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我院临床分离大肠埃希菌耐药表型调查分析.docx

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    •     我院临床分离大肠埃希菌耐药表型调查分析    江素香 郑港森 练明建[摘要]目的 分析臨床分离大肠埃希菌的耐药表型分布,为临床医生提供实验室数据以更好地指导抗生素治疗方法 回顾性分析2016年1~12月厦门大学附属第一医院临床分离的851株大肠埃希菌,采用法国BioMerieux VITEK2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统对菌株进行细菌鉴定和药物敏感性检测结果 2016年临床分离的大肠埃希菌851株,主要包括尿液425株,占49.9%;全血157株,占18.4%;无菌体液(包括胆汁、腹腔积液、胸腔积液、关节液不包括脑脊液)132株,占15.5%;痰液50株,占5.9%四环素类抗生素(四环素和替加环素)共有4种耐药表型,以四环素(R/I)替加环素(S)为主;喹诺酮类抗生素(环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星)共有4种耐药表型,环丙沙星(R/I)左氧氟沙星(R/I)和环丙沙星(S)左氧氟沙星(S)为主;氨基糖苷类抗生素(庆大霉素、妥布霉素和阿米卡星)共有6种耐药表型,庆大霉素(S)妥布霉素(S)阿米卡星(S)和庆大霉素(R/I)妥布霉素(R/I)阿米卡星(S)耐药表型为主;β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合物(阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦)共有5种耐药表型,主要是阿莫西林/克拉维酸(S)氨苄西林/舒巴坦(R/I)哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(S)耐药表型;β-内酰胺类抗生素(氨苄西林、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南和美罗培南)共有11种耐药表型,以氨苄西林(R/I)头孢呋辛(S)头孢噻肟(S)头孢他啶(S)头孢吡肟(S)氨曲南(S)亚胺培南(S)美罗培南(S)和氨苄西林(R/I)头孢呋辛(R/I)头孢噻肟(R/I)头孢他啶(S)头孢吡肟(S)氨曲南(S)亚胺培南(S)美罗培南(S)为主。

      不同标本的耐药表型分布存在一定的差别,但主要的耐药表型分布基本一致,大肠埃希菌对四环素、喹诺酮类和氨基糖胺类抗生素的耐药率超过或接近50%,但对替加环素、亚胺培南和美罗培南保持极高的敏感性结论 大肠埃希菌主要引起尿路感染、血流感染、胆囊炎和腹腔感染等疾病临床流行的细菌耐药表型相对稳定,细菌耐药主要模式比较明显;从标本类型分析,不同标本之间的耐药表型有所差别,临床可根据具体标本来源,选用合适的抗生素进行相关治疗,可为临床经验用药选择提供更具体的理论依据[关键词]大肠埃希菌;耐药;表型;抗生素[Abstract] Objective To analyze the distribution of drug-resistance phenotypes of clinically isolated Escherichia coli, and to provide clinicians with laboratory data to better guide antibiotic therapy. Methods The clinical isolates of 851 Escherichia coli in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Strain identification and drug sensitivity test were conducted by BioMerieux VITEK2 Compact automatic bacterial identification and drug sensitivity analysis system. Results A total of 851 strains of Escherichia coli were clinically isolated in 2016, mainly including 425 (49.9%) strains from urine, 157 (18.4%) strains from whole blood, 132 (15.5%) sterile strains from body fluid (including bile, ascites, pleural effusion, joint fluid but not cerebrospinal fluid), and 50 (5.9%) strains from sputum. There were four drug-resistant phenotypes of Tetracycline antibiotics (Tetracycline and Tegacycline), among which Tetracycline (R/I) Tegacycline (S) was the dominant phenotype. There were four drug-resistant phenotypes of Quinolone antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin) and two major phenotypes were Ciprofloxacin (R/I) Levofloxacin (R/I) and Ciprofloxacin (S) Levofloxacin (S). There were six drug-resistant phenotypes of aminoglycoside antibiotics (Gentamycin, Tobramycin and Amikacin) and two major phenotypes were Gentamycin (S) Tobramycin (S) Amikacin (S) and Gentamycin (R/I) Tobramycin (R/I) Amikacin (S). There were five drug-resistant phenotypes of β-lactam enzyme inhibitor complexes (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Piperacillin/Tazobatam) and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (S) Ampicillin/Sulbactam (R/I) Piperacillin/Tazobattan (S) was the dominant phenotype. There were eleven drug-resistant phenotypes of β-lactam antibiotics (Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Ceftaxime, Ceftadime, Cefepime, Aztreonam, Imipenem and Meropenem) and two major phenotypes were Ampicillin (R/I) Cefuroxime (S) Ceftaxime (S) Ceftadime (S) Cefepime (S) Aztreonam (S) Imipenem (S) Meropenem (S) and Ampicillin (R/I) Cefuroxime (R/I) Ceftaxime (R/I) Ceftadime (S) Cefepime (S) Aztreonam (S) Imipenem (S) Meropenem (S). There were some differences in the distribution of drug-resistant phenotypes among different specimens, but the distribution of major drug-resistant phenotypes was basically consistent. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to Tetracycline, Quinolones and aminoglycosamines was more than or close to 50%, but Escherichia coli remained highly sensitive to Tegacycline, Imipenem and Meropenem. Conclusion Escherichia coli mainly causes urinary tract infection, blood stream infection, cholecystitis and abdominal infection. The clinical prevalence of bacterial resistance phenotypes is relatively stable and the main kind of resistant pattern is relatively obvious. There are some differences in the distribution of drug-resistant phenotypes among different specimens. Depending on the source of the specimen, the clinicians can select appropriate antibiotics for relevant treatment, which can provide more specific theoretical basis for clinical experience in drug selection.[Key words] Escherichia coli; Resistance; Phenotype; Antibiotic大肠埃希菌是医院感染最重要的致病菌之一,可引起尿路感染、血流感染、胆囊炎等疾病。

      近年来细菌耐药问题日益严重,尤其是“超级细菌NDM-1”的报道[1-2],临床和实验耐碳青霉烯类抗生素大肠埃希菌呈增长趋势[3-4],及时了解大肠埃希菌耐药表型的流行情况,掌握医院感染大肠埃希菌耐药模式,为临床抗感染治疗提供依据,有利于临床抗生素的合理应用本研究拟对厦门大学附属第一医院2016年临床分离大肠埃希菌进行统计分析,现报道如下1材料与方法1.1菌株来源回顾性分析2016年1~12月厦门大学附属第一医院临床送检培养标本中分离的大肠埃希菌,共851株本研究经医院医学伦理委员会审核批准1.2质控菌株大肠埃希菌ATCC25922和大肠埃希菌ATCC3 5218,由卫生部临检中心提供1.3试剂和仪器哥伦比亚血平板为郑州安图公司产品;GN鉴定卡和AST-GN67和AST-GN04药敏卡为法国梅里埃公司产品1.4细菌鉴定与药敏测定法国BioMerieux VITEK2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统进行细菌的鉴定和药物敏感性分析药敏检测方法为微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),结果判读按照2015年临床与实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)制定的标准[5],以敏感(S)、中介(I)、耐药(R)报告结果。

      2结果2.1菌株分布2016年临床分离的851株大肠埃希菌,其中尿液425株,占49.9%;全血。

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