《新概念英语》第二册语法精粹.pdf

《 新概念英语第二册》语法精粹一、冠词 The Article知识要点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义冠词分不定冠词( The Indefinite Article)和定冠词( The definite Article)两种a (an)是不定冠词，a 用在辅音之前：如 a book, a man; an用在元音之前 ，如 ：an old man, an hour, an interesting book 等the 是定冠词一、不定冠词的用法1、 指人或事物的某一种类( 泛指) o这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法 如 ： She is a grl. I am a teacher. Please passme an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you. 一* 位姓王的同志正在找你3、表示数量，有 “ 一”的意思，但数的概念没有 ne强烈如 ：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。

如 ：a bit, a few, a litde, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a @ass of, a pile of, a pair of, have agood time, for a while, for a long time 等5、用在抽象名词前，表 具 体 的 介 绍 一 a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用如 ：This little girl is a joy to her parents.这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣It is a pleasure to talk with you.跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉二、定冠词的用法：1、特 指 某 ( 些 ) 人 或 某 ( 些 ) 事 物 这是定冠词the的基本用法如 ：Beijing is the capital of China.The pen on the desk is mine.2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物如 ：Where is the teacher?Open the window, please.3、指上文提过的人或事物( 第二次出现) 。

如 ：There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.The baby was thin.4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前如 ：the earth, the moon, the sun.5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前 副词最高级前的定冠词可省略) 如：He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class.6、用在某些专有名词前( 由普通名词构成的专用名词) o 如 ：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the ScienceMuseum, the Children' s Palace, the Party 等7、用在——些习惯用语中如 ：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the daybefore yesterday, the next year, by the way 等。

8、用 在江河湖海、山脉前如 ：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas9、用在报刊、杂志前如 ：the People? s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报10、表示某一家人要加定冠词如 ：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today.布朗一家今天要接待客人11、用在形容词前,表某一类人如 ：the poor, die wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick 等12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处如：The driver always sits in the front of the bus (car).三、零 冠 词 （ 即不用冠词） ：1、专用名词和不可数名词前如 ：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science 等2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。

如：Go down this street3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时如:We are students. I like reading stories.4、节日、日期、月份、季节前如 ：Teachers Day, Children? s Day, National Day, in summer, in July 等Today is New Year' s Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women， s Day.5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时如 ：What' s the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor.6、 在某些习惯用语中的名词前 如 ：at noon, at nigjit, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(ttain, air, sea), in bed,in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to coDege, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil 等。

7、在三餐饭和球类运动前如 ：She goes to school after breakfast every morning.We are going to play football.We usually have lunch at school.8、科目前不加如：We learn Chinese, maths, EngjHsh and some other subjects.【 专项训练】 ：1、We can' t live withoutA. an B. X C. the D.some2、Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A . a; the B. the; the C . the; a D. a; a3、I' ve been waiting for him for hour and_____ halfA. X ; X B. the; a C. a; the D. an; a4、What_____fine weather we have today!A. a B. X C. some D. an5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one?A . a tree B. such tree C . an tree D . tree6、Children usually go to____school at_____ age of six.A. X ; the B. a; an C. the; X D . the; the7、_____ Himalayas is______ highest mountain in world.A. X ; the;X B. The; the; the C . A; a; a D.X;X;X8、They each have _ book. Li Hua' s is about writer. Wang Lin's is on science.A . a; a; X B. the; X ; the C. X; the; X D . a; the; a9、______________Physics is_________ science of matter and energy.A . The; X B. X; X C. X; the D . A; a10、sun rises in east and sets in westA . A; an; a B. The;X;X C. The; the; the D . A; the; a11、Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.A. a;X B. the; an C . the; the D .X ; the12、Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in badtemper. A. X;a B. A;X C. The;theD. A; a13、They were at dinner then. It was delicous one.A . a; the B. X;X C. X;a D . a; a14N what kind o f car do you want to buy?A. X B. the C. a D. an15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music.A. X; the B. X;X C. the; X D . the; the16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.A . the; X B. X; the C. X;X D . the; the17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A. X B. a C. the D. one18、- - - - Where， sJack?------1 think he' s still in bed, but he migjhit just be in bathroom.A. X;X B. the; the C. the; X D . X; die19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.A. the; the B. X;X C. the; X D. X; the20、------1' dlike information about the management of your hotel, please.------Well, you could have word with the manager. He be helpful.A, some; a B, an; some C. some; some D. an; a【 答案】 ：1、B air是不可数名词。

2、D此题为97年高考题根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且 表 数 量 “ 一” 3、D元音前用an04、B weather是不可数名词5、A此题为85年高考题6、A go to school是固定短语7、B山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词8、A第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可数名词9、C第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语10、C11、A第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数12、D第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访 括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指 ）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好13、C第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语14、A泛指15、C此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词16、A 此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数17、C此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指18、D 此题是92年高考题in bed是固定短语，不加冠词19、C此题是93年高考题第一空后有定语，固是特指第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指2 0 A 此题是95年高考题。

information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语二、名词 Nouns知识要点：一、名词的种类:1、专有名词：1） China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack （ 不加冠词）2） the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoplef s Republic of China, the United States 等 由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词 ）2、普通名词1 ) 不可数名词物质名词:抽象名词:water， rice , oil, paper •••health , trouble , work , pleasure , honor注意：①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了如 ：have a wonderful time.②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式③不可数名词一般无复数形式部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式如 ：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows.......II I I各种各样的鱼各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。

如 ：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难⑤在表数量时,常 用 词 组 来 表 示 如 ：a gjass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper-2 ) 可数名词：①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：Abirdcaufly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.②有复数形式：a ) 规则变化——加 飞 ”或 “es” ( 与初中同，略)b ) 不规则变化- - -child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Engjishman (Engjishmen),phenomenon(phenomena), , ,注意：c ) 单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish ( 同一种鱼) . . .。

如 ，a sheep, two sheepd ) 只用复数形式：thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,-,,e) 形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics ( 塑料) , means.f ) 形单实复：people (A 民，人们) ，the police, cattle 等g ) 集合名词如：family, public, group, class等当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数如 ： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.h ) 复合名词变复数时，⑷只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式如 ：sister(s)-in-law 嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s)-in-chief 总编辑b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加V o如 ：grown-up(s)成年人，gp-between(s)中间人(c) woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致如 : a man servant- men servants, a woman doctor一women doctors二、名词的所有格：1、表有生命的东西( 人或动物) 的名词所有格， 一般 在 名 词 后 加 s"。

如 ： Mike' s bag, Children' s Day,my brother' s room, women' s rigfits•••注意：1 ) 名词复数的词尾是-s或- e s ,它的所有格只在词后加“s”如 ：Teachers' Day, the workers"rest-home ( 工人疗养院) , the studentsJ reading-room2 )复合名词的所有格， 在 后 面 的 词 后 加 s" 如 ： her son-in-law, s photo ( 她女婿的照片) ； anybody else' sbook ( 其他任何人的书)3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则 在 最 后 的 一 个 名 词 后 面 加 s”； 如 果 不 是共有， 则 每 个 词 后 都 要 加 s" 如 ： Jane and Helen，s room .珍妮和海伦的房间（ 共有） . Bill' s and Tom' sradios.比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（ 不共有）4）表 地 点 （ 店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词如 ：the tailor' s （ 裁缝铺）the doctor, s （ 诊所） Mr Brown' s 而朗先生的家）5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也 可 加 s” 表所有格。

如 ：half an hour' s walk （ 半小时的路程） China， s agriculture （ 中国的农业）2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格如 ：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用 f , 特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时如 ：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（ 如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常 用 “of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系如 ：a friend of my father' s 我父亲的一位朋友some inventions of Edison，s 爱迪生的一*些发明those exercise-books of the students' 学生们的那些练习本 专项训练】 ：1、There are only twelve in the hospital.A , woman doctors B. women doctorsC. women doctor D ・ woman doctor2、Mr Smith has two, both of whom are teachers in a school.A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-lawsC. brothers-in-laws D. brothers-inlaw3、- - - - How many does a cow have?------Four.A , stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D . stomachics4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.A. German B. Germen C. Germans D. Germens5、The of the building are covered with lots of.A . roofs; leaves B. rooves; leafs C. roof; leaf D . roofs; leafs6、When the farmer remrned home he found three missing.A. sheeps B. sheepes C. sheep D. sheepies7、That was a fifty engine.A. horse power B. horses powerC , horse powers D . horses powers8、My father often gives me.A. many advice B. much advice C. a lot of advices D . a few advice9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.A. tea cup B. a cup of tea C. tea' s cup D. cup tea10、Can you give us some about the writer?A. informations B. informationC ・ piece of informations D . pieces informationIK I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.A , teas; bread B. teas; breadsC . tea; breadsD . tea; bread12、As is known to us all, _________ _travels much faster than_________ .A. lights; soundsC. sound;ligjit[3、She told him of all herB. light; soundD. sounds;lights_ and ________ .A. hope; fearC , hopes; fears14、The rising________ did a lot ofB , hopes; featD • hope; fears__________to the crops.A , water; harmC. waters;harm15、 How far away is it from hereB. water; harmsD. waters;harmsto your school?It s about___________ .A . half an hour，s driveC . half an hour drives16、The shirt isn， tmine.lt' s_____B. half hours drivesD , half an hour driveA . Mrs SmithC - Mrs Smiths'17、Miss Johnson is a friend ofB. Mrs' SmithD. Mrs Smith' sA. Mary' smotherC. Mary mother' s18、Last week I called at myB. Mary' smothers'D. Mary' smother' sA. aunt B. aunts19、The beach is a_________throw.A. stone B. stonesC. aunt' s D. auntes，C. stones' D. stone， s20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. Pe t e r B. Peter C. Peters D. Peters'【 答案】 ：1、 B 2、 A3、C stomach （ 胃）虽 是 “ch” 结尾，但其发音为[k ],所以加 V, 不 用 加 “es”。

4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief 等词的复数形式，直接加 “s”6、C 7、A名词作定语一般不用复数8、B9、A根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加10> B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A16、D根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫17、D 18-. C 19-. D a stone' s throw是固定短语，意为" 近在咫尺20、B此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter' s , 但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B 为正确答案三、主谓一致Agreement知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致如何判定，则要看句子的意思多数情况下， 根据句子的主语形式就能判定， 但有的则要看整句的意思， 及强调的内容 下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式如 ：1) The book is on the table.2) He is reading Engjish.3) To work hard is necessary. (It is necessary to work hard.)4) How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。

如 ：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致如以here,there开头， b e 动词与后面第一个名词一致如 ：1) There is a dog near the door.2) There were no schools in this area before liberation.3) Here comes the bus.4) On the wall were two famous paintings.5) Hete is Mr Brown and his children.4、 and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时， 谓语动词用复数 如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but,perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致如 ：1) Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2) He and my father work in the same factory.3) His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4) The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident5) He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6) Every picture except these two has been sold.7) Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8) Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9) Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。

如 ：1) The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校2) Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黄油是他们每日的食品3) The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式如 ：1) Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会2) No teacher and no student is absent today. 今天没有老师和学生缺席3) Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

如 ：1) Each takes a cup of tea.2) Either is correct.3) Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式如 ：1) Is everyone here?2) Nothing is to be done.没有什么要干的事儿了9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致如：1) Those who want to go please sign their names here.2) Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3) He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时， 其谓语动词常用单数形式如 ：1) Three years is not a long time.2) Ten dollars is what he needs.3) Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待( 如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等) ，动词用单数形式。

如 ：1) The United States is in North America.2) The United Nations has passed a resolution( 决议) 03) “The Arabian Nights” ( 《 天方夜谭》 )is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience ( 听众，观众) ，government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式如 ：1) My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行2) My family are fond of music.我家人都喜欢音乐3) The class has won the honour.这班获得了荣誉4) The class were jumping for joy.全班同学都高兴得跳了起来13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。

如 ：1) All of the apple is rotten.整个苹果都烂了2) All of the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了3) Most of the wood was used to make furniture ( 家具) 14、the + 形容词( 或分词) 作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式如 ：1) The young are usually very active.年轻人通常是很活跃的2) The wounded are being taken good care of here now .现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾15、or, either--or---, neither, - -nor• • •, whether- - - or, not only-but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致如 ：1) Either you or I am going to the movies.2) Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：1) Water is a kind of matter.2) The news at six o' clock is true.17、集合名词如：people,police,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式如 ：1) The police are searching for him.2) The catde are grassing ( 吃草) 18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数如 ：1) The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2) One third of the population here are workers.19、 the number of + 名词复数， 是表示“ …的数字二作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； a (large / great) numberof + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式1) The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2) A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数形式。

专项训练】1、Nothing but cars in the shop.A. is sold B. are sold C. were sold D . are going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A. know B . knows C. is knowing D . are known3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.A. is B. are C. comes D . are coming4、of the money used up.A. Three-five, are B. Three-fifths, have beenC. Three-fifths, has been D . Third-fifths, is5、The number of the people who_____cars________ increasing.A . owns, are B ・ owns, isC. own, isD . own, are6、One of Marx，s works__________ _written in Engjish in the 1860s.A. was B. wereC ・ would beD. are7、The sheets for your bed_________washing.A , needs B. are needingC. want D.are wanting8、On each side of the streeta lot of trees.A. stands B. growC ・ is standing D . are grown9、Some person___________calling for you at the gate.A. are B. isC ・ is beingD. will be10、All that can be eaten eaten up.A ・ are being B . has beenC . had beenD . have been11、Tom' s teacher and friendMr. Smith.A. are B. isC ・ are beingD. has12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.A. doesn， t fit B. don， t fit C. doesn' t fit for D . don' t fit for13、Neither he nor I for the plan,A. am B. are C. is D. were14、Many a student that mistake before.A . has made B. have made C. has been made D . had made15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.A. is B. are C. were D. seems16、Laying e^s the ant queen' s full-time job.A. is B. are C. has D. have17、Between the two buildings a monument.A ・ stand B. stands C. standing D . is standing18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.A. am B. is C. are D. was19、The United Nations in 1945.A . were found B. were founded C . was founded D . was found20、were also invited to the party.A . Mr Smith B • The Smith C. The Smiths D . Smiths21 x The 毋 ass works in 1959.A ・ were set up B. was set up C . were put up D . were built22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.A • seem B . seemsC. is seeming D . has seemed23 It was reported that six including a boy.A , was killed B. were killed C. was killing D . had killed24、The police a prisoner.A , is searching for B. are searching fbrC. is searching D . are searched for25、Deer faster than dogs.A . run B. runs C. are running D . will run26、The wounded good care of here now.A . is taken B . are being taken C . are taking D . is taking27、The whole class gready moved at his words.A. was B. were C. had D . is28、Over 80 percent of the population of ChinaA. was B. is C. areD. will bepeasants.29、There a knife and fork on the table.A ・ seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D . are30、Those who singing may join us.A . are liking B . likes C . enjoy D . is fond of31、His family music lovers.A. all are B. are all C. is D. are being32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.A. was B. is C. were D. had been33、The pair of shoes worn out.A . was B. were C. have been D . had been34、The students in our school each an En^ish dictionary.A. have B. has C. had D. are having35、More than one answer to the question.A . have been givenB. has been given C . were given D . had given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school.A. are B. is C. were D. was37、Our family a happy one.A. is B. are C. wasD . were38、Most of the mistakesbecause of carelessness.A. were madeB. are made C. has been made D. were making39、Most of his time in reading novels.A. are spent B. is spent C. were spentD. was spending40、The rest of the novel very interesting.A. were B. are C. is D. seem41 > I know that all getting on well with her.A. was B. isC. are D. were42 > When and where this took place still unknown.A. are B. were C. is D . has43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.A. are B. were C. is D . has44、Very few his address in the town.A . knows B . know C. are knowing D . has known45、Ten thousand dollars____________a large sum of money.A. are B. is C. were D. seem46、Twenty miles__________a long way to cover.A . were B. are C. is D. seem to be47、Nine plus three________twelve.A • makes B. make C. is making D . are making48、There are two roads and either to the station.A. leads B. lead C. are leadingD.49、My father, together with some of his old friends,A . have been B . has been C . had been50、My family as well as I____________酶（ 1 to see you.A. am B. are C. isis leading_____there already.D. will beD. was【 答案】 ：1、A因有连词b u t,所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。

见讲解42、B同 上 3、B见讲解24、C见讲解165、C定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式见讲解9, 196、A见讲解17、C见讲解28、B倒装句，要看后面的主语见讲解39、B some person指 “ 某人”是第三人称单数见讲解1310、B 主 语 “ 如 " 指 的 是 “food"，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数见讲解1311、B Tom' steadier and firiend,因 ftiend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人 见讲解512、B根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指 的 是 “my new clothes”，因 此主语是复数13、A neither…nor…连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致见讲解1514、A见讲解6 15、A见讲解4 16、A见讲解1 , 动名词作主语 17、B倒装，见讲 解 3 18、A见讲解9 19、C见讲解1120、C因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人21、B works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数22、B见讲解1023、B six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。

24、B见讲解1725、A deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs,前面的deer应 是 复 数 （ 单 数 前 应 有 a ）26、B见讲解14 27、B见讲解1 2 ,因人才能受感动，所 以 the whole class是指全班的成员28、C见讲解18 29、A见讲解5刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数 30、C见讲解931、B见讲解12 32、C见讲解4 , 注意与第11题比较33、A因此句主语是p a ir,所以用单数弘、A因此句主语是the students,所以用复数如果each作主语，谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式如 ： Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.35、B此句中的主语是 ne answer,所以谓语动词应与它保持一致36、B根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句的主语是单数， 所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故 B 是唯一正确答案37、A 见讲解12 38、A 见讲解239、B见讲解1640、C这部小说的剩余部分，还 没 超 出 “ 一二用单数。

41、C见讲解1 3 ,不定代词all在此句中代“ 与她相处的人" ，所以是复数42、C 见讲解 1, when and where this took place 是一个从句43、C见讲解15 44、B few在此代人，是复数 45、B见讲解1046、C同上47、A同上48> A见讲解7 49、B见讲解4 50、B同上四、虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句2、名词性虚拟语气3、虚拟语气的其他用语一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：I f 主语+过去时，主语+ should （ coxild, would,或 mi生t） +动词原形，如 ：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：I f 主语+ had + 过去分词，主语+ should （ could, would,或 mi助it） + have+ 过去分词，如 ：If the doctor had come last nigjit, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If 主语 + should]> + d o ,主语+should （ could--•） + 原形 dowere to过 去 时 （ 与现在事实条件句一样） 。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to ni战t, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“ 混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去i f , 将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+ （ should） +动词原形,如 ：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o' clock.（ 宾语从句）We su^ested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（ 主语从句）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（ 同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（ 表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would" “must" “could” 等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致 主语+过去时；I wish I were you.与过去愿望不一致 主语+had+ 过去分词；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.与未来愿望不一 * 致 主语+would (could) + 原形I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.2、It' s time句型：当 It' s time后用出at从句时应该为：主语+should+原形 或 主语+过去时，例如：It' s tune that you went to school. 或 It' s time that you should go to school.3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“Howlwish+宾语从句”If only he could co m e!他要能来就好了If only I had known the answ er!我要早知答案就好了4、would rather, as if (though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如 ：I' d rather you posted the letter right away.I' d rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。

Without you, I would never know him.But fbr your cooperation, we wouldn， t have done the work so well = If it were not for your cooperation, we wewouldn' t have done the work so well.注 ： without / but for • , • = If it weren， t not for, • •/ If it hadn， t been fbr •••., sbBut that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most gjad to help you, but I' am busy now.I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!【 专项训练】IN It is important that a college student a foreign language.A. will masterB. master C. masters D. would master2、It is strange that she without saying a word.A , should have gone out B. wentC. should go out D . goes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC , were, would prevent D . were, would have prevent4、 ---- "He is a brave man.”------ "Yes, I wish I his courage/A. have B. had C. will have D. may have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.A. should B . will C . is going to D . was to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.A. was sent B. would be sentC ・ should send D . be sent7、If you the medicine, you better now.A . took, would feel B. had taken, feltC. had taken, would feel D . took, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.A. is B. was C. were D . had been9、I went to bed early last but I wish I so.A. didn， tdo B. hadn' tdo C. haven， tdone D. couldn， tdo10、I’ d rather he tomorrow afternoon.A . will come B. comesC. comingD. came答案：1、B 2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D 7、C8、C9、B10、D五、倒装句英语的基本句型是主语+ 谓语。

如果将主语与谓语调换， 称倒装句 倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句一、 全倒装： 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词，叫全倒装全倒装有以下三种情况：1＞当 here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时， 句子需全倒装：There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意：①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词， 像 go, come, mush等②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he w en t他走远了2、方位状语在句首， 如：In front of the house stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3 、直接引语在句首， 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装'What does it mean?11 asked the boy 或 the boy asked.二、半倒装： 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装， 有以下数种情况：1 . 否定意义的词在句首， 句子半倒装，litde, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldomNever shall I forget you.At no time was the man aware of what was happening.Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.2 .几对并列连词如not only - -but also, hardly- when等连接两个并列句， 连词在句首， 前句半倒装， 后句不倒装：Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.( 注意时态)注意：①not only-but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装， 如：Not only you but also I like playing chess.(2)neither --nor在句首时， 前后两句都需倒装，Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、0nly在句首强调状语， 主句半倒装：Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my faultOnly when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.注意: only强调主语不倒装：Only the teachers can use the room.4、so…that句型, so在句首时， 主句倒装, that从句不倒装：So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.1、倒 装 句 ( Inversion)英语的基本语序是“ 主语+ 谓语， 如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“ 倒装” 。

一、倒装的类型二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装类型例 句说 明完 全倒 装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友整个谓语移至主语之前部 分倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前情 况例 句说 明疑问句Have you got a dictionary?你有一本字典吗？Where did he go last Monday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Are you listening to the radio?你在听广播吗？用完全或部分倒装 ， 但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序中Who told you the news?谁告诉你那个消息的？Which boy broke this gjass?哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？athere be”结构中There are three wells in our village.我们村里有三口水井There stands a big paper making factory by the river.河边有座大型造纸厂。

在 以 here,there, now,then, in,away, updow n等副词 开 头 的句子中Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信There goes the beD.铃响了Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了Away went the crowd one by one .人们一个一个地离去使用完全倒装结构但如果主语是代词则用正常语序情 况例 句说 明Look, there he comes! 看 ，他来了Down she went 她下来了在以 neithernor 或 nom o re开头的句子中I can' t swim, nor (neither) can she .我不会游泳，她也不会He hasn' t been to the countryside, neither does hewant to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里He did not turn up. No more did his wife.他没有来，他妻子也没有来表示 也不这样 ，neither 和 nor意思相同， 可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。

意为也不…用在as （ 尽管）引导的让 步 状 语从句中Proud as the nobles are Jie is afraid to see me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我Young as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西从属连句a s用于特殊语序， 含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照， 必须用倒装（ 表语提前）2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装 使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况例 句说 明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sigjit以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来Not until New Year' s Day shall I give you a gift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物Not only was everything that he had taken awayfrom him, but also his German citizenship.不仅他所有的一切被没收了， 而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。

常 用 否 定 词 有 ：never,not^ardly,scarcely seldom, little, notuntil, not only - -but also,no sooner ---than, hardly(scarcely),--when 等—1般主句用部分倒装结构副 词only放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes .只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误Only in this way can you leam maths well.只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学Only Mother can understand me .只有母亲最理解我Only three of us failed in the exam.我们中只有三个人考试不及格only起强调作用，其句型 为“only +状语+ 部分倒装二如置于句首的only修饰主语， 则不用倒装结构虚拟语气条件从句中Were they here, they would help us .他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的Had I been informed earlier. I could have donesomething.把 从 句 中i f省略将were, had 或 should 放在主语的前面。

情 况例 句说 明我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了Should you fail, take more pain and try again.万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时“He is a clever boy“ said the teacher.老师说：“ 他是个聪明的孩子J“Go, Dick, gp!” cried Tom, “Go home and gethelp” “ 走 ，狄克，走! ”汤姆呼喊着，“ 快回家去求援”“What do you think of the film? ” he asked.他 问 “ 你认为这部电影怎么样？ ”"l' m leaving for Hongkong next month” Marytold me yesterday.玛利告诉我“ 我下月要去香港” 主句主语和谓语次序颠倒 ，用完全倒装但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长 ，一般不用倒装表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed!祝你成功 Long live the Communist Party of China.中国共产党万岁！谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。

副词so在句首He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .他们下学期学化学，我也学I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中—Tom won the first prize for the Englishcompetition.—So he did.英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖确实如此It was cold yesterday. So it was .昨天天气冷如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事 ，则不用倒装结构在频度状语 often,always,many atim e等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。

在方式状语 thus开头的句子中及程度状语S 放句首Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命So loudly did he speak that even people in thenext room could hear him .他讲话的声音那样大, 连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见介词短语作 状 语 ，In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩情 况例 句说 明放在句首 In the distance was a horse.马在远处在强调表语的句子中Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of greatachievements.阿尔伯特•曼因斯坦就是这样一个人， 一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人Such is life.生活就是这样Nearby were two canoes in which they had cometo the island.附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船表语提前，不仅为了强调 ，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。

专项训练】I 、选择填空1、that we all went out, lying in the sun.A , The weather so fine was B. So fine was the weatherC , So the weather was fine D . So was fine weather2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.A. is B. are C. was D ・ were3、who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.A . Before George stood the policemanB , Before George the policeman stoodC. Before the policeman stood GeorgeD , Before George did the policeman4、Then we had been looking forward to .A , came the hour B. the hour cameC. comes the hour D . the hour is coming5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.A . she realized B. did she realizeC. she had realised D . had she realized6、 succeed in doing anything.A . Only by working hard we canB , By only working hard we canC , Only by working hard can weD , Only we can by working hard7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.A , he has doubted B ・ he doubtsC. did he doubt D. he did doubt8、Nowhere else in the wo r l d cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.A • a tourist can find B. can a tourist findC. a tourist will find D . a tourist has found9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.A • they had got to the bus-stop B. they got to the bus-stopC , did they get to the bus-stop D . had they got to the bus -stop10、Mary doesn， t speak French, and does Joan.A. not B. neither C. either D. so11、一Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? - I don' t k n o w, .A . nor don' 11 care B. nor do I careC • I don' t care neither D . I don' t care also12% Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.A . man did knowC • didn' t man knowB. man knewD . did man know13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.A ・ did we hearC • had we heardB. we heardD . we have heard14、John won the first prize in the contest. .A. So he did.B ・ So did he.C. So he did, too. D . So did he, too.15、Jhe doesn' t study well.A, As he is clever B. He is as cleverC・ Clever as he is D. As clever he is16、You can never use my tape recorder. ____time should you touch that machine.A. At no B. At any C. Any D. No17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.A . I had entered, - ,when B. Had I entered- - • thenC • had I entered, - - when D . have I entered , - - when18> Only save his life.A . can the doctorC . will the doctorB. the doctor canD . could the doctor19、Hardly a n y b o d y the boy, because he is rude.A ・ does like B. likes C . do likeD. like20、So we l l that the teacher praised her.A . she had done her homeworkB. her homework had been doneC . did she do her homeworkD . she did her homework21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.A. do you comeC ・ you come22、Out , gun in hand.A • did he rushB. will you comeD . you will comeB. rushed heC . he rushedD . had he rushed23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .A. so did he B. so he did C. so he would D . so would he24、Into the sky the ligjit blue smoke.A. went up B. up went C. did go up D. had gone up25、Little about his own life at the meeting.A. did he talk B. he talkedC , he was talking D . had he talked26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons.A ・ will China B ・ China will C . does China D . do China27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it.A. Were she B. Had she be able toC . If she would have D . Had she28、tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday.A , Should it rainedC. If it would rain29、Look, he r e .A ・ Mr. Brown comesC • comes Mr. Brown30、Often us good advice.A . did she giveC. she gave31、Not until I began to workA . didn’ 11 realizeC. I didn' t realizeB . Were it to rainD . Had it rainedB , does Mr. Brown comeD . Mr. Brown has comeB , she did 嫁veD . she has givenhow much time I had wasted.B . did I realizeD . I realize32、Litde about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A , does he care B. did he careC . he cares D . he cared33 began our new lesson.A . But B. Thus C. Such D . So that34、By no means look down upon the poor.A . we should B. we should notC , do we35、Only when 30 years oldA . was he , did he beginC . was he , he began36、Not once their plan.A . did they changeC ・ changed they37、“It' s very hot today. “A . So it is B. So is itD . should weto learn En^ish.B. he was , he beganD . he was ,did he beginB. they changedD . they did changedC . So does it D. So it does38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.A . So does a man B. So will a manC. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man39 They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which.A. sat a small boy B. a small boy satC , is sitting a small boy D . a small boy sitting40、Society has changed and in it.A , so have the people B. so the people haveC . the people have so D . have the people so口、改错41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French.42 > Litde she knew Tom was was badly ill43、Turn to the and there are you.44、 And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.45、一You can learn Engjish well.—So can we.46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you?47、Not once he kept his promise.48、Many a time he has given us some good advice.49、Such a noise there was that I couldn' t work in the room.50、Only does my mother understand me.【 答案】 ：I、1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7、C8、B9、D10、B11、B12、D13、A14、A15、C16A17、C18、B19、B20、C21、C22、C23、B24A25、A26、A27、D28、B29、C30、A31、B32、B33、B34、D35、D36、A37、A38、C39、A40、AII、41、was he - he was倒装主句不倒装从句O42、She knew—did she know 此句为半倒装句。

43、are you -you a re此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装44、was- were 主语是 d o g s45、so we c a n主语w e与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装46、do you—dare y o u前面句中用情态，后面要呼应47、he kept- did he keep48、he has- has he49、450、去掉d o e s,将understand改为understandsonly后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装六、并列句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；2、注意while, w hen和for等作并列连词的用法什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句并列句的基本句型：简 单 句 + 并列连词+ 简单句类型说明连接词例 句并并列关系饿 合 关系）and, not only , •but(also),neither- - - nor 等I help him and he helps m e .我帮助他,他也帮助我Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her. 我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。

Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见列转折关系but, yet, still,while, however,when 等He failed many times, but he didn' t despair.他失败多次但并没有气馁She has difficulty in learning English, however, she workshard and is making rapid progress.她学习英语有困难,然后她学习努力，进步很快选择关系or, otherwise orelse, either, --orWe must hurry, or we' 1 1 miss the train.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车Either you come to my place or I gp to yours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去句因果关系for, so, thus,therefore, and soWe had better stay at home, for it was raining.我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。

He didn' t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格有时也可不用连 词 ，而用逗号 ， 分号或冒号Hurry up, it, s getting dark.快点，天要黑了Let' s start early, we have a long way to g o .我们要早动身，因为路很远注意：(1) yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词它们是副词又起连接作用，但不如and, but, o r等强，用了yet或still,前面还可加and或butHe is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment.他很累,但他仍然要做另一个实验I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first b u s.我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车(2) while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句I like football, while my sister likes basketball.我喜欢足球,而我姐姐喜欢篮球。

when = and then, just then 或 at that time, during the time.We were ready to rush away, when the snake m oved.我们正准备离开,这时蛇移动了while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因therefore比so更正式，and so比较口语化 专项训练】 ：一、用适当的并列连词填空：1、He couldn， t know the truth about me, he wouldn' t treat me like this.2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over.3、Althougji he was ill, he kept on working.4、lean' t make up my mind we will go to Shan^iai we will stay in our city.5、He doesn，t talk much, he thinks a lot.6、It must have rained last ni^it the ground is still wet7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue.9、he did not speak distinedy I did not hear it clearly.10、He is clever, , he often makes mistakes.11、did we write to her we called up her.12、He hasn' t any money I, m going to lend him some.13、The child was sick; he, , didn， t go to school.14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad.15、Put on more clothes, you' 1 1 catch cold.二、选择最佳答案：16、Some are reading magazines,others are playing cards.A. orB. forC. soD. while17、We must get up early tomorrow.we' 1 1 miss the first bus to the Great Wall.18、A. soI donB. ort like chickenC. butfish.D. howeverI dont like chicken, _______ I like fish very much.A • and, andB. and, butC , or, andD . or, but19、We want_hi^i speed________ good quality.A , both, andB. either, orC. neither,norD . not, but also20、In spring it ishotcold here.A . both, andB ・ either, orC. neither,norD . not only, but21、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _does he writes well, ___ ________ he also speaks well.A . Not only, butB . Not, but C. Either, orD . Both, and22、Use your head, __you1 1 work it outA. soB. orC. andD. for23、I want to buy the jacket, ________ I have not enough money with me.A. butB. soC. orD. for24、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _you_____I am gping to help Tom.A . Either, orB. Not, butC. Not only, andD . Each, and25、The soldier was wounded, ______he pushed on.A. forB. andC. soD. yet26、 Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate?------1 don，t know, .A. nor don' 11 came B. nor do I careC , I don' t care neithet D . I don' t care also27、He is a teacher, a singer as well.A. but B. or C. nor D. and28、should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.A. Not only, but B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Both, and29、We have studied En^ish for only one year, we can perform Engjish short plays already.A. yet B. for C. and D. or30、She had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.A. so B. or C. but D. and31、The work was difficult, Jhe finished in on time.A. but B, however C. otherwise D. therefore32、The sky was cloudless the sun was shining.A. but B. and C. for D. so33 many times, but he still couldn' t understand itA , Having been told B. Thoum he had been toldC. He was told D . Having told34、I was walking along the street I heard someone calling my name.A. when B. while C. and D. for35、To be healthy, you must have a meal too big too small.A. either, or B. neither, nor C . not only, but also D . not, but36、Both Jane and Ellen, Mary, are studying at the same college.A . too B . and C . as well D . as well as37、He has never studied Engjlish before, we should give him more help.A. and B. or C. therefore D. but38、I see your point of view; , I don' t agree with you.A. or B. but C. so D. still39、They must stay in the water they will die.A. but B. so C. otherwise D. and40、We played outside till sunset it began to rain.A. when B. while C. yet D. so三、改错：41、Although he has great learning, but he always works far into the nigjit42、Because the boy is very naughty, so V m angry with him.43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others.44、It must have rained much of late, because the river is so hi劭 .45、They didn' t tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally.46、If there were no plants, we would have no animals or no meat.47、Now of course I don' t want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?48、 "l' m more thankful to you, sir, than I can say” I said, “ and but I must make things clear/49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.50、He did not like your su^estion, and but he raised no objection版对） .【 答案】 ：IN or6、for11N Not o：15、or2、and7、when 8、nly, but3、still / yet4、Either, or13、when, or10、therefore5、however14、 norbutwhile9、12、so二、16、D17、B18、D19、A20、C21、A22、C23、A24、A25、D26、B27、D28、A29、A30、C31、B32、B33、C三、34、A 35、B41、去掉but或改为yet36、D42、37、C去 掉so38、D39、 C 40、 A43、he 前 力 口 does； works—work44、because-for45、nor—or46、or-and47、however-but48、去掉and49、去 for50＞去掉a n d或把but改为y e t或still七、定语从句一、定语从句1 .定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能( 做主语、宾语或状语) ；第三选择合适的关联词。

2 .定语从句在选择关连词th at与which时， 常常容易出错， 所以应记住什么时候只能用th a t,什么时候只能用which.(1 ) .只 能 用th at的情况归纳4种 ：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为a ll、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the o n ly、the very the same^ the last修饰请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①, The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.11 almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③, Later my father and Mr.Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered inschool.④, This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2 ) .只用which i s情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关连词要用w h ich ;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing, which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking.三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，w hich和a s是容易混淆的在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常A s可以放在整句的句首，而w h ich ,只能在逗号之后，a s本 身 含 有 “ 正如” ，a s在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、w hich在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如 ：she has wardedagain,which surprises us .四、在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清all that和what,what实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于all that两个字，例如：All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.= what I know is that ..........一、限定性定语从句：种类先行词关联词例句说明定语（ 人）在从句中做主语或宾语whoThis is the doctor who saved theboy， s life.这就是救了孩子生命的医生。

She is the new student whom I wantto introduce to you .她就是我要介绍给你的新学生who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语，口 语 中 w h o 可以代替w hom ,也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whom从句物在从句中做主语或宾语whichPlease pass me the book which islying on the table.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书The novel which Tom bought is veryinteresting.汤姆买的小说很有意思Can you lend me the magazine aboutwhich you talked yesterday?你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？which在从句中做主语w hich充当宾语时可以省去which做介词宾语不可省种类先行词 关联词例 句说 明定语从句人或物的whoseThe professor whose daughter teaches youEn^ish is Dr. Williams那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语The professor, the daughter of whom teachesyou English is Dr. Williams.The bike whose brake was damaged has nowbeen repaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。

The bike the brake of which was damaged hasnow been repairedwhose在从句中做定语指某人的也可以用…of whom 代替 whose指物时也可以用… fwhich 代替 whose人或thatThe woman that is playing the piano is MissZhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐I' d like to see the films that are just on show.我想看那些刚上映的电影that指人做主语that指物做主语种类先行词关联词例 句说 明物thatThey talked for about an hour of things andpersons that they remember in the school.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时r D tell you all(that )1 know about it.先行词分别表示人和物， 关系代词要用th a t,不 用 w h o 或which先行词表示物， 关系all, littlemuch 和some,anyevery ,no构 成 的合 成 代词that我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。

Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？I' ve brought everything (that )you need.我把你需要的东西都拿来了This is the best film that I have seen .这是我看过的最好的一部电影The first place that we' 1 1 visit is Beijing Library.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆代 词 用 th a t不用which,在从句中做宾 语 可 省 去 如果先行词是人时， 关系代词不受制约，用that 或 who (whom)均可先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 定 语 从 句 用 that引导人或物定语人thatHe is the only person that is believable.他是唯一可靠的人John is the very person that she wants to see.约翰正是她要见的人Who is the man that is talking with Tom ?先 行 词 被 the only,the very,the same 等修饰时用关系代词that从句或物正在和汤姆谈话的人是谁？Which of the books that you bought is easy toread?你买的那些书中哪一本容易读。

当主句以who、 which开头的特殊疑问句时 ，定语从句要用that时间whenHe came at a time when we. needed him most.他在我们最需要的时候来了We’ 1 1 never forget the day when the PeoplesRepublic of China was founded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天在定语从句中作时间状语注 ：先行词是time, minute, moment, next tkn很少用关系副 词 when,可用that但通常省去whereThis is the room where he put up for the 在定语从句中作地点状语地点nigjit这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子原因理由whyI know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因在定语从句中作原因状语( 2 ) 非 科 艮制性定语从句种类先行词 关联词例 句说 明非限制性定语从句人whowhomGeorge ,who is my classmate, haswon a scholarship.乔治获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。

Dr. Li, whom I know very well, willcome here tomorrow.李大夫明天将来这儿，我跟他很熟悉who, whom不能省去，也不能用that代替物没有固定的先行词而是一个句子whichwhichI gave him a New Year card ,whichhe enjoyed very much.我给他一张贺年卡, 他很喜欢它OHe studies hard at school when hewas young, which leads to hissuccess in his later life .他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致了他后来生活中的成功He gets up early , as is always hiswhich指物， 不可省去， 也不能用that代替which作主语指它前面的整个句子 ， 不可用that代替， 强调结果ashabit他总是早起床，这是他的习惯John was admitted into the college,as we had expected.约翰被大学录取了，这是我们期待的The earth ,as is known to all > isround.人人皆知，地球是圆的。

羽指全句，在从句中做主语as指全句意思， 在从句中做宾语a s 引导的定语从句可以放在句首 ，句中或句末This is the same book as I lostyesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样用于 the same as, such • • •as ,as---as等结构中 3 ) 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语 ，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确从句只是对先行词的附加说明， 如果省去主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人 who (that) whom指物 which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who ( 作主语) whom ( 做宾语)指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子【 专项训练】1. Football is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.A. that B. whichC. it D. who2 . Is there anything else you require?A. which B. that C. who D . what3. The last place we visited was the Great Wall.A. which B. that C. where D . it4. He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatiy in the school.A. which B. who C. it D. that5. The reailway tunnel,though the train goes, will be completed soon.A. which B. that C. it D . whom6. His uncle works in a factory bicycles are made.A. that B. which C. where D. there7. There is no dictionary you can find everything.A . that B. which C. where D . in that8 . Next month, you， 1 1 spend in your hometown is coming.A. which B. that C. when D . where9 . Next mo n t h , y o u ' 1 1 be in your hometown is coming.A. which B. that C. when D. where10 . I often thought of my childhood ,I lived on a farm.A. which B. where C. when D . who11 . He wanted to know the time he needed to know .A. that B. when C. where D . what12 . There isn' t so much noise in the country in big cities.A. that B. which C. where D. as13. They could only read such stories had been rewritten in simple Engjish .A. that B. which C. as D . what14. The stems of bamboo are hollow makes them veryA. which B. as C. that D. it15. Crusoe' s dog became ill and died , made him very lonely .A. as B. which C. that D . this16. They' ve invited me to their party, is kind of them.A. as B. which C. That D. this17. we know now ,bats come out only at ni^it .A. As B. Which C . That D. What18. John got beaten in the game ,had been expected .A. as B. that C. what D . who19. has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules.A. Which B. What C. That D. As20. Do you know the reason he was late?A. that B. which C. for what D. for which21. He built a telescope he could study the skies.A . in which B. with that C. through which D. by it22. I have bought two ballpens , writes well .A . none of which B ・ neither of which C . none of them D . neither of them23 . There are two thousand students in our school, are girls .A . of whom two thirds B. two -thirds of them C. two -third in them D . two -thirds in which24. Do you know the man ?A . whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D . that I spoke25. The factory we' D visit next week isn' t far from here .A. where B. in which C. which D. to which26. This is one of the best films this year.A . have been shown B ・ that have shown C . that have been shown D . which has been shown27. Can you lend me the book the other day ?A . you talked about B. about that you talked C . that you talked D . which you talked28. Is there any one in you class family is in the city .A. who B. who' s C. which D . whose29. I' 1 1 never forget the days we stayed together.A. when B. in which C. which D. what30. Is some German friends visited last week ?A . this school B. this the school C. this school one D . this school where31. I' 1 1 tell you he told me last month .A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all32. Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday?A. for why B. for that C. which D. why33. I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.A . which B. in which C. on that D . on which34. I’ D show you a store you may buy all you need .A. in which , / B. where , which C. which , that D. that, that35. Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.A. where B. when C. that D. on which36. The train she was travelling was late.A . which B . on which C. for which D . on that37. The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945 .A . during which B . in that C. where D . on which38. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire bum ?A. that B. / C. which D . it39. This is the best hotel in the city I know .A . which B . that C . where D . it40. I’ ve read all the books were borrowed from the library .A. that B. / C. which D . they41. The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all.A. which B. who C. that D. whose42. She hasn， t got enough money to buy the rings .A . which B . that C. with which D . for which43 . Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term.A. which B. since C. that D. till44 . We hope to get such a tool he is using .A. which B. as C. that D. where45 . Is there anything to you .A . that is belonged B . that belongs C . which belongs D . that belong46. You can take any seat is free .A. which B. where C. that D. in whichA . of them B . of which C. of whom D . of who47 . The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher.48 . My hometown is no longer the sameit used to be .A . which B . asC. thatD. like49. You may take anything useful ___________.A. you want B.what you want C. you want them D. which you want50 . He tore up my photo and ___________ upset meA. diat B. itC. which D . what51. During the days __ , he worked as a servant at the Browns.A . followed B . followingC. to follow D . that followed52 . The beautiful dressMiss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers .A . that B ・ wearing which C . worn byD. in which53 . The clever boy made a hole in the wall,________ he could see what wa:s going ori inside the house.A. in which B. through which C. at whichD . on which54 . The brave man , __ the tiger was shor is a good bunter.A. by which B. by whomC. by thatD . of whom55. The knife _______we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with itC. with that D . which【 答案】 :1 B 2B 3B4D5A 6C7C 8A9C10C11 A 12 D 13 C14 A15B 16B17 A 18A19 D20 D21 C 22 B 23 A24 C25 C 26 C27 A 28 D29 A30 B31 D 32 D 33 D34 A35 B 36 B37 A 38 A39 B40A41 C 42 C 43 C44B45 B 46C47C 48B49 A50A51 D 52 D 53 B54 B55 A八、名词性从句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。

2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句( 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) ，定语从句和状语从句什么叫复合句： 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句 在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立从句通常是用关联词来引导的在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用主从复合句( Complex Sentences)一、从句的种类：1、名词性从句Noun Clauses主 语 从 句 ( Subject Clauses)表 语 从 句 ( Predicative Clauses)宾 语 从 句 (Object Clauses)同位语从句( Appositive Clauses)2、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)3、状语从句(Adverbial Clauses )注 ：以止作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有:(1) It + be + 形 容 词 + that从句(2) It + be + 名词词组+ that从句(3) It + be + 过去分词+ that从句(4) It seem, happen等不及物动词+ that从句二、常用的关联词1、从属连词that ( 无词义) ；whether是否；if假如，是否althougji(thougji)虽然；because 因为when当…时 候 ; before在…前；after在, , •后since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在…期间as soon as 一* …就；as long as 只要；as if 好像2、连接代词who, whom, which, what, whose3、连接副词when, where, why, how4、关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that5、关系副词when, where, why1、主语从句：种类关联词例 句说 明连词thatThat he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。

that在句首不可省去whetherWhether there is life on the moon is aninteresting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题主 语 从 句 中 只 能 用whether不可用迅2、宾语从句:主连whoWhat he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟接what我们说什么，还不清楚语代whichWho will win the match is still unknown.谁主语从句放在句首， 句词whatever能赢得这场比赛还不得而知子常显得笨重， 因此一般从连whenIt is known to us how he became a writer. 我 把它移到句子后面， 前面接where们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的用 引 导 词 “it” 来作形式句副whyWhere the En^ish evening will be held has 主语词hownot yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行 ，还没有宣布3、表语从句:种类关联词例 句说 明陈述意义thatI believe(that) he is honest.我相信他是忠诚的。

We must never think(that) we are good ineverything while others are good innothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好 ，别人什么都不好that在句中不担任任何成分， 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去， 但如从句是并列句时， 第二个分句前的that不可省宾疑问意义ifwhetherI wonder whether he will come or not我想知道他来还是不来Everything depends on whether we haveenou^i money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱I don' t know if(whether) it isinteresting.我不知道它是否有意思He doesn' t care if it isn' t a fine day.他不在乎天气是否好whether 常与 or not 连用 ，不能用if代替作 介 词 宾 语 要 用whether 不能用 if从句是否定句时一般用if引导语特殊疑问意义who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where, why,how,whoever,whatever,whicheverPlease tell me what you want.请告诉我你需要什么？She always thinks of how she can workwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语从注 1We must make it clear that anyone whobreaks the law will be punished.我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置句注 2We don' t think you are here.我任I认为你不在这I don' t believe he will do so .我相信他不会这样做think, believe, imagine,suppose等动词引出的宾语从句， 要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中种类关联词例句说 明连thatThe problem is(that) they can' t get here eariy enough.在非正式的文表词whether问题是他们不能很早到达这里体 中 that可以省4、同位语从句:语从句as ifIt looks as if it，s going to rain.看起来天要下雨。

去连接代词whowhatwhichThat, s just what I w an t这正是我想要的The question is who(which of you) will be the nextspeaker.问题是谁( 你们哪一位) 接着发言表语从句位于主句系动词之后连接副词whenwherewhyhowThis is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在That is why he didn' t come to the meeting.刃 B 就是他为什么不到会的原因种类关联词例 句说 明同由 连 词The news that he had landed on the moon spread all同位语从句说明其位that引导，over the world.他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世 前面的名词的具体内语不 担 任 成 界容 ， 常用的名词如: fa s从分 ， 也可有I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不 news, idea, hope,句when, how,where等引导知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probablyfallen iU.他想到可能玛丽生病了He must answer the question whether he agrees to itor n o t.他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题thou3 &question, order,fear, doubt, word,proof, belief, story 等名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、 表词从句、 宾语从句和同位词从句 名词性从句的特点： th at、 who.whom、 w hat、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：1、主词从句：That ligjit travels in straight line is known to all .（ That 引导主语从句不可省）When the plan is to take off hasn' t been announced .主语从句通常以i t 做形主语出现It was my fault that I had him play fbatball all fatemoon.It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主 语 是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because.The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.3、宾语从句that常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。

The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America.4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：The idea that one can do the work without thinking is w rong.（同位 idea 在从句中无位置 , 而从句只是具体说明 idea的内容） The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong . 侬语从句,idea 做 put forward 的宾语）0【 专项训练】1. I wonder how much .A • cost these shoes B. do these shoes cost C. these shoes cost D . are these shoes cost2. Nobody knew .A • where he comes B. where he was from C. where he is from D . where does he come from3 . Excuse me ,would you please tell me .A . when the sports meet will be taken place .B. when was the sports meet going to be held.C. when is the sports meet to begin .D . when the sports meet is to take place .4 . Computers can only give cut has been stored in them .A. that B. which C. what D. anything5 . She wanted to know.A . whether I knew her and where did she workB. if I knew her and the factory she worked thereC ・ wherther I knew her and the factory she workedD. if I knew her and the factory where she worked6 . My firiend wouldn' t tell me his new car .A . how much he paid for B. how much did he payC. he paid how much for D . did he pay how much7. A simple experiment shows air has some strength .A. what B. that C. which D. who8. He you are not going abroad.A . surprised that B. is surprised that C . surprised at D. is surprised whether9. Father asked .A. what was wrong with me B. what' s wrong with meC . what wrong was with me D . what wrong is with me10. It doesn， t matter I rest or not .A. if B. whether C. that D . when11 . The trouble iswe are short of tools .A. what B. that C. how D. why that12 . That is there appears a rainbow in the sky .A. what B. when C. why D. however13 . I can' t understand is he wants to change his mind.A . That, that B. Which , what C. What, what D . What, why14 . It is possible he misunderstood I said.A . that ,that B. what, what C. what, that D . that, what15 . The thought he migjit fail in the exam worried him .A. which B. that C. when D. /16 . The fact he is an orphan is well known.A. wha B. that C. which D . /17 . I was free that eveningA . It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D . It was happened that18 . I will accept the gift is none of your business.A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which19 . I have will be yours sooner or later .A. No matter whatB. No matter whatever C. Whatever D. That20 . He always thinks he can do more for the people.A . of how B. how C. of that D . why21 . in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday .A . It says B. It is said C. It has said D . He is said22. We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language .A. which B. that C. what D. whether23. Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain.A. what B. all what C. that D. which24 . The town is no longer it was ten years ago.A. which B. that C. what D. when25. told yuou that was lying .A . who B . whoever C. Anyone D . The person26. Word came I was wanted at the office.A. which B. why C. that D. whether27. nothing to do with us .A . What he did is B. What he has done C. What did he do D. What he has done has28. The problem is wiD go .A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever29. there is life on another planet is almost impossible.A. How B. That C. Why D. Whether30. was a well -known fact.A . That their team was weak B. That their team being weakC. Their team was weak D . If their team was weak【 答案】 ：1C2B3D4C5D6A7B8B9A10B11 B12 C13 D14 D15 B16 B17 B18B19C20 A21 B22 B23 A24 C25 B26C27 D28 C29 B30 A九、状语从句 Adverbial Clauses知识要点：状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。

根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句8、 让步状语从句9、 比较状语从句1、时间状语从句从属连词例 句说 明时whenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing aletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里when指的是“ 某一具体的时间” whenever指的是" 在任何一个不具体的时间” 间状whenI was walking along the street when suddenlysomeone patted me on the shoulder frombehind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀when意为“ 这时” 或 “ 在那个时候”， 可以看作是并 列 句 ， 这 种 用 法 的w hen分句一般位于句末 语whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。

I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在while指 “ 在某一段时间里" ， " 在…期间" ，while引导的动作必须是持续性的从asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生句beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生before译为在…之前afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了tillWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来如主句动词是持续性动作 ，常用肯定式，表示“ 直到…为止”种类从属连句例 句说明时untilShe didn' t stop working until eleveno' clock.她 到11点钟才停止工作Until he had passed out of sigjit, she stoodthere.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。

如主句动词是瞬间动词 ，常 用 否定式，表示 “ 直…才”” 在…以前不”， 从句放在句首表示强调, 一' 般用until间状sinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化As soon as I arrive in Shan^iai, I, 1 1 write toyou.我一到上海就给你写信状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分 开 ，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号 语从hardly ,• •whenI had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了Hardly had I gothome when it began to rain.hardly …when 和 nosooner• • , than 的意义相当于as soon as,但只句no sooner- • ,thanNo sooner had we got to the station than thetrain left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to表 示 过 去 发 生 的 事情 ，主句为过去完成时 ，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或 no soonerstop.我们刚开始就被叫停位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装every time,by the time,the moment等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快Next time you come ,you? 1 1 see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时地点状语从句wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律where 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语原因状语从句becauseI came back late yesterday because I was onduty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班because用来回答why的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后sinceSince everyone is here, let' s begin ourmeeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会since表示既然或全已知的理由， 稍加分析即可表明的原因， 多放句首种类从属连句例 句说 明asAs he didn' t know much English, he lookedup the word in the dictionary.从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，原因由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词常用于口语中状now that, Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can seeing (that), now that语seeing that start our journey.和 since, a s 意义相似，从鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。

他 们 都 有 “ 鉴于某个事句Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for thedoctor.鉴于他病情严重， 我们派人去请医生去了实”的意思，that可以省去thatI shall write down your telephone numberthat I may not forget.我要把你的号码记下来，以免忘记目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (migjit) can(could) ,should 等放在目so thatWe' 1 1 tell you the truth so that you can judge 动词之前，从句往往放的for yourself.在主句之后，主从句之状语我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断间不用任何标点符号从in order They worked harder than usual in order that句thatlest = forfear thatthey could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that) youshould catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。

结果状so thatso,-,thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyoneheard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻He was so excited that he couldn' t say aword.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来so that前有逗号为结果状语从句so---that的 so后面跟形容词或副词语从句such---that He gave such important reasons that he wasexcused.他说出了这么重要的理由， 得到大家的谅解It is such an interesting novel that all of uswant to read itIt is so interesting a novel that all of us wantto read it这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看such,--that 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…th a t,语气较强种类从属连句例 句说 明条件状语从句ifunlessas/so longasin caseso far asDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid ofthem.如果我们不怕困难， 困难就算不了什么了 oWe shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。

We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn， train.So/As long as you work hard, you willsucceed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘了，请提醒我一下So far as I know, the book will be publishednext month.据我所知，那本书下月出版unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式 unless和 if…not同义， unless是书面语 , iF-not是口语，通常二者可以换用条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时方式状asas if, ,,as thougjhDraw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了He acted as if (though) nothing had此 处 as译为， 按照或正如as if或 as thou妙 i 的意义和用法基本一样。

从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气语从句happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生They treat the black boy as if (though) hewere an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口让步状语从句thougjialthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但 仍 开 始 学 习 法 语 We were not tired though (although) we hadworked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累在句子中一般用了 “ 虽然 ”就 不 能 再 用 “ 但 是 ”(b u t)但 可 以 与yet或still 连 用 thou毋i /althou生 意 义 相 同 ，用法基本一样， 前者通俗,口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面even ifeven thoughI, 1 1 go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去even if 和 even thou^i的意思为“ 即使” “ 纵使"有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。

种类从属连词例 句说 明让步状语从句asChild as he is > he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多Cold as it is,(= Thou^i it is cold,)the childrenplay outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩as引出的状语从句多用于 书 面 语 ，它比用though 或 although 弓 ［ 导的 从 句 ，语 气 强 ，更有表 现 力 ，从句常放在句首 ，语序部分倒装no matter(who,whatwhen,wherewhich,how , •)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说， 尽 管 干 No matter how busy he was, he studiedEnglish every day.不 管 他 多 忙 ，他都每天坚持学习英语No matter who takes up the matter for me Jshall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事， 我都将非常感激no matter ..............与who-ever引导的让步状语 从 句 意 义 基 本 一 样 ，no matter 引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

wh - ever(whateverwhoeverwheneverwhicheverhowever)Whatever happens / may happen , we shallnot lose heart.无 论 发生什么，我们都不要失去信心Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无 论 谁 来 ，都会受到欢迎w h-ever从句中的动词有 时 可 以 和may连 用 判 断wh —ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从 句 ，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号不 可 将 no matter 与wh- ever 连用比较状语从句as^-asnot so/as, — asthe same, * *assuch,•*asMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大He doesn' t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。

连词表示同程度级的比较 ，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…a s 或not so…asthanShe has made greater progress this year thanshe did last year.她今年比去年进步更大He bou^it fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词种类 从属连句例 句说 明比较状语从句the more… themoreThe more you read, the better youunderstand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多The more tickets you sell, the more moneyyou will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多The harder you work, the greater progress youwill make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大The sooner, the better.越快越好The warmer, the better.越暖和越好the more--"the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后 ，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。

句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略特殊形式的状语从句thatWe are sure (that )the fbxir modernization willbe realized in China.我们相信四化一定会在中国实现I' m sorry (that) I didn' t have time to writeyou sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信I am afraid that I can' t go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了th at引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句 ，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词这种从句的连词常常被省略 专项训练】 ：I 、选择填空：1、 You like sports I' d like to read.A. when B. while C. but D. yet2、we were singing, the teacher came in.A. Before B. after C. As D. Until3、I was about to leave my house the phone rang.A. while B. when C. as D. after4、They did not stop fighting________there was no enemy left.A. untilB. after C. whenD . since5、I have not seen him he went to college.A. when B. before C. as D. since6、It is five days________we came here.A. when B. before C. as D. since7、It was not long he got to know itA. when B. before C. after D. until8、We shall go______we are free.A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however9、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I live I must serve the people heart and soul.A. When B. So long as C. As soon as D . On condition10、I was reading a novel_______he was watchingpTV.A. when B. while C. before D. as11、Put the medicine you can easily get itA. so that B. where C. which D . there12、We will go_____ the Party wants us to go.A , wherever B. there C. to the place D . which13> _________ there is a will there is a way.A. When B. Where C. Whether D. How[4、I am going you went last weekA. where B. wherever C. when D. the place15、________ you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.A. Where B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However16、________weather permits, we' 1 1 have an outing.A. For B. Though C. While D. If17、You won' t succeed______harder.A. unless you will work B. unless you work C. unless you don' t work D . if you won' t work18、I wonder if heus, and I think if he us we’ 1 1 be able to complete the task ahead of time.A. helps, helps B. will help, helps C. helps, will help D. wiD help, will help19、I don' t like to be interrupted if I .A. speak B. will speak C. am speaking D . spoke20、If you this experiment you will understand the theory better.A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D . would do21 > I would like to do it I like itA. since B. because C . because of D . now that22、everybody is here, Let' s set offA. Since B. Because C. For D. After23、It was he was ill that he was absent yesterday.A. because B. as C. since D . now that24、it is raining, we had better take a taxi.A. For B. As C. Because of D . When25> “Why can' t you do it now?” "I' m too busy/A. Since B. AsC. BecauseD. For26、He must have passed this w a y , h e r e are his footprints.A • since B. because of C . now that D . for27、everybody is here, Let，s begin our meeting.A. Now that B. Because C. For D. When28、His speech made deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.A • such a B. so a C. so D . such29、They worked hard they finished their work ahead of time.A. so B. so that C. such that D . so as to30、He was weak he couldn' t stand up.A , such, that B ・ so, that C. very, that D . so, as to31、The foreigner spoke his interpreter could hardly catch his words.A ・ such fast that B. so fast C ・ so fast that D . so fastly that32、The book is it gives a wrong idea of the facts.A . so writing that B. such written that C. such writing that D . so written that33、The house cost we didn' t buy itA . so much money that B. so many money thatC , such much money that D . such many money that34、It is all of us can do itA ・ so easy exercise that B. such easy an exerciseC . such easy exercise D . so easy an exercise that35、She has she remembers all the names of the students she has taughtA , so good memory that B. such a good memory thatC. such good memory that D . good memory36、They stopped at Tianjing they mi^ht visit the TV tower.A. so B. because C. so that D . in order37、We all got up eady we mi曲t start at six.A. in order that B. in order to C. so D . so as to38、Let the dog loose so that it have a run.A. should B. must C. could D. need39、clearly so that your teacher you correcdy.A . Write, can understandB. Having written, can understandC. To write, could understandD ・ Writing, will understand40、He started early so that heA. could get B. got41、it was late , she went on working.A. Thou曲 B. Because42、we fail, we trying.A , Even if, don' t stopC. Even, will not stopthere in time.C. had got D . would have gotC. Since D. WhetherB. Even thougjhi, won' t stopD . Even although, shall never stop43、the pain was bad, he did not complain.A. Althou^i, but B. Thougji, but C. Thou妙i, yet D . Even, still44> physics, he likes maths better.A. As he much likes B. Much as he likes C. Much likes as he D. Likes much as he45、telephones, tell him I' m outA . No matter whoever B. Who C. WhoeverD . Anyone46、We’ 1 1 cany the reform to the end ________ happens.A . no matter how B . whatever C . anythingD . no matter which47、It takes_______ time to go there by plane than by ship.A . far fewer B. far less C . much fewerD . more less48、He is taller than in his class.A . others B . all the students C . any other one D . the other49、it was finished in time.A . As the work was difficult B . Difficult as the work wasC . Difficult as was the work D . As was the work difficult50、I am sorry ________ I have caused so much trouble.A. that B. for C. asD . since51、 he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.A . Every times B . one time C . Every timeD . Once a time52、r 1 1 tell him about it _____ I see him.A . as soon as B. so soon as C . whiile D. as53、I had hardly sat down______ the telephone rangA. than B. when C. asD.after54、Sit______ you like.A. where B. at the place C.asD. wherever55、_______ he wasn' t ready in time, we went without him.A. Since B. As C. ForD . Because of56、All plants need air_____ they need water.A . like B . as if C. as57、Work hard _____ you can succeed.A . in order to B. so that C . for fear thatD. soD , in case58、If you ______ I will go with you.A. go to B. went C .willD . should go59、The hard he works, ______ he will make.A . the greater B . the greater progress C. and the more D , more60、we have thought it over , we' 1 1 take steps.A . Till, not B. When , no C. Until, any D . Until, no口、改错1、It won' t matter even he refuses.2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people had heard of it.3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that everything was in amess.4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he mi酶 have put it.5、 No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, V m going to take a plane.8、I' m not going to talk on the point any further, thoum it is neither important nor very interesting.9、Much since I like all the books, I can' t afford to buy them.10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop.11、It has been two and a half months ago since he left12^ Thougjh the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class.14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday. He ougjht to have arrived, I think..15、They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions.16、He goes fishing wherever he has time, which is not often.17、I don' t know when he comes tomorrow . If he comes , let me know at once.18、When you read a book, you' d better make a mark that you have any questions.19、Ships are much more slower than planes that few people take them on business.20、She has such litde education that she is unfit for the job.【 答案】 ：wherever- wheneverI 、1、 B2、C3、B4、A5、D6、D7、B8、A9、B10、B11、B12、A13、B14、A15、B16、D17、B18、B19、C20、B21、B22、A23、A2 4 、 B25、C26、D27、A28、A29、B30、B31、C3 2 、 D33、A34、D35、B36、C37、A38、C39、A 40、A41、A42、B43、C44、B45、C46、B47、B 48、C49、B50、A51、C52、A53、B54、D55> B56、C57、B58、C59、B60、DII、1、even 后加 if2、when- while3、minute- moment4、whenever- wherever5、if- whether6、wheri —since7、that去掉或改为when8、though- because9、since- as10、then- when11> ago去掉12、but去掉13、 any 后加other14、q15、order 后加 that 16、17、第一个 comes- will come（ 宾从时态不限）18^ that~~where19、more去掉20、such~ so十、" It" 的用法和"There b e " 结构知识要点：一、代词it用法例 句代替前文提到过的东西或事情，用作人称代词。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.这是一本新词典，我昨天买的Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？代替指示代词，起着 this 或 that的作用Is this your car? No, it isn，t 这是你的汽车吗？不是What' s that?—It" s a video.那是什么？它是一台录像机Whose room is this?一It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的指明某人或某物的身分，还可指Who, s there? It, s me. （It sjohn）谁在那儿？是我 （ 是约翰）不明性别的婴儿Go and see who it is that rings. It' s Bill.去看看是谁来的，是比尔The Greens have a new baby. It s lovely.格林家有一个新生婴儿它很可爱指时间，距 离 ，自然现象( 天气,气 候 ，明 暗 ) 量度 ，价值等It, s Sunday to d ay .今天是星期天。

It' s three months since he came here.自从他来到这里，已经三个月了How far is it to the Great Wall . 到长城有多远？It, s getting dark 天快黑了 How much is the coat? —It' s ninety dollars.这件衣服多少钱？九十美元二、弓导词it三、it产强调结构中强调句型：It is (was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who) +其它用 法例 句形代替不定式短语It is up to you to decide.这事要由你决定It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.听说你恢复了健康，这使我很高兴式主代替动名词短语It' s no good smoking. 吸烟没有好处It' s worthwhile working the whole flight on the problem.用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的语代替主语从句It doesn' t matter what you d o .你干什么都没有关系It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道这个消息。

形式代替不定式短语I consider it better to be early.我认为能够早一些更好We found it impossible to get there before July.我们觉得，要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的宾语代替动名词短语We thou@it it no use doing that.我们认为做那事没有用代替宾语从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in hishomework on time.老师清楚地指出，每个人都应该按时交作业强调部分例 句说 明主语It is I who am to blame.是我该受责怪It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.昨天来的是你叔叔原句的谓语动词如果是现 在 或 将 来 时 态 用Iti s …that(who)如果原句谓语动词是过去时态， 则用 It was , • , that(who) o 在强调时间， 地点， 原因或方 式 时 不 要 用when,where, how ,必须用 thato宾语It was a new pen that Mother gave me .母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。

地点It was in the classroom that I left myumbrella.我把雨伞就落在了教室里时间It is at eleven that the train leaves.状火车是在H^ 一点钟离开方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他吩咐的那样做的语原因It was because he was in trouble that I triedmy best to help him.正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他宾补It was red that we painted the gate.我们把门油漆成红的颜色It was chairman that they elected him .他们选他担任的是主席的职务there be 结构基本句型结 构 例 句therebe结构肯定句there be +主+ 其它 There is a map on the wall.墙上有张地图否定句there be + not +主 + There is not a map on the wall.其它 墙上没有地图一般疑问句be + there + 主+ 其 Is there a map on the wall?它 墙上有地图吗？肯定与否定回答Yes ,there is . No, there isn' t是 的 ，有 不 ，没有特殊疑问句及回答特殊疑问词+ be + —How many maps are there on the wall?there +主+ 其它 墙上有多少张地图？―There are tw o.有两张注1:There b e句型也可以由其它动词代替be,常 用 的 词 有seem to be , happento be ,appear to be, used to be 等词组或用 live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist,flow等动词。

There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.好象我们队很有希望打败他们队Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前有一位老渔夫住在海边的一个村子里注2:There b e之后如有几个并列主语时，用is或 用are要取决于第一个主语是 单 数还有复数，单 数 用is,复 数 则 用are.There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔和两本书There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk桌 上 有两本书，一支钢笔和一支铅笔 专项训练】i t的用法1、“Do you like Esh?” "Yes, I likeA. X B. it C. that D . them2、today?18、is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment3、A . How is it B. What is it C. What is it like D .“Do you want a watch?” "How is the weather.4、A. Yes, I want it. B. Yes, I want one. C. No,aWhose exercise-book is that?” “ hers”ve got it.D . No, I' ve got the watch.5、A. That is B. This is C. It' swon' t take long to get to Shanghai by air.D. Its6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、A. That B. He C. It D. ThisWhat he has done helps us a lot,___________ ?A. isn， the B. doesn' the C. isn， tit D. doesn， titWe all thought ______no use doing thatA. it B. that C. this D. thereI took it for granted________ you would come to our party.A. when B. why C. for what D. thatHow happy______to be able to study and live together with you!A. that will be B. is it C. will it be D. it will be、I thought it to be ________ .A. him B. he C. its D. she________ very foolish of you to say so.A. It' s B. Its C. That' s D. ThisIt' s not his habit______for things.A . asks B. ask C . to ask D . askedIt has been a great honour_______coming to visit me.A. they B. you C. she D. heI found to hear what he said.15、16、17、A. that difficulty B. it difficultyC. that difficultHe is fifty, but doesn' t__________A . look at it B. look for it C . look it D . look himIt was_______who telephoned me yesterday.A. him B. his C. himself D.The sentence_____ is wrong.A. its B. it C. itself D. it' sD ・ it difficultheA. It B. This C. That19、It seems John' s not coming after all.A. this B. that C. if20、was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.A. It B. This C. ThatD. ThereD. toD ・ Such21、Was the r o o m the famous writer had ever lived in?A. that, it B. it, that C. it, where D. that, which22、is said that he has been to many places in the United States.A. ThisB. He C. ItD. That23、Whatyou want me to do?A. it isB . that C • is thisD. is it that24、Isnot important who will go?A. itB ・ that C • thisD. XThere be 结构25、Why is it ______everyone thinks he， s a thiePA. because B. as C. whenD. that26、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ being Sunday, the library was closed.A. What B. It C. ThatD. This27、Is _______ believed he is ill?A. it, that B , he, that C. it, ifD . he, for28、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is known to us ______Mary dances best.A . She, X B. It, that C. It, sheD. She,who29、“What，s this?” "_______a flag/A. This is B. That' s C. It' sD. Its30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about ________ ?A . him B. it C. thisD. that31、Is a typewriter in the room?A. heB , thereC. itD. has32、There' s no one in the house, is_____?A. itB. heC・ thereD. they33、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ must be something wrong.A. ItB. HeC. ThereD. They34、_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _there anyone around?A. WasB. WereC. There D . Has35、 used to be a church round the comer.A. HereB, There C. It D. It is36、It is reported that is going to be a storm.A. itB. thereC. XD . the weather37、Therestill a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.A. areB. wereC. isD. have38、There is a girl________for the bus.A , to waitB. waitingC , waitedD. wait39、There_ a pine tree at the top of the hill.A . standsB. liesC ・ livesD. has40、 will be a good film on at the Rex next weekA. ThereB. ItC. ThatD. This改错， 下列每句所给的选项中，各有一项是错的，请指出并改正。

41、He is certain that the secretary will be there.A B C D42、I think that a good idea to get up early.A B C D43、It makes me 4el sad that see you.A BCD44、Do you find it very dull live here?A B C D45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.AB C D46、There it must have bave D mistake.AB C D47、There is gping to have an English party at the weekend.A B C D48、Is there any one who waiting to see me ?A B C D49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence.AB CD50、It was a car ready for us.AB CD【 答案】1:1、B2、D3、B4、C 5、C 6、D7、A8、D9、D10、A 11、A 12、C13、B14、D15、C16、D 17、C 18、A19、B20^ A21、B22、C 23、D 24、A25、D26、B27、A28、B 29、C 30、B31、B32、C33、C34、A 35、B 36、B37、C38、B39、A40> A41、AH e -it42、Bthat—it 43、C that—to44、Dlive前加to45、Cto cry-crying 46、B it 去掉47、Bhave—be48、C who后加i s或把w ho去掉49、Ahave—is50、A It —There十一、交 际 英 语知识要点：一、Greeting ( 问候)1、Good morning! (afternoon, evening)2、HeUo! (Hi)3、How do you do?4、How are you?5、How are you getting on with your studies?6、How^ everything with you?7、Did you have a nice holiday? (summer vacation)二、Introduction ( 介绍)A . Introduction:1、 This is my friend, Tom..2、Let me introuduce you to my friend, Tom.3、May I introduce myselG I'm Tom.4、Please allow me to introduce my firiend, Tom.5、I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.B. Responses:1、How do you do? Pleased to meet you. （ Glad to meet you. Nice to meet you.）2、It's my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.三、Farewells （ 告别）A. Farewells:1、It's getting late. I must be going.2、It*s five o*clock already. I must be off now.3、Oh, God, it*s late, I've got to go.4、It*s time I was going, Pm afraid.5、I think I must go now.6、I think Vd better leave.7、I*m gjad to have met you.B. Responses:1、Come again whenever you are free.2、If you pass my home, drop in.3、Good flight, have a nice dream.4、Can't you stay a litde longer?5、I hope we'll meet again sometime.四、Asking and Directing the Way （ 问路和指路）A. Asking the way:1、Can you tell me the way to the post office?2、Is this the way to the post office?3、Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?5、Is the post office far from here?6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?7^ Excuse me, is there a post office near here?8、Excuse me, does this bus go to the post office?B. Responses:1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.2、No, it's not far from here. It*s only about ten minutes1 walk.3、It*s about 200 yards down the street4、Take Bus No. 3 and it will take you right there.5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left五、Asking for Time and Date （ 询问时间与日期）A . Asking:1、What time is it now?2、What's the time by your watch?3、What day is it today?4、What is the date today?5、Is your watch correct?B. Responses:1、It*s ten.2、It*s Wednesday.3、It's October, 8th.4、My watch says it*s 7:30.5、My watch always keeps good time.六、Asking about Health （ 询问健康）A . Asking:1、How are you these days?2、What*s wrong with you?3、Have you seen the doctor?4、You look tired. What's wrong?B. Responses:1、I'm not quite myself today.2、My stomach hurts3、I don*t feel like eating anything today.4、I*ve got a bad cold.七、Talking about Weather （ 谈论天气）1、Itts a fine day, isn't it?2、What's the temperature today?3、What's the weather like today?4、How is the weather?5、What's the weather going to be like at the weekend?6、Do you like the weather in BeijinR7、Do you think that we are gping to have snow today?八、Invitations （ 邀请）A. Invitations:1、Would you like to come to my birthday party?2、Will you be able to come to my birthday party?3、I*d be very gjlad if you would come to my birthday party.4、Can you fix a time for a picnic?5、Are you free tomorrow? What （ How） about having a picnic?6、Won't you come with me?7、You will come to have dinner with me, won't you?B. Responses:1、I'd be 豳d to, thank you.2、It's very kind of you to invite me.3、I'd like to, but I*m too busy.4、Thank you for your kind invitation, I will.5、I*m afraid not. I will have to look after my sick mother.6、Vm sorry, I can't Thank you very much.九、Making an Appointment （ 约会）A. Making an appointment1、Are you free this afternoon?2、How about tomorrow evening?3、Shall we meet at 7:00 at the gate of the cinema?4、When will you be able to see us?5、What time can I call on you?6、Will you be at home next Sunday?7、Don't forget to come to my birthday party.B . Responses:1、Tomorrow evening will be all rigjit2、Yes, I'll be free then.3、No, I won't be free then, but I'll be free next Wednesday.十、Making a phone call ( 打)A . Making a call:1、Hello, is Mary in?2、Hello, is that Mary speaking?3、Can I have your telephone number, please?4、Hello, may I speak to Mary?5、Could you ask him to call me, please?6、Who is it, please?B . Responses:1、This is Mary speaking.2、Hold on please.3、Mary, you are wanted on the phone.4、Mary isn't here rigjit now. Can I take a message for you?H ---- 、Shopping ( 购物)A . Shop assistant:1、What can I do fbr you?2、Can (May) I help you?3、How much do you want?4、What about this (these)?B . Customer:1、I*d like to have a look at the sweater.2、That's too expensive (dear), Vm afraid.3、That*s fine. Ill take it4、How much is it?十二、Seeing the Doctor ( 看病)A • Doctor:1、What's wrong (the matter) with you?2、How long have you been like this?3、Let me examine you.4、Take this medicine three times a day.5、Drink plenty of water and take a good rest6、It's nothing serious. Take it easy.B . Patient:1、There's something wrong with my stomach.2、I*ve got a pain here.3、I feel terrible (sick).4、This place hurts.5^ I don't feel like eating anything.十三、Requests and Offers ( 请求与提供帮助)A . Requests:1、Can (could) you do something for me?2、Will (would) you do something for me?3、May I have some ice- cream?4、Please do me a favor.5、 Please don't open the window.6、Do (Would) you mind turning down the radio?7、I wonder if you could lend me some money.B. Offers:1、Can (Shall) I help you?2、What can I do for you?3、Is there anything (else) I can do for you?4、Would you like me to do this for you?5、Would you like some help?十四、Asking for Permission ( 请求允许)A. Ask for permission:1、May I park my car here?2、Can (Could) I smoke in this room?3、Do (Would) you mind if I smoke (smoked) here?4、I wonder if I could smoke here.B. Responses:1、Certainly, (sure, of course), go ahead2、Yes, please.3、AU ri^it (OK).4、I'm sorry, it*s not allowed.5、I*m afraid not十五、Advice and Suggestions ( 劝告和建议)1、You*d better gp to see the doctor.2、You should do it at once.3、Why not gp on a picnic next Sunday?4、What (How) about going there by boat?5、Have you considered going there by boat?6、Shall we take a walk after supper?7、I suggest you do more reading.8、I advise you to take more exercises.【 专项训练】一、Greeting1、一Hello, Joan.一 Kate. Glad to see you.A. Hi B. HeDo C. Good morning D . How do you do2、一Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine.一 . You look well too.A. Great B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Not at all3、一How are you! Jane?A . How are you, Mary? B. Fine, thanks, and you? C. All is rig^it D . That's good.4、一How do you do?A • Very well, thank you. B . Why, yes. I'm fine. C . How do you do? D . What about you?5、一How*s everything with you?A . Fine, thanks B . It*s all rigjit C . Thank very much D . I'm very well6、一How's your work going?A • Not too well, I'm afraid B . Quite gpod. What about you?C • Fine, how are you, then? D . Well, thanks a lot7、一Did you have a good summer holiday?—Yes, thanks. Kate?一She's OK, thanks.A. what*s is B. How is C. Whafs wrong D. and8、一Glad to meet you again. How are you?—I*m j ust. （ 老样子）A . my old self B . old myself C . myself old D . as old myself9、一It*s nice to see you in New York. How's your family?—. My wife asked me to say hello to you.A. It*s very well B. They are fine C. That*s all rigJitD. They are good10、一How's the young man?A ・ He's twenty B . He*s a doctor C. He's much better D . He*s David11N - How on with your new job these days?- Not bad.A . do you get B . did you get C. are you getting D . have you getting12、- Hello, Kate! Fancy meeting you here! Working again, are you?- Yes, , if I want to pass the exams.A . I*ve gpt to B. no other way C . I must do D. I have on way13、In the evening you meet your foreign teacher walking towards the reataurant, you should say .A . Good evening. B . Good nigjit C. Hello. Have you had your supper? D . Hi! Going to dinner.二、Introduction1、一Hi, Tom, this is my friend John.A . Nice to meet you. B . How are you? C. Hi, Tom, Fm John. D . Are you Tom?2、一Let me introduce myself. I*m AlbertA , With a pleasure B , It's my pleasure C . Fm very pleased D . Pleased to meet you3、When you are introduced to someone, you should sayA , I*m getting on well B . I love you very much C . Fine, thank you. D . How do you do?4、一Have you met my girl friend, Susan? Susan, this is Li.A . Glad to meet you. B . Thank you. C • How are you? D , Welcome home.5、一Please allow me to introuduce Mr. Smith, director of the department.-（ 久仰大名）A ・ I haven't seen you before. B . Haven't we met before?C . I*ve heard so much about you. D . How do you do?6、If Mr. Baker is here, will please make to me?A • you, yourself know B . you, you know C . he, us know D . he, himself know7、 Let*s give him a .A. warm welcome B. warming welcome C. warmly welcome D. warm welcoming三、Farewells1、一It*s five o*clock already, I must be going.—Well, come again you are free.A. if B. whenever C. when D. while2、一Oh, God, it*s late. I*ve got to go.—. Hope to see them soon.A . Give your parents my greetingsC . Show my greetings to your parents3、一It's time I was going, I'm afraid.A . Good evening B . Good nigjitB. Remember me to your parentsD , Say hello to your parentsC. Bey—bey D . All the best4、一Well, I'd better let you get on with your workA . I’ve wasted a lot of your time B. Thank you for a lovely afternoonC , You must be tired D . I'm sorry to trouble you5、一Tm flying home on Sunday morning.—I wish you .A . a pleasant journey home B , a good trip C. good lucky D . a happy journey travel6、—I think I must go now. See you later.A. You can gp B. See you later C. Bye- bye D. So long7、一Tm gjad to have met you. Drop by sometime.A. Thank you B. Give me a call C. Thanks, I certainly will D. Take care8、一Itrs very kind of you to come and see me off.A . It's my pleasure B. much better C . Don*t say it D ・ No problem9、一I'm going camping this weekend.A . Can you fish? B . Have a good time C ・ No, I'm too busy D . Don't give up now10、一Ill go to Beijing this weekend.A. You are lucky B. The best of luck C. Thank you D. Good- bye四、Asking and Directing the Way1、一Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?-I*m sorry, I have no idea. I .A . don*t know B. am a strager here C . am new D . just come2、一 will it take me to walk there?— About ten minutes.A . How far B. How long C . How much D . What far3、一Excuse me, is there a cinema around here?—Yes, please go , then turn rigjit the first crossing.A . before, on B. ahead, at C. along, of D . forward, to4、一Excuse me, officer. I can't find the subway entrance.—See those gjass doors? Go in and you will see it on your right.A . Can you help me?C , Show me the way?B. Where is it?D . You are very helpful5、A.C.6、—Is your school far from here?—Not very far, .it is about ten minutes* walkyou need walking ten minutesB. it nees to walk ten minutesD. it is about ten~~minutes walk—Could you tell me where the train station is?A. It*s over there B. It's on the third floor C. No, I know litdeD. Yes, it*s there7、一Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?—I*m sorry, but Mr. Brown works here.A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer8、一Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Sleeping Beauty Castle?—Yes, .A ・ Go down this road B. Go ahead till you see the entranceC . It*s not far from here D . You can walk there五、Asking for Time and Date］ 、—?- - It*s the third of May?A. What day is it B. What's the date C. What's the time D . What*s the clock2、—?- I*m sorry, my watch has stopped.A. When is it B. How much is it C. What is the time D . What's the clock3、一Is your watch ri@ it?—I think so. I set it ___ the radio this morning.A. to B. of C. by D. through4、一What day is it today?A. July 27 B. Saturday C. the 27 of July D. Women*s Day5、一How long has this bookshop been in business?— 1982.A. After B. In C. From D. Since6、一When are you off?— at 21:24.—I hope you will have a goodA . My bus leaves B. My plane takes of C. My train goes D . My coach goes7、一 will the work be ready?-two months.A . How long, AfterB. How often, For C ・ How soon, In8、一Is your watch correct?D . How much, During—Yes, my watch .A. runs well B. keeps good time C. keeps rig^itD. never stops六、Asking about Health1、一How's your brother these days?—He hasn*t been to well.一 What's the matter?A. It*s bad. B. rm sorry to here that C. Very badly. D. Why?2、 —I haven't seen Bob lately.—As a matter of fact, he is ill.A. Where is he? B. Why? C. How is he? D . What does he do?3、 - You sound as if you've got a cold. .―Get a good restA. Yes, as if B. Fve been over- working C. I don't think so D. I hope not4、一I*m afraid I've got a bad cold.A , Never mind B. Keep away from meC . Better gp and see a doctor D. You need to take medicine5、一John has caught a bad cold.A , It*s too bad B. I don't believe it C. I'm sony to hear that D . Take it easy6、— , Wang?- I*ve got a headache and I feel chilly.A. What's wrong B. What the matter is C. What is matter D . How about you7、一My stomach hurts. I feel sick—For safety's sake, .A. go to see a doctor tomorrow B. Better to gp to hospitalC. you'd better see a doctor at once D . Quick go to hospital七、Talking about Weather1、一It seems to be clearing up,—That will be a nice change, ?A. isn't it B. won't it C. can't it D. doesn*t it2、一How cold is it today?A . Just so- so B . not too C. Its ten below zero D . Yes, it is3、— ?—It*s very cold and damp.A . What's the weather B. How's the weather todayC. Is it raining last nigjhit D . Mi酶 it have rained a lot4、一Do you like the weather in North China?—Not really, but now.A . I fit it B. lam used to it C. I used to it D. I agree to it5、一I wonder what the weather is going to be like tomorrow?- That's a good idea.A . Let*s look through the paper B . Let*s listen to the weather report on the radioC ・ Better be care of the radio D . Pay attention to the radio6、— .—It certainly is. The sun is shining and there is a pleasant breeze.-It*s lovely.A . What nice it is B . How nice it is here C. It is like spring here D . What a good day here7、一What a nice day, isn*t it?A . You're ri妙it.8、— ?B. Yes, isn't it?C . Yes, I agree. D . Really?—Yes, a bit cold, thou0bL.A. Cold weather, isnft itC . Freezing, isn't it9、一 today?-It's nice and warm.A . What's the weatherC . How is the weather likeB . Bad weather, don't you thinkD , Nice day, isn*t itB . What's the weather likeD . How does the weather look like10、一Do you think it is going to snow over the weekend?A ・ I don't believe B . I don*t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not八、Invitations1、一Would you like to come around for a meal on my birthday?-Oh, yes. Thank you very much.A . When is your birthday? B. What day is your birthday?C , When were you bom? D . What time is your birthday?2、一Have you got anything to do tomorrow?A. Yes, a lot of B. No, I won't be busy C. Certainly have D . Oh, that*s a pity3、一Would you like to come to the cinema, Frank?— I have to do my homework.A . I don't, I*m afraid. B . I can,t, I*m afraid. C . I*m sorry. D . Oh, pity!4、一Helen, I'd be g ad if you would come and have tea with us on Friday.A . I try to go B. Many thanks for your kind invitation, I willC. I am very busy D . I must go5、一How about going to "Grand" for dinner?— . It*s a long time since we had a good meal.A. wellB. That sounds like a good ideaC. Thank youD . But I'm too busy6、一Do you have to go? Can't you stay and have a meal?- I really think I must be off now.A . I*d love to, but B. Yes, I mustC . No, I don*t have to but D . Yes, I can, but7、一Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?A. Fd like B. I like itC. Fd like to D. Fd like it8、一Will you be able to come and see us on Friday?— , I will have to workA . I believe yes B . I don*t hope so C. I won*t be able to D . I*m afraid not9、一Shall I call for you of will you call for me?- You*d better come for me, ?A . can you B. OK C . really D . would you10、一Would you like to come to dinner tonight?-I*d like to, I*m too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but九、Making an Appointment1、一Good morning, I*d like to see Mr. Baker, please.—Mr. Baker is quite busy. .A. You can't see him B. You won*tbe able to see himC . I*m afraid you won't be able to see him today. D . Please come next time.2、一Will you be able to come to see us sometime next month?A . I believe yes B . I don*t hope so C. I won't be able to D . I'm afraid not3、一When will you be free this month, Mr. Smith?—, maybe we'll be free next Sunday.A . Let me be B . Let me see C . I'm afraid D . Think it over4、一What time can I call on you?—Any time this evening will be .A. OK B. ri^it C. good D. free5、一I*m sony to say that I can't come to your party—? Haven't we agreed on?A , What is it B. What is it now C. How is it D . What do you think6、一I have an appointment with Mr. Black. My name is John Brown.—Ah, yes, your appointment is at 4:15. , please, Mr. Brown?A . Wait a minute B . May you wait C. Can you wait a minute D . Take it easy7、一I'm sorry to keep you waiting.―Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.A . have been B. had been C . was D . will be8、一Fil come back tomorrow evening at nine. Can you meet me at the airport?A . All rigjit B . All ri^it Nice to see you C . OK, wait for me D . All rigjit See you then9、一Will you be at home next Sunday?A . Yes, but why? B. No, never mind. C ・ Not at all. D. Yes, of course not10、一Don*t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.A . I don't B . I won*t C. I can't D . I haven't十、Making a phone call1、一Hello, is Henry in?—I m sorry, he isn t here. iA . What's the matter B . May I help you C . Is there anything2、一Could you ask him to call me, please?— ! What's your name, please?A . Sure B. Oh3、— ?一Sure, it's 65250786.A . What's your telephone numberC. Can I help you4、The operator put himA. over B. onC. Yes D. WellB , Can I have your telephone numberD ・ Can you make your telephone number65250786.C. througjh D. in5、一Would you please tell John I called?—, please.A . Hold on B. Hold up C. Hold over D . Hold out6、一Is this number 61234567?A . No, you are wrong B . Sorry, you've got the wrong phoneC . No, you've dialed the wrong number D . No, you are7、一Hello. May I speak to Zhou Lan?—Yes. .A . My name is Zhou Lan B . I*m Zhou Lan C . This is Zhou Lan speaking D . Zhou Lan's me8、一Do you want to have a message?—No, thanks. I in half an hour.A • will call again B. can call C . may phone him D . would callH—* 、Shopping1、一I*d like to buy a ten-speed bicyde.―How about this kind of type?—?A . How many is it B. How is it C. How much is it D. How expensive is2s — do you want?—Half a kilo, please.A . How many apples B. What are apples C . How many apple D . How much apples3、一What's the problem?—I*m afraid . It*s a size 12 and it's too small.A. itdon*tsuit B. itisn*tfitC. it doesn't fit D. itisnft suit4、一How much is the blue skirt?- Ten dollars.A . How many size do you want?C . How large do you want?5、一What about the dark blue sweater?B ・ What size do you take?D . What size do you dress?—I like it, but it• You decide.A . costs too much B. take too much C. cost too many6、一Would you mind if I looked at some of your tape recorders?D . spends too muchA , I*d better to see what the boss has to say about it B. Not at all, sir. Go tigjit aheadC . Thank you for your coming D. Yes, do that, sir7> - Do you think the shirt really fits me?— . It goes well with your tie, too.A . Of course it does B. Yes, it does C. I am not sure D . Perhaps it does8、一Shall I ask the shop keeper if I can .—OK. And we*d better ask Mom whether it's cheap enougji.A. take it on B. tty it on C. wear D. put it on9、一How much did you the dress?—We 210 yuan for itA . spend, pay for B. pay for, cost for C . pay for, paid D . take, pay十二、Seeing the Doctor1、—Well, ?—I feel hot and feverish.A . how do you feel like B. what's the matter with youC . what do you feel D . what illness do you have2、— ?—Yes, I have. My temperature seems all rig^itA . Do you know your temperature B. Have you taken your temperatureC • Have you had your temperature D . Do you have your temperature3、一Oh, doctor. Are you sure it's nothing serious?- Yes, . Tm sure of that.A • he'll well soon B. he can be rigjit quicklyC. he'll be all ri酶 soon D . he'll be good soon4、一You haven't had your lunch?—I had a litde, but .A , I didn't feel like eating B . I didn't feel like to eatC. I didn't like to eating D . I didn*t want to eating5、—?—I'm feeling even worse after taking the medicine.A . Are you feeling better B. How are you feelingC ・ How are you getting on D . How are you going6、一How about your headache now?—I can't get rid of it. I don、 know what's the matter.—Take it easy. .―Thank you, doctor.A , Take this medicine before you go to bed B. Drink plenty of water and take a good restC . Take this medicine a day three times D . Go home and lie in bed for a good rest7、一My whole body feels weak and I*ve got a headache.—— ?A . How long ago did you get it this B. How long have you been like thisC . How soon have you got it D . How soon have you liked this十三、Requests and Offers1、一Can I count on you for help?A . As you like. B. I*m sorry. C . Yes, you certainly can D . Why do you ask?2、一Could you spare me some ink?A. Yes, of course B, Not at all C. Yes, I cold D. Never mind3、一Let me help you carry the box.—No, I can manage, but .A . not at all B. it doesn't matter C . thank you just the same D . the same to you4、一Will you make me a kite?A. I*m gjad B . 1 1 1 1 be glad C. Im gpingto gjad D. Ill be @ad to5、一You seem to get lost. Need help?A. Yes, would you help me with the bag? B . Yes, take me please.C . Help me find the key, please. D . I'm looking for Shanghai Road.6、一Ml be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all. .A . I*ve no time B . I*d rather not C . rd like it D . I*d be happy to7、If you want to ask someone for help, which drills shouldn't you say ?A . Could you do me a favor B. Would you do me a favorC . May I ask a favor of you D . Can you give me a help8、一Can I have some meat?—Certainly, justA . take it as you likeC. help yourself十四、Asking for PermissionB. eat it as you pleaseD . help yoxirself at home1、一Would you mind if I played the violin here?A . No, you won't B. No, do as you pleaseC . Yes, I don*t mind D . Yes, do as you please2、•一May I stop here?—No, you .A. mustn't B. migjitnot C. needn*t D. won't3、一Shall I tell John about it?—No, you . I*ve told him already.A. needn*t B. wouldn*t C. mustn't D. shouldn*t4、一Can I use your tape recorder for a while?—Yes, .A . go ahead B. you can*t broke it C. all rigjit D . no, sorry5、? I didn't quite catch you.A . Will you please repeat it again B . PardonC . What did you say D . Say it again now6、Dick wants to go to the toilet during the class. He puts up his hand and says to his teacher:A . Excuse me, I can't stand any longer. B . Will you please let me go?C . Please, sir, may I be excused? D . I must go outside.7、一Can I go and have a look at it?—Yes, of course. .A . After me B. Come this way C. You may lookD. This direction十五、Advice and Su^estions1、一I usually go there by train.—Why not by boat for a change?A. to try gping B. trying to go C. to try and gp D. try going2、一I*d like information about the management of your hotel.—Well, you could have word with the manager, he mig^it be helpfulA . some, a B. an, some C. some, some D . an, a3、一I'm afraid I*ve got a bad cold.A . Never mind B. Keep away from the medicineC . Better go and see a doctor D . You need take a medicine4、一I can't see the words on the blackboard.—Perhaps you need .A . to examine your eyesB . to have your eyes examinedC ・ to have examined your eyes5、一Let*s go and see our teacher onA. That*s will doC • That's all rigjit【 答案】一s Greetings:1、 B 2、 B 3、 BD . your eyes to be examinedTeachers* Day.B. That's allD. AU right4、C 5、A6、B 7、B 8、A9、 B 10、 C11、C 12、A 13、A二、Introduction:1、A 2、D 3、D4、A 5、C6、D 7、A三、Farewells:1、B 2、D 3、B4、 B 5、 A6、B 7、C 8、A9、 B 10、 B四、Asking and Directing the Way:1、B 2、B 3、B4、A 5、A6、A 7、D 8、B五、Asking for Time and Date:1、B 2、C 3、C4、 B 5、 D6、B 7、C 8、B六、Asking about Health:1、B 2、C 3、B4、C 5、C6、A 7、C七、Talking about Weather1、B 2、C 3、B4、 B 5、 B6、B 7、B 8、D9、 B 10、 D八、Invitation:1、B 2、B 3、B4、 B 5、 B6、A 7、C8、D9、B10、D九、Making an Appointment:1、 C 2、 D3、B4、A5、C6、 C 7、 A8、D9、A10、B十、Making a Phone Call:1、 B 2、 A3、B4、C5、A6、C 7、CH— \ Shopping:1、 C 2、 A8、A3、C4、B5、A6、 B 7、 A十二、Seeing the Doctor1、 B 2、 B8、B3、C9、C4、A5、B6、A 7、B十三、Requests and Offers:1、 C 2、 A3、C4、D5、D6、 D 7、 D十四、Asking for Permission:1、 B 2、 A8、C3、A4、A5、B6、C 7、B十五、Advice and Suggestions:1、D 2、A 3、C4、B5、D十二、非谓语动词知识要点：一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（ - ）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有动词不定 式 （ the Infinitive） ； 动名词（ the Gerund） ； 现在分词（ the Present Participle） ； 过去分词（ the Past Participle） o1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They su^ested building a ffliden.2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有主动与被动， “ 体”式 （ 一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化例如：He was punished by his parents.（ 谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（ 动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（ 谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in .（ 现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（ 谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the w ork.（ 动词不定式的逻辑主语）亚 are League members.（ 谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（ 现在分词的逻辑主语）2、1）2）3）非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：非谓语动词可以有名词作用（ 如动词不定式和动名词） ，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（ 如动词不定式和分词） ，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语非谓语动词可以有副词作用（ 如动词不定式和分词） ，在句中作状语He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如:The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如:I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have cau血 a 81d.3）作宾语］常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree,promise, prefer,如果不定式（ 宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（ 不定式）后置,放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式足可充当介词宾语，如 ：I have no choice b u t stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如 ：He gave us some advice on how to learn En®sh.4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, teU, order, beg,permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如 ：With a lot of work to do, he didn， t go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to 的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时， 不定式要加 to ,如 ：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。

与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如 ：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry aboutWhat did you open it with?如果不定式修饰time, place, w ay,可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to sent?Have you got anything to be sent?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the workC）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.6）作状语：A）表目的：He worked day and ni^it to / t the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong: To save money,暨叩 卬驾a has been tried.rigjit: To save money, he has tried every means.wrong: To learn En"ish well, a dictiorwjy is needed.ri妙it: To learn EnWish well, he needs a dictionary.B）表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him outc ）表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.D ）表程度：It，s too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.7）作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I don t like the way he talked.8）不定式的省略：保留to省略d o动词。

If you don' t want to do it, you don' t need to.9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略toHe wished to study medicine and become a doctor.（ - ）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能1、动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：n o t+动名词1） 一般式：Seeing is believing.眼见为实2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到 了 晚会3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film.我们记得看过这部电影4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years o ld .他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过5）否定式：not +动名词I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。

6）复合结构：物 主 代 词 （ 或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次His not knowing En^ish troubled him a l o t他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦2、动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮彳艮有趣当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语It' s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的 °2）作表语：In the ant city, the queen s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵3）作宾语：They haven' t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语 ，则常用形式宾语乜 例 如 ：We found it no good making fun of others.我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（ 避免） , excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss,consider, admit （ 承认） ，deny （ 否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk （ 冒险）, appreciate （ 感激）, be busy,be worth, feel like, can, t stand, can' t help, think of, dream ofi be fond of, prevent••• （ from） Jkeep •--from,stop--•（ from） ,protect, - - from,set about, be engaged in, spend--,（ in） , succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, payattention to, insist on, feel like4）作定语：He can' t walk without a walking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路 。

Is there a swimming pool in your school.你们学校有游泳池吗？5）作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变 三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能1、现在分词的形式：现在分词及物动词write不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式having writtenhaving been writtenhaving gone否定式：n o t+ 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.做完作业，他开始打兰球 °2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important 正在被讨论的问题很重要Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍, 这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误2、现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力 了The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor，s father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如 ：in the fbllowing years也可用in the years that followed,the man speaking 可改为 the man who is speaking.2）现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心be + doing既可能表示现在进行时， 也可能是现在分词做表语， 它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch 等例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room ?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门 口等着4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：（ While） Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人B）作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others.由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。

C）作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗D ）作条件状语：（ IQ Playing all day, you will waste your valuable tim e.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间E）作结果状语：He dropped the Jass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了 ,结果摔得粉碎F）作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了G ）作让步状语：Thougjhi raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了Time permitting we' 1 1 do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with （ without） +名 词 （ 代词宾格）+ 分词形式With the limits burning he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了H ）作独立成分：Judging frotn（ by） his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看, 他一*定是个演员Generally speaking girls are more carefbl. 一般说来，女孩子更细心 四）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-e d构成不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求 ，要- - - - 记住过去分词的句法功能：1、过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.上周一1 我们班开展了一1次有组织的旅行Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2、过去分词作表语：The window is broken.窗户破了The were firi水tened at the sad s i^ it他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕注意b e +过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态区别:The window is broken.（ 系表）The window was broken by the boy.（ 被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成如 ：boiled water （ 开水） fallen leaves （ 落叶）newly arrived goods （ 新到的货）the risen sun （ 升起的太阳）the changed world （ 变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed 等3、过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

4、过去分词作状语:Praised by the nei^ibours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬， 他成为父母的骄傲 表示原s FOnce seen, it can never be forgptten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了 表示时间）Given more time」'1 1 be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好 表示条件）Thou命told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子 表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了 希望与恐惧，他走进山洞丁区去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied.所有的书期末时都还了 , 图书管理员很高兴。

The field plou水ed, he began to spread seed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子非谓语动词用法薇知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为例如：Collecting information about children' s health is his jo b .收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作It' s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（ 1） It' s difficult （ important, necessary） for sb. to do（ 2） It' s kind （ good, firiendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, dever, foolish, brave） of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It' s no good （ use, fun） doing.It' s （ a） waste of time one' s doing.It' s worth while doing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。

His teaching aim of this class is to train the students' speaking ability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中Its full-time job is laying e ^ s.它 的 （ 指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作The task of this class is practising the id io m s.（ 现在分词做表语）With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. （ 现在进行时）4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等现在分词表示进行与主动The joke is amusing . 这笑话很逗人The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人不解。

5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作The village is surrounded by higjhi mountains.（ 过去分词做表语）The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.（ 被动语态）He is well educated. （ 过去分词做表语）He has been educated in this college for three years.（ 被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satisfied, surrounded, done, lost,decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected 等6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest （ 使…感兴趣） ，surprise （ 使•… 吃惊） ，fri^iten（ 使…害怕） ,excite （ 使…兴奋） ,tire （ 使…疲劳） ，please （ 使…满意） ,puzzle （ 使…迷惑不解） ,satisfy（ 使…满意） ，amuse （ 使…娱乐） ,disappoint （ 使…失望） ,inspire （ 使…欢欣鼓舞） ,worry （ 使…忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（ 有时修饰人） ，表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表 示 被 动 （ 包括某人的look,voice等） o 例如：Climbing is tiring. 爬山彳艮累人。

They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：1> 下列动词跟不定式做宾语：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail,plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise 等2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy, finish, surest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss,appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can' t stand, can' t help, think of, dream o£ be fond o£ prevent, , , （ from） ,keep---from, stop, , • （ from） , protect,from, set about, be engaged in, spend--,（ in） , succeed in, be used to, lookforward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on 等。

3、在 fbr即t, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式having done.He fbrgpt to tell me to post the letter.（ 他忘 了叫我发信 ）I shall never forggt finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.我永远也忘不了 在一个普通信封上发现了 那枚珍贵的邮票Remember to write to us when you get there.到那里，记得给我们写信I don' t remember meeting him .我不记得见过他I regret to tell you that I can" t go to your birth-day party.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了They regretted agreeing to the plan.他们后悔同意这个计划He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his firiend.他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。

She tried reading a novel, but that couldn' t make her forget her sorrow.她试着看看小说,但也不能使她忘记伤心事I didn，t mean to hurt you.我没有企图伤害你A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人4、动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式The washing-machine needs repairing.（ 或用:needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理The point wants referring to. 这一点要提至!jThis En^ish novel is worth reading.这本英文小说值得一读The situation in Russian required studying.俄国形式需要研究四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order,cause, encourage, wait for, call on, permit, forbidThe doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。

We wish him to remain and accept the p o s t我们希望他留下来接受这个职位 注意hope后不跟不定式做宾#oF2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to ” 的不定式，这些动词有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, let, have等例如：We noticed him enter the house.我们留意到他进了那所房子The boss made them work twelve hours a day.老板让他们一天干 12 小时工作注意当make、have不 做 “ 迫使、让”讲 ，而 做 “ 制造、有”解时，跟带有to 的不定式做状语Mother made a cake to celebrate his birthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日He had a meeting to attend.他有个会要开3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, make, set, have, leave, keep, find等。

用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系例 ：We heard him singing the song when we came in .当我们进来的时候,听见他正唱那首歌We have heard the song sung twice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了五、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作例如：He had no house to live in but a lot of work to d o .他没有房子住却有好多活要干Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们班长是第一个到的2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作a walking stick 拐 杖 （ 动名词做定语,意为 a stick for walking）a sleeping c a r卧铺车厢（ 动名词做定语，意为a car for sleeping）the rising su n 正在升起的太阳（ 现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising）the changing world变化中的世界（ 现在分词做定语，意为the world which is changing）3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。

如 ：a piece of disappointing news 使人失望的消息（ 意同 a piece of news which disappointed us）in the following years 在后来的几年中（ 意同 in the years that followed）a well dressed woman 衣着讲究的女士（ 意同 a woman who is dressed well）a car parked at the gate 停在门 口 的小汽车（ 意同 a car which was parked at the gate）六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：He hurried home only to find his money stolen.他匆忙赶到家中,发现钱被盗了 结果状语）To make himself heard, he raised his voice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门 目的状语）All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. 看到他的进步,我们都很吃惊。

砥因状语）2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seen firom the top of the hill, the town is beautifbL 从山上看，这座城市很美 条件状语）Coming into the room, he found his father angry.当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了 时间状语）Being tired, they went on working.虽然累了，但他们继续工作 让步状语）Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the litde boy began to cry.由于被大孩子打了 鼻子, 那个小男孩哭了 原因状语）He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里, 尝了尝， 笑了,看起来挺高兴 伴随状语）【 专项训练】 ：1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood.A . grow B . grew C. was growing D . to grow2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A • so not as to B. so as not to C . so as to not D . not so as to3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest4、 The next morning she found the man in bed, dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying5、Only one of these books is.A . worth to read B . worth being read C. worth of reading D . worth reading6、The squirrel was lucky that it just mi s s ed.A . catching B. to be caught C . beingcaugjht D . to catch7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited8、Shedidn，t remember him before.A . having metB. have met C. to meet9、 - - - -Good morning. Can I help you?------ 1，d like to have this p a c k a g e , madam.A ・ be weighed B. to be weighed C . to weigjiD. invitingD . to having metD. weighed10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of ligjit.A . followed B. following C. to be followed D . being followed11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.A . bought B . buying C . to buy D . buy13、The secretary worked late into the nigjit, a long speech for the president.A . to prepare B . preparing C. prepared D . was preparing14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Adantic Ocean in five days.A . sail B. to sail C . sailing D . to have sailed15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishmentA. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing16> I would appreciate back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you， re calling17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes.A . open B. to be opened C . to open D . opening18、 a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A . to have invented B . inventing C . to invent D . having invented20、 “Can' t you read?” Mary said to the notice.A . angrily pointing B . and point angrily C . angrily pointed D . and angrily pointing21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.A , ride, ride B ・ riding, ride C. ride, to ride D . to ride, riding22、The missing boys were last seen near the river.A• playing B. to be playing C. play D . to play23、The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.A . having added B. to add C . adding D . added24、The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A • having written B. to be written C. being written D . written25、We agreed here but so far she hasn， t turned up yetA. having metB . meeting C • to meet D . to have met26、- - -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.------Well, now I regret thatA. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D . having done27、The patient was warned oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D . not eating28、in thougjit, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A ・ Losting B. Having lost C . Lost D . To lose29、------Is this raincoat yours?------No, mine there behind the door.A . is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D . hung30、The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A ・ first playing B. to be first played C. first playedD. to be first playing31、We saw the bird flap its wings and away.A. fly B. flied C. flew D. flying32、I insisted that the dictionary to be bought at once.A • refers to B. refer C. referred D . referring33、, ice will be changed into water.A , Heating B ・ Heated C. If heating D . To be heated34、The foreigner seemed his way.A. to be losing B. to have misse C. to have lost D . missed35、Don' t leave me alone at home.A . to stay B. stay C . staying D . stayed36、Whatever must weD.A. is to be done, be done B. are to do, do C. is to do --be done D. are to be done, do37、The officer ordered the wounded soldier at once.A • to operate B. be operated C . was operated onD. to be operated on38、With the walls whi t e, the room seems larger.A , painting B・ painted C. to be painted D . has been painted39、- - -Can I help you?------1' d like to have the shoes, for they are a bit smaller.A. changing B. changed C. to be changing D . be changed40、On hearing the news, the woman stood t here.A. fri^itened B. frighteningC. to frighten D. to be frightened41、the train, they decided to wait for another.A. Missed B. Missing C. Having missed D. Being missed42、There no bus, I had to walk home.A. is B. was C. were D. being43、At present, there is a new airport and supermarket in the south of the town.A , built B. to be built C. being built D . is being built44、The young man told the doctor that he didn' t need his heart .A . having, checked B . to have, checked C . having, to check D . to have, to check45、Try the back door if nobody answers the front door.A , to knock at B . knocking at C . and knock at D . and knocking at46、We have to do something to stop wild a n i ma l s •A . killing B. to be killedC. being killed D . to kill47、, we plan to hold a class meeting.A . Time permitting B . Time permits C. If time is permitted D . Time permitted48、With the boy the way, the soldiers got to the position in time.A ・ led B . leading C . being led D . was leading49、The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for him without delay.A . to weave B. to be woven C . to have woven D. to be weaving50 Look at his look. It seems as if he had met a tiger.A . firigjitened, fngjhitening B. firigjitening, firi^hitenedC , frightened, frightened D . frightening, fid^itening51、, the players began the game.A ・ Having taken our seats B. Taking our seatsC . After we took our seats D . Being taken the seats52、him before, she didn， t know he was her uncle.A • Not having seen B. Having not seenC. Not seeing D. Not being seen53、many times, but he made the same mistake again.A . Having been told B. Althougji he had been toldC • He had been told D . Having told54、The @ass of water is too hot I prefer some cold water.A , boiled B . boiling C . to boil D . having boiled55、The litde boy entered the classroom wi t hout .A. noticing B. noticed C. being noticed D . notice56> We' re considering English in pairs after class.A , practising speaking B. practising to speakC . to practise speaking D . to practise to speak57、the mixture, the teacher showed it around the classroom.A . To see B. More students to seeC . For more students to see D . Seen58、I apologize for my promise.A , not to keep B. being kept C . not having kept D . having not kept59、The book on the desk to her.A. lying,belonging B. lay,belongC , lying, belongs D . being lie, is belong60、, Mary had to stay at home to look after her.A . Being ill B . To be ill C. Her mother was ill D . Her mother being ill61、much En^ish troubled him a lot.A . His not knowing B. Not he knowingC . His having not known D . His not known62、He won' t attend the meeting unless to give a speech.A , invited B. inviting C. being invited D . he will be invited63、He got the first and won the prize as.A• expected B. expecting C. to be expected D . expect64、He stood there with his eyes me.A . fixing B. fixing on C. fixed to D . fixed on65、Mother warned him after drinking.A , to never drive B. never to drive C. never driving D . never drive66、I remember something like that.A . that he say B. him to say C. his saying D . him having said67、Did you smell s o me t h i n g ?A. burnt B. to bum C. to be burning D . burning68、 Because of air pollution, this city is no l onger .A ・ a good place to live in B. a good place for living inC . a good place to live D . a good place to be lived in69、Let the day.A. to be remembered B. remembered C. be remembered D . remember70、His par ent s, the orphan is now taken care of by the villagers.A , dead B . dying C. have died D . having died71、Would you be to do me a favour?A , as good as B. so good as C. enough good D . good enougjti as72、He had us all throu^i the party.A • laugjiing B . to lau曲 C . laugjh D . laughed73、The nurse suggested the old man, for he had a long time to waitA , to sit down B ・ sit down C . would sit down D . sat down74、Those who have que s t i ons , raise your hands.A , asked B. ask C. asking D . to ask75、This room is used food.A. to store B. storing C. to storing D. stored76> We can' t keep our eyes to all this.A. shut B ・ shutting C , to shut D . shutted77、I don' t feel like to the cinema.A. go B. going C. gone D . to go78N you the truth, I don' t like the design he offered.A. Tell B. Told C. Telling D. ToteU79、at the station, they found the t rai n.A ・ Arriving, going B. Arrived, go C. Arriving, gone D . Arrived, gone80、What he said made us.15、A 16、C 17、A 18、CA. to surprise B. surpriseC. surprisingD . surprised［答案］ :1、A2、B3、C 4、A5、D6、C7、A8、A9、D 10、BIls D12、A13、B14、C19、A20、A21、C22、A23、C24、D25、C26、D27、C28、C29、A30、C31、A32、C33、B34、C35、C36、A37、D38、B39、B40、A41、C42、D43、C44、B45、B46、C47、A48、B49、B50、A51、C52、A53、C54、A55、C56、A57、C58、C59、C60、D61、A62、A63、A64、D65、B66、C67、D68、A69、C70、D71、B72、A73、B74、D75、A76、A77、B78、D79、C80、D十三、The Sentences 句子知识要点：句子按使用的目的可分为四类：1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句从结构上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句—■ 、句子的种类( Kinds of Sentences)1、陈述句：( 1 )肯定句：We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。

2 )否定句：They don' t go to work on Sundays,他们星期日不上班说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法2、疑问句：(1) 一般疑问句：Are you a worker?你是个工人吗？Yes, 1 am .是的，我是工人Haven' t you seen the film? No, I haven' t你没看过这部电影吗？没看过说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句回答要用yes或n 2 )特殊疑问句：Who is the m an?这人是谁？When do you watch T V ?你什么时间看电视？What are they doing now ?他们现在正在干什么？说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序( 或称为疑问词加一般疑问句)( 3 )选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Either will d o .你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French.他学日语还是学法语？他学法语说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。

4 )反意疑问句：They are going to the airport, aren， t they?他们要去机场，是吗？You haven' t finished your homework, have you?你没做完作业，是吗？说明： 提出情况或看法问对方是否同意 在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定， 后为否定;前面句子否定，后为肯定He seldom went to bed at ten, did he?他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？He knows little Russian, does he?他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, Utde等否定意义的副词时,附加问句用肯定形式 5 ) 祈使句：a . 陈述句：Be sure to get there at ei的t•八点钟一 * 定要到那儿b . 否定句：Don, t worry. I' 1 1 help you out.别担心, 我会帮助你的说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形 6 ) 感叹句：what + n.： What great changes we have had these years!这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！What a fine day it is!多好的天呀！how + adj.： How brave he is!他多么勇敢呀！how + adv. ： How hard they are working!他们工作多努力呀！How time flies!时间过得多么快呀！How + adj. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)! =What a nice boy he is!多么好的孩子啊！说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。

what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子二、句子的类型( Types of Sentences)1、简单句的句子的类型：一个主语+ 一个谓语，例 ：The girl plays the piano every day.那女孩每天弹钢琴两个主语+ 一个谓语，例 ：Tom and I are good friends.汤姆和我是好朋友一个主语+ 两个谓语，例 ：He opened the door and left.他打开门出去了两个主语或两个谓语或更多， 例 ： Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends.史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例 ：HeUo!喂！Help! Help!救命啊！救命！Many thanks.万分感谢2、简单句的基本句型( The Basic Sentence Patterns)句型结构：( 1 ) 主语+ 不及物动词：S + V L ,例 ：Birds fly.鸟飞 They disappeared.他们消失了。

2 ) 主 + 连系动词+表语：S + V + P , 例 ：She is a university student.她是一名大学生He has become a p ilo t他已成为一^ 名飞行员 3 ) 主 + 及物动词+ 宾语：S + Vt + O , 例 ：He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳We help each other.我们互相帮助 4 ) 主 + 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O , 例 ：I told my friend the good news.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友They sent us a telegram.他们给我们拍了电报 5 ) 主 + 及物动词+宾 语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C , 例 ：They named the boy Jack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克I want everything ready by ei^it o' clock.我要求一切都要在八点前准备好注 ：S = Subject ( 主语)Vi=Intransitive Verbs ( 不及物动词)Vt二Transitive Verb ( 及物动词)P=Predicative( 表 语 )O=Object ( 宾语)C=Complement 补语重点、难点：否定陈述句要注意下列几点：( 1 )否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /a n y )构成的，除not和n o外， 用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。

常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等 2 )其他成分的否定形式有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种否定的主语：Nobody will agree with you.没人同意你的意见None of the students like the n o v el没有学生喜欢这本小说No student here studies Russian,这里没有一1 个学生学俄语否定的宾语：We saw nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我们什么都看不见He will borrow the book from nobody.他从谁那都借不来这本书You must remember not to be late for class.你必须记住上课不准迟到否定的状语：They came here not by bike but on fo o t他不是骑车来的而是走着来的We could find him nowhere.我们什么地方也找不到他 3 )不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。

All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees.)这里的树并非都是苹果树有的是苹果树，有的不是 )Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)这姐儿俩并不都是护士Everybody can' t do it (= Not everybody can do it.)并不是人人都能做这件事 专项训练】 ：一、陈述句和疑问句：1、They happy when they hear the news.A. will B. will be C. were D. don' t2、- - - - " Is your uncle a driver?”a nA • No, but my aunt is B. Yes, but my anut is C. No, he doesn， t D . Yes, he does3、We satisfied with their work.A. don' t B. are not C. won' t D. weren， t being4、He coffee at all. He tea.A. doesn， tlike,prefers B. likes,doesn， tpreferC . would like, not prefers D . prefers, is not fond of5、She me only twice since last year.A . sees B. was seeing C . has seen D . have seen6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.A . used to live, lives B . used to living, lived C. uses to live, is living D . was used to live, lives7、You make such mistakes again.A . should never B. should not always C . would always not D . would not forever8、 “Can you drive a car?” "•"A. Yes, and Jim can' t too B. Yes, but Jim can， t C. No, but Jim can, tooD. No, but Jim can， t9、 “Are you going to the super market?” " No, ・ ”A. I cycle there B. I walk there C. to the work D . I' ve already been there10% In Engj^nd tea with milk or sugar in itA . usually drinks B. is usually drunk C. usually is drunk D . drank usually11、 “Is she going to the post office?^ "No,A. she doesn， t B. she goes by bike C. to the shops D. she' s on the bike12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball.A. doesn， t,is B. doesn， t, were C. is, does D. was, is13、When home from work?A . do your parents come B. does your parents come C. have your parentsD. our parents come[4、Which of the students the examination?A. not pass B. didn， t pass C. pass D. didn' t passed15、They trouble lifting the heavy box.A. didn' t have many B. hadn' t a lot of C. didn' t have much D. haven t a great deal of16、 - - - “Did you have breakfast this morning?A. Yes, I had B. Yes, I did C. No, I hadn? t D. No, I didn' t have.17、colour is the cover of the dictionary?A. What B. Which C. How D. Whose18、 ”does he brush his teeth a day?” "Twice.”A ・ What time B. How long C. When D . How many times19、There are many pictures on the wall.do you like best?A. What B . Which one C. Which of the picture D . Which one picture20、Since when her?A , did you know B. have you known C . do you know D . you know21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “A. Yes, it is B. Yes, it belongs C. No it doesn， t D. No, it isn' t22> “Would you rather wait or come back later?” ".A. I' d rather come back B. Yes, I' d rather not wait C. No, I' d rather wait D . to come back23、 “shoes do you take?” “Size 42.”A. Which number B. What number C. What size D. What24、 *is the weather like today?” "It' s windy.”A. What B. How C. What kind D. Which25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, iA . if have B. if any C. if ever D . if not26 is the distance between these two villages?A , How far B. What C. How long D .27、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month.A . How many timeB. How much C . How long28、How it in En^ish?A . you say B. do you speak C . do you say29、is the population of die city?A. How much B. How many C. HowHow muchD ・ How oftenD . to speakD. What二、感叹句、祈使句30、________ did she get this information?31、32、33、A. Whom B. Who C. Where D. What________ does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan.A. How manyB. What priceC. What D. How expensiveAbout___________ do you want to know more?A. Whom B. who C. which D . whatWe haven t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose__________ to her.34、35、A . was happening B. to happen C. has happened D .Have you heard the news about Jim?——No. What________ ?A . is it B. it is C. are they D . theyWould you rather go there by train or by air?having happenedare36、A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldn， t C. Yes, by air________ I go or you go yourself?D. By air37、A. Will- -wiU B. Shall…shall C. Shall…will D.Do you think the question easy or not?win-,•shall38、A . Yes, I do B. No, I don' t C. It is easyShall we stay at home or_________ to the park?A. to go B. going C. go D. will goD. Yes, it' s easy39、40、________ writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?A. WhicheverB. Whether C. What D. Which________ was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic?It was open to traffic in 1968.A . What B. What time C. How long D . When41、from Beijing to London!A. How long way it is B. What a long way it isC. What a long way is it D . How long a way is it42、Oh, John, you gave us!A , How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise43、terrible weather we' ve been having these days!A. How a B. What a C. How D. What44、girl she is!A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bri^it a D . What a bright45、we have today?A. How fine day B. What fine day C. How a fine day D . What a fine day46、How________ flowers are!A. beautifulB , beautifully C. beautiful theD . beautiful that47、How !A. does time flyB. times fly C. time fliesD . flies time48、Whatwork he does!A. harder B. hard C. hardly D . hardest49、careful our monitor is!A• How a B. How C. What a D . What50、advice he gave us!A . What a B. How goodC. What goodD. How51、picture it is!A • What wonderful B. How a wonderful C . What wonderful a D . How wonderful a52、I wish to pay a visit to Hon^cong!A. How do B. What do C. What D . How53、hardworking students they are!A . What B. What a C. What an D . How54、long time it lasted!A. What B. What a C. How D . How a55、down the radio. The baby' s sleeping in the next room.A . Turning B. To turn C. Turn D . Turned56、Let' s football in the streetA. not to playB. not play C. don' t play D. not playing57、careful when you cross the streetA. Don' t be B. Do be C. Being D. Do58、the child all day long!A. Let, not to cry B. Not let, cry C. Don' t let, to cry D. Don' t let, cry59、afraid of make mistakes!A. Don， t be B. Not to be C. Not being D . Be not60、me again before coming.A • Calling B. To call C. Do calling D . Call三、反意疑问句61、You' d like some coffee, ?A. weren' tyou B. wouldn' tyou C. hadn， tyou D. shouldn' tyou62、I don，t think he will come to the meeting, ?A. will he B. won， the C. do I D, am I63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .A. do they B. don' t they C. did they D ・ didn' t they64、His father knows little about it, he?A. does B . doesn' t C. is he D . isn' t65、We all like reading story books, ?A. do we B. do you C. don' twe D. don， tyou66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she?A. doesn' t B. does C. is D. isn' t67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he?A. often,did B. never,didn' t C. already,did D. never,did68、Be sure to write to us, ?A. will you B. aren' tyou C. would you D . can you69 > Don' t smoke in the meeting room, you?A. do you B. wiD you C. would D. can70、It' s fine today. Let' s go fishing, ?A. will we B. shall weC , do we D . don， twe71、Mary has few friend in Japan, ________ she?A. has B. don' tC. doesn， tD. hasn' t72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ___?A. isn， tit B. isn' tthereC. is itD. hasn' tit73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, _?A . is it B. isn， t thereC. isn， titD , is there74、He comes late sometimes, __________?A. isn， t he B. comes heC. doesn' theD. is he75、 You are not a new comer, are you?____________ . I came here only yesterday.A. No, I am B. Yes, I amC. No, I' m notD. Yes,V m not76、She could hardly believe it,?A. couldn' t she B. could sheC. didn' tsheD . did she77、You needn， t go, _________ ?A. can you B. must youC . need youD , may you78、You must work hard from now on, ____________?A. can you B. won' tyouC , mustn' t youD . needn' t you79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, ___you?A. were B. have C. haven' t D. mustn， t80、He must have left home yesterday, ___he?A. hasn' t B. didn' tC. mustn' tD. needn， t81、You don' t think I' m going out in such wet weather, ________?A. am I B. do you C. don' t you D . do I82、You' d better call in a doctor for your mother, _________ _you?A. had B. wouldC. hadn' tD ・ wouldn' t83、You need to come earlier, __________you?A. don' tyou B. needn' tC. don' tD. won' t84、You dare not go alone, _________ your)A. don' t B. doC. dareD . daren' t85、He shouldn，t drink so much, ______he?A. should B. ougjit C. would D . will86、Nothing can stop us doing that, __________ ?A. can we B. can， t weC. can' titD . can it87、r m late for the meeting, __________?A. amn， 11 B. aren， 11C. don’ 11D. aren， tyou88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, __________ ?A. does he B. doesn' t heC . do theyD. don， tthey89、None of the workers attended the party, ____________ ?A. did they B. did heC. didn' t heD. didn' tthey90、Everything is ri^hit here, ________ ?A. isn' tit B. aren' ttheyC . are theyD. is it91、A lovely day, _________ ?A. is it B. does itC. isn' titD . doesn' t it92、He isn' t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ____________ ?A. isn' tit B. is he C. has he D. is it93、My sister often needs help with her study, ___________ ?A . need sheB. needn' t sheC. doesn' tsheD . does she94、You should have watered the flower earlier, __________?A. shouldn' tyou B. didn， tyou C. don' tyou D. haven' tyou95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, __________?A. is itB. isn， titC . does itD . doesn， tit96、What a pretty girl, __________?A. isn， titB. is itC • is she D . isn， t she97、Wang Ping cari' tbe in the bedroom,?A . can sheB ・ is she C .can' the D.isn， the98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, _________?A. do IB. ShaUIC. may I D.can I99、Let us do it for you, ____________ ?A . will youB. won' tyouC ・ shall weD. shan， twe100、、They have to face the difficulty, ____ ______they?A. doB. don' tC. haven， tD. won' t【 答案】 ：1、B2、 A 3、 B4、A5、C 6、A7、A8、 B 9、 D10、B11、C 12、A13、A14、 B 15、 C16、B17、A 18、D19、B20、 B 21、 C22、A23、 C 24、 A25、B26、 B 27、 D28、C29、D 30、C31、C32、 A 33、 C34、A35、D 36、C37、C38、 C 39、 D40、D41、 B 42、 C43、D44、D 45、B46、C47、 C 48^ B49、B50、 C 51、 D52、D53、A 54、B55、C56、B 57、B58、D59、 A 60、 D61、B62、A 63、D64、A65、 C 66、 B67、D68、 A 69、 B70、B71、 A 72、 B73、D74、 C 75、 B76、B77、 C 78、 C79、C80、 B 81、 B82、C83、A 84、C85、A86、D 87、B88、C89、A 90、A91、C92、 A 93、 C94、B95、 B 96、 D97、B98、 C 99、 A100> B十四、综合习题名词性从句【 专项训练】 ：1、It doesn， t matterI rest or not.A. if B. whether C. that D. when2、I can，t understand is he wants to change his mind.A • that, that B . which, what C. what, why D . what, that3、I was free that day.A . It happened to B. It happened thatC. That happened D . It was happened that4、He you are not going abroad.A . surprised that B. is surprised whetherC , is surprised that D . surprised at5、I wonder how much.A , cost the coat B. does the coat costC. the coat costs D . the coat is cost6、I have will be yours sooner or later.A. No matter what B. WhateverC. Whether D. That7、in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.A, It says B. He is said C. It has said D. It is said8、we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A . If, do B. That, do C. If, does D . That, does9、Is this we met them last nigjitA. where B. place C. place in which D. place which10、We all know the truth there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. whereB. wherever C. thatD ・ that wherever11、I think it isyou，re eating too much.A. thatB. because C ・ the reasonD. for12、It is saidhas been translated into French.A . that thatB ・ which C . thatD , that which13、It is still a question_we shall have our sports meetA. whyB. that C . whenD ・ which14、It' s not yet clearof those will be chosen to go abroad.A. thatB. which C . whomD. who15、These pictures show you.A . What does our village look like B. What our village looks liveC . How does our village look like D . how our village looks like16、Can you make sure_______ _ the gold necklace?A . where Alice had putB. where did Alice putC , where Alice has putD . where has Alice put17、Go and get your passes. It' s you left itA. there B. whereC ・ there where D . where there18、 Do you remember______he came?------Yes, I do. He came by train.A. how B. when C. where D . that19> we can，t get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D . That, what20、Mother asked me .A , what was wrong with me B. what' s wrong with meC , what wrong was with me D . what wrong is with me21、they have won the game made us excited.A. / B. That C. What D. Where22、I accept the girl or refuse it is none of your business.A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. When23、he says in his report is a very interesting question.A . What all B. All what C. What D . What that24、When they will start not been decided.A. have B. is C. does D. has25、certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.A. That is B. This is C. It is D. It has26 is unknown to us all.A. Where did she put it B. Where she put itC. That where she put it D. In which she put it27、nothing to do with us.A . What she did have B. What she did isC , What did she do has D . What she has done has28、The trouble is we are short of hands.A. what B. that C. how D . which29、Energy is makes things workA ・ what B . evetything C. something D . that30、My hometown is not it used to ten years ago.A. when; do B. what; do C . what; be D . when; be31、The reason I have to go is my mother is ill in bed.A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D . that; because32、The thougjht he migjit fail in the exam worried him.A. which B ・ that C. when D . so that33、That is I lost my pen.A. when B. where C. that D. what34、Have you any idea?A. how fast does ligjit travel B. how quick li^ht travelsC , how soon ligjhit travels D . how fast ligjht travels35、His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should goC , that we would go D. we would go36、 He was interested in he had seen at the exhibition.A. which B . that C. all what D . all that37、He often thinks of he can do more for his country.A. what B. how C. that D . which38、He made quite clear that he wouldn' t change his mind.A. this B. that C. it D. what39、He got angry with was against his opinion.A. whom B. who C. whoever D. anyone40、I don' t know .A , what was the matter outside B. what the matter outside wasC , what was outside the matter D . what was happened outside41、He has come, but I didn， t know that he until yesterday.A , is coming B . will come C . was coming D . wasn' t coming42、He ran back into the room to see if he anything behind.A • has forgotten B. had forgotten C. has left D . had left43、The news he died in the battle has got round in the village.A . that B. which C . what D . this44、you say, I wouldn' t allow you to do that.A. What B. Which C. Whatever D. However45、We are wondering out teacher will come to the party or notA. if B. that C. why D ・ whether46、he has been getting on well with his studies makes all of us happy.A. Which B. How C. What D. That47、That is he failed to arrive on time.A. where B. whether C. why D. when48、We finally found out to him.A. what had happened B. what has happenedC. which took place D . what has been taken place49、No one knows when and where.A , was she bom B. did she come fromC. she work D. she was bom50、The truth the factory would break down made all the workers shocked.A . of whichB. thatC. about tfiatD. what［答案］ :1、B2、C3、B4、C5、C 6、B7、D8、D9、A10、D11、 B 12、 A13、C14、B15、B16、C17、 B 18、 A19、A20、A21、B22、B23、 C 24、 D25、C26、B27、D28、B29、 A 30、 C31、C32、B33、B34、D35、 A 36、 D37、B38、C39、C40、A41、 C 42、 D43、A44、C45、D46、D47、 C 48、 A49、D 50、B定语从句【 专项训练】 ：一、选择填空：1、It was in that house he used to live the secret meeting was held.A. where； where B. that； that C. what； where D. where； that2、The foreign g u e s ts ,w e re scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A , most of them B. most of whom C. most of that D . most of those3、That' s not the book you can find the exact answer.A. which B. that C. when D. where4、The building over there is a library, is a department store.A. where B. west of whichC ・ to the west of itD . in the west of that5、He was the very one of the studerA. was B. were6、She is the gi r l .A , whose money was stolenC , whose money was robbed7、This composition is order,A. in;which;puzzledC ・ out of; which; angry8、There are 104 elements found in rA. most of itwho praised at the class meeting.C. is D. areB. the which money was stolenD . the which money was robbedmakes the t e a c h e r .B. for; that; happyD . no; it ;disappointedi r e , a r e metals.B. most of whichC. mosdy D. that9、Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot the Suez Canal was dug.A. when B. where C. which D. and10、Jack is who knows how to work out the problem.A , one of the boys B. the only one of the boyC , not one of the boys D . the only one of the boys11、China has many islands, Taiwan is the largestA ・ in where B. in that C. of that D . of which12、Is this factory your friends visited the day before yesterday?A. that B. which C. where D . the one13、We have not had for many weeks.A • such cold day as this B. such cold a day as thisC ・ such a cold day like this D . such a cold day as this14、The man will never forget the days he spent with Lenin.A . when B. on which C. on that D . that15、16、17、She is the only one of the students good at Japanese.A . that is B. that are C. which is D . which areThe balls are solid, makes them very heavy.A. it B. what C. which D. thatIs this calculator you borrowed from Jane?A . which B. one C. the one D . what18、The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us.A. who B. that C. which D. /19、I suppose the theory he stuck correctA. to prove B. to proving C ・ to proved D . prove20、He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A. who B. that C. which D. it21、The museum we are going to visit is far form our school.A . whereB. thatC. itD. as22、It is getting hotter and hotter in Wuhan, is usual.A. andB. itC. as D. that23、We will never forget the days we spent happily together in the mountain village.A. when B. which C. where D. on which24、Which of the two sheep ___you keep produces more milk?A. that B. which C. what D. they25、____is known to all, Lu Xun was famous a great thinker.A. Which; for B. As; for C. It; as D . As ; as26、Are these g j a s s e s ?A ・ which you wish will be repairedC , the one you wish to repairB , the ones you wish to have repairedD , that you wish to be repaired27、The weather turned out to be very good, was more than we could expectA , what B . which C. that D . it28、In the dark street, there wasn' t a sin@ e person__ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom29 > She heard a terrible noise, ___brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that30、He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of hadn，t been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which31、Finally, the thief handed everydiing he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. whatC. whatever D. that32、 The only t h i n g , I am not sure is the idiom.A. fbr which B. of which C. that D. which33、You must give the wallet back it belongs to.A , to whom B. whom C . to one D . to the person who34、Tom as well as his friends who football matches to school today.A. likes; hasn' t gone B. likes; haven' t goneC. like;hasn' tgone D. like;haven， tgone35、You, who____ready to offer him your assistance at any time ,are a true friend of his.A. is B. are C. was D. were36、Such a problem should be settled firstA. like that is B. as this C. as that this is D. like this is37、Women receive the same pay in New China.A. as men B. as that men receive C. as which men did D . as men did38N This is one of the best novels that____this year.A , had appeared B. is appearing C. has appeared D . have appeared39、My father ___is a hximorous man.A. , whom you met last nigjhit B. whom you met last nigjitC. whom you met last night D. , whom you met last nigjit40> Alfred Hitchcock produced a new film called Frenzy.A. who is well-known fbr thriller movies B. , who is well-known for thriller movies,C ・ whom is well-known fbr thriller movies D . , whom is well known for thriller movies41、I’ 1 1 take you to a newly opened market you may get all you need.A • which; that B. where; that C. in which; which D . where ^vhat42、Li Lin is the only one of the students who to Kunming.A , has gone B. have been C. that is D . had gone43 I, your friend ,will try my best to help you.A • that is B. which am C. who is D . who am44> Do you know anything about the accident in the street yesterday?A , happened B. happening C. which happened D . which was happened45^ I’ m interested in you have told me.A , which B • all that C. all what D . that46、I’ 1 1 never forget the days I was staying with you.A. on which B. which C. that D. when47、The king had never seen___horses the man drew.A, such ; as B. so; as C. so; that48 > I am reading the same book you did yesterday.A. like B. as C. forD . such; whichD・ since49、The buses, were already full, were surrounded by passengers.A , most of them B. most of which C . which most D . that most50、Have you ever been to Xi' an,___I left ten years ago.A. where B. which C. that D. when51、We should leam from those ___are ready to help others.A. who B. whom C. whose D. they52、I have two b ro th e rs,a re doctors.A , both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D . both of they53、___everybody knows, China has the largest population in the world.A. Which B. That C. As D. The thing54、Everything____can be done should be done.A. which B. that C. all D. that55、This is the house you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D . in that56、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire bum?A. that B. / C. which D. what57、The first place we visited in that city was a big factory.A. where B. in which C. that D. which58> Which is the largest bridge was built across the river?A. that B. which C. where D. on which59、Please pass me the dictionary cover is blacLA. which B. its C. whose D. which of60、 is natural, she goes abroad with her husband.A. It B. What C. Which D. As61、This is the very place____I' m wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which62、I think that was the reason____our football team lost the game.A. that B. which C. how D. why63、The reason he didn' t come was he was injured.A , that, because B. why, that C . why, because D . that, that64、He must be from Afirica, can be seen form his skinA. that B. as C. it D. what65、Is it in that factory____ "Red Flag“ cars are made?A. in which B. where C. that D. which二、改错：1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、 Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept10、April 15,1976 is the day when we' 1 1 never forget11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、I know the student was praised at the meeting last week.13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone who' s house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17、The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19、Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet21、A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?【 答案】 ：一、1、D2、B3、D4、B5、A6、A7、C8、B9、B10、D11、D12、D13、D14、D15、A16、C17、C18、B19、C20、C21、B22、C23、B24、A25、D26、B27、B28、D29、B30、D31、D32、B33、D34、C35、B36、B37、A38、D39、A40、B41、B42、A43、D44、C45、B46、D47、A48、B49、B50、B51、A52、C53、C54、B55> A56、A57、C58、A59、C60、D61、C62、D63、B64、B65、C二、K where- that2、where-which3、where-— which4、when—that \ which5、that~~where6、去掉 there7、that-why8、that-which9、which- where10、when~~which \ that11、man后面加who12、students 后面加 who13、which_ that 14、who' s—whose 15、去掉 it16、were- was 17、which- when 18、have- has19、whom- who 20、that一 ■ where21、machine 后 面 力 口 which \ that 22、which- that 23、that~ who24、that~~which 25、whom-that定语从句【 专项训练】 ：I 、Choice:1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.A. which B . with C. with it D . with which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.A. on which B. at which C. through which D. in which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a firiend of hers.A. in which B. worn by C. through which D. on which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at die Browns' .A. that followed B. to follow C . following D . followed6、You may take anything useful .A. which you want B. you want themC. what you want D . you want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.A. like B. that C. as D. which8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.A • of who B ・ of whom C. of which D . of them9、You can take any seat is free.A. in which B. that C. where D . which10、Is there a nyt hi ng to you?A , that belong B. which belongs C. that belongs D . that is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.A. where B. that C. as D. which12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.A. till B. that C. since D . which13、Shehasn' t got enough money she buys the rings.A. for which B. with which C. that D. which14、I’ ve read all the books were borrowed from the library.A. they B. which C. / D . that15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.A. it B. where C. that D . which16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire bum?A. it B. which C. / D . that17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A . on which B. where C . in that D . during which18、The train she was travelling was late.A ・ on that B . for which C. on which D . which19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nigjits are long.A. on which B. that C. when D. where20 I’ 1 1 show you a store you may buy all you need.A. that, that B. which, that C . where, which D . in which, /21 N I still remember the day ____ she first wore that pink dress.A. on which B. on that C . in which D . which22、Do you know the reason ____________ she got so angry yesterday ?A . why B. which C. for that D . for why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?A. this school where B.24、Is there any one in your class ___A. whose B. which25、Can you lend me the book _____A. which you talked B.26、This is one of the best films ____A . which has been shownC. that have shown27、Do you know the manthis school one C ・ this the school_____ family is in the city.C. who' s D . who_____ the other day ?that you talked C. about that you talked_____ this year.B. that have been shownD . have been shown?D . this schoolD . you talked aboutA . that I spoke B. I spoke to C. to who I spoke D . whom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, __________ are girls.A , two-thirds in which B. two-thirds in themC ・ two-thirds of them D . of whom two thirds29、 I have bought two ball-pens, _________ writes well.A. neither of them B. none of themC , neither of which D . none of which30、He built a telescope ____________ he could study the skies.A . by it B. througji which C . with that D . in which31、Do you know the reason he was late?A. for which B. for what C. which D. that32、_______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A. As B. That C. What D. Which33、John got beaten in the game, _________ had been expected.A. who B. what C. that D . as34、They' re invented me to their party, ______ is kind of them.A. this B. that C. which D . as35、Crusoe' s dog became ill and died, _______ made him very lonely.A. this B. that C. which D. as36、There isn， t so much noise in the country in big cities.A. as B. where C. which D. that37、I often thou典 of my childhood, I lived on a farm.A. who B. when C. where D. which38、Next month, you，1 1 be in your hometown, is coming.A. where B. when C. that D. which39、The next t hi ng must be done is to make a plan.A. which B. that C. when D. /40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him gready in the school.A. that B. when C. who D . whichII、Fill in the blanks ：1、This is the professor tau^it me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoplef s Republic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old firiends.11、 She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some firiends.13、We' 1 1 put off the meeting till next week, we won' t be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth ligjit and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late, made his teacher very angty.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.IH、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、 Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept10、April 15,1976 is the day when we' 1 1 never forget.11、The man came yesterday is our Engjish teacher.12、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .13、This is all which I can do for you.14、Can you think of anyone who, s house was here?15> The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well16、This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17> The day which she had to leave arrived at last18、The doctor whom they want to see have come.19^ Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20、The park stands at the place that the two rivers meet21 > A plane is a machine can fly.22、It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23、Those that want to go put up your hands.25、Who is the man whom you said hello just now?24、This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.【 答案】:I 、1、D2、C3、C4、A5、A6、D7、c8、B9、D10、C11、C12、B13、B14、D15、C16、D17、D18、C19、C20、D21、A22、A23、C24、A25、D26、B27、B28、D29、C30、B31、A32、A33、D34、C35、C36、A37、B38、B39、B40、An 、1、who / that2、which / that3、whose4、which / that5、who / that6、when7、which / that8、where9、which10、whom11、which12、where13、when14、which15、who16、which17、that18、that田、1> where- that2、where_ which3、4、when- that / which5、that- where6、去掉there7、that~ whythat~~which9、which- where10、when- which / that11、man 后面加who 12、students 后面加 who13、which- that14、who' sw hose15、去掉it16> were- was17、which- when18、have- has19、whom- who20、that~~where21、machine 后面加 which / that22、which—that23、that~~who24、that- which25、whom- that。