ICM 太平洋垃圾带的形成与治理.docx

Formation and governance of the Pacific garbage patchSummaryIn recent years, due to the accumulation of Marine plastic garbage, the United States near the west coast formed with plastic primarily "too flat the big trash舄 with the area has been increasing instantly .more and more worry is considered . In this paper, the reasons, the harm of source to ecological system, and measures to improve the several aspects of the in-depth analysis discussed, and we give two models, to solve these three problem.For question one 9 this paper analysis, the reasons for plastic garbage are these ones: human activity brings plastic garbage, natural disasters and Driving ships sewage. In addition , the most pollution to the sea discharge waste plastic is China, therefore, to reduce plastic waste , China should strengthen recycling waste plastic more strength, at the same time, other countries also should try to control the amount, and efforts to improve recovery・For question two，According to the risks of plastic waste, we consider the main ecological system to harm・ We making a model a small plastic particles threatpf = ; model ,the result is "九 .Furthermore,considering the food chain toperson,we accept a deeper result that the highest amount to people feed on fish is 0.02% ~ 0.05% to oneself.m（） * .Finally,The outcome of the lowestFor question three.in order to reduce plastic trash to the Pacific ecological destruction, this paper put forward the Dutch company reference WHIM of the Hrcncwablc island11 plan, in the original trash the waters, the use of the buoyancy of waste plastic, on the spot to establish a suspended and regenerated island. We set a model demonstrates the regeneration of the thickness of the island built with the height of the relationship between water, P ）~ .Extension of island regeneration rate is• . • — 0.1630Pexpansion rates is 0Our models meets our expectations, and is easily modified to support the questions ,thc reasons .influence and suggestions arc resolved. We believe that our model can be used in further research and our recommendations will contribute a lot to the marine protection.Keywords: Pacific garbage bags, regeneration island , Archimedes、plastic particlesDescription of the ProblemBased on recent scientific expeditions into the Pacific Ocean Gyre (a convergence zone where debris is accumulating), a wide variety of technical and scientific problems associated with this debris mass arc coming to light. While dumping waste into the ocean is not a new activity, the scientific communitys realization that much of the debris (plastics, in particular) are accumulating in high densities over a large area of the Pacific Ocean is new・ The scientific community also is learning that this debris creates many potential threats to marine ecology, and, therefore, to human well-being. Those who study this accumulation often describe it as plastic soup or confetti.This year" s ICM problem uses interdisciplinary modeling to addresses the complex issues stemming from the presence and accumulation of ocean debris, in order to help researchers and ultimately government policy makers to understand the severity, range, and potential global impact of the situation. As modeling advisors to the expedition, your job is to focus on one element of this debris problem, model and analyze its behavior, and determine its potential effect on marine ecology and the government policies and practices that should be implemented to ameliorate its negative effects. Be sure to consider needs for future scientific research and the economic aspects of the problem, and then write a report to your expedition leader summarizing your findings and proposals for solutions and needed policies and practices.1. What are the potential short- and long-term effects of the plastic on the ocean environment? What kind of monitoring is required to track the impact on the marine ecosystem? Be sure to account for temporal and spatial variability・ What are the associated resourcing requirements?2. How can the extent, density and distribution of the plastic in the gyre be best understood and described? What kind of monitoring plan is required to track the growth/dccay/movcmcnt of the plastics, and what kind of resourcing is required to implement that plan?3. Where does the plastic come from and what steps can be taken to control or reduce the risks associated with this situation? What are the economic costs and the economic benefits of controlling or ending the situation, and how do they compare? How much plastic is manufactured, discarded, and recycled? How much of that is likely to go into the ocean? How much of that is likely to float?4. Could similar situations develop in other places in the oceans? What should we monitor and how? What is happening in the North Atlantic Gyre and the Alaskan Gyre? Use your model to estimate the plastic density in the future in the southern gyres (South Atlantic, South Pacif。