虽然/尽管……但是……”如:Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.虽然他是英雄,但他也有缺点Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.他虽然年轻,却已见过许多世面。
5.在独立主格结构的某一形式中如:The little girl is very happy, flower on head(= with a flower on her head).那个小女孩头上戴着一朵花,她非常高兴The old man sat on the chair, pipe in mouth(= with a pipe in his mouth).老人坐在椅子上,嘴里叼着烟斗6.牢记高考中常见的不可数名词,它们是:weather, fun, space, advice, word(= news), progress, information, news, 以上不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用如:Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.7.西洋乐器名称前往往用定冠词,但是当此类名词作普通名词时,可以与不定冠词连用此外,中国乐器名称前不用冠词,如erhu(二胡)8.与零冠词连用的短语pen and ink 笔墨master and servant 主仆on second thoughts 再三考虑come to light 显露,暴露come to power(= take office) 就职,上任give birth to 生产,生育in case of 万一,假设come/rank first 先来/名列第一in danger/public 处于危险之中/当众in use在使用中in debt 负债under repair 在修理中husband and wife 夫妇father and son 父子sun and moon 日月from morning till night 从早到晚by weight 按重量by mistake 弄错in place of 代替by law 根据法律at war 交战on board 在船上side by side/shoulder to shoulder 并排/并肩ahead of time 提前day and night 日夜 hand in hand 携手every few days 每隔几天face to face 面对面arm in arm 臂挽臂at noon/dawn/daybreak/dusk/night/midnight在中午/在黎明/破晓时/傍晚/夜间/午夜out of work/order/control/date/patience/mind/money/reach/breath/danger失业/次序颠倒,不整齐,乱套/失控/过时/不耐烦/发疯/没钱了/够不着/上气不接下气/脱离危险考点五:冠词易混点考点五:冠词易混点1.抽象名词具体化时,被具体化的名词与a/an连用。
如:a heavy rain 一场大雨a surprise 一件怪事a pleasure 一件乐事a success/failure 一个成功的/失败的人,一件成功的/失败的事a pressure 一种压力/紧迫感a concern 一件令人关切的事an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历His new book was a great success.他的新书获得了巨大成功Oh,John. What a pleasant surprise you give us!噢,约翰,你给了我们一个多么大的惊喜!2.形容词比较级前用定冠词表示“两者当中较……的”,而形容词比较级前用不定冠词,表示“再/更……”形容词最高级前用定冠词表示“三者或三者以上中最……的”;形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示程度高,“十分”、“非常”之意,相当于“very”,并无比较含义如:Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?加拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time at school.如果没有考试,我们在学校会更快乐。
He is the most diligent student in this class.他是这个班中最勤奋的学生It is a most useful(=a very useful) book.那是一本非常有用的书3.“the+序数词”表示排序,“a/an+序数词”表示“又一,再一”;序数词修饰动词事实上已成为副词,这时要用零冠词如:Mr. Wang's office is on the fifth floor.王先生的办公室在5楼Can you give me a second chance(=another chance), please? 再给我一次机会好吗?He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.当我第一次见到他时,他只有5岁4.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词,前面一般加定冠词,但如果此类名词有修饰成分,也可能加a/an如:all over the world 遍及世界a peaceful world 一个和平的世界考点六:有无冠词的词组辨析考点六:有无冠词的词组辨析。





