人体运动学-肌肉动力学分析PPT课件02.ppt

人体运动学-功能性活动分析kinesiology application in functional activities 周 晶南方医科大学康复医学院kinesiologyPurpose of studying clinical kinesiology •The purpose of studying clinical kinesiology is to understand the forces acting on the human body and to manipulate these forces in treatment procedures so that human performance may be improved and further injury may be prevented 了解动作 了解作用在人体的力量优化运动效能避免和预防运动损伤ReferencePlanes of MotionTransverse Plane(YZ plane)Frontal Plane(XY plane)Sagittal Plane(XZ plane)Cardinal planes of motionNaming Movements at JointsSpecial cases–Thumb–Pronation/supination–Hip med/lat rotation with hip flexionKinematic chain•kinematic chain： a series of connected segment links•open kinematic chain motion 开链运动– the joint motion with the distal segment moves free in space, e.g. raising lower leg or throwing a ball•closed kinematic chain motion 闭链运动– the joint motion with the distal segment is fixed, e.g. standing up or squatting downWhat kind of kinematic chain is performed as•chin-up (引體向上)?•one-legged squatting?Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions•(1) rolling or rocking, •(2) sliding or gliding, •(3) spinning Application of Human Motion Measure and Analysis System•使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的•人體動作量測分析系統•進階人體動作分析--人體動作分析模擬系統•人體動作分析系統之應用–步態分析(gait analysis)–平衡訓練–輔具科技–下背痛分析–運動器材–體育技術–……使用動作量測分析系統的目的•了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性–運動學，動力學參數•設計、提升與評估人體運動、手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效動作量測分析系統包含•動作量測分析系統–電子量角器(electrogoniometer)–力量感測器(Loadcell)–動作擷取系統 (Vicon)–測力板 (AMTI)–肌電訊號(EMG)– 加速規(Accelerometer)–資料收集盒(Datalogger)電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器(Loadcell)力量感測器(Loadcell)動作分析系統1. 動作擷取系統 (Vicon)Vicon 460PloygonLFHDLSHOLUPASTRNCLAVLELBLFRALWRBLASILWRALFINLTHILKNELTIBRFHDLANKLTOELMT5RTOERMT5RANKRTIBRKNERTHIRASIRELBRFRARWRBRWRARSHORBHDLBHDC7RBAKT10 LPSIRPSISACRRFINLHEERHEE2. 測力板 (AMTI)forceamplifiertransducerA/D PC測力板(CoP)xyF3. 肌電訊號(EMG)•動作量測分析系統–電子量角器(electrogoniometer)–力量感測器(Loadcell)–動作擷取系統 (Vicon)–測力板 (AMTI)–肌電訊號(EMG)– 加速規(Accelerometer)–資料收集盒(Datalogger)–關節角度–外力–肢段空間位置–地面反作用力–肌電訊號– 加速度–資料收集人体功效学之人体模拟系统20 cm50.8 cm42Kg25Kg25Kg42Kg10 cm39 cm动作分析的应用Gait analysis平衡訓練h=肩高肩高Bicycle analysis•Hip moment 1500N-mm•Knee moment 2400N-mm•Qudriceps 4500N，•Biceps femoris 1500N•Gluteus 3000N•Tibialis anterior 2800N•Gastroneminus 1600N more Joy & Safetymore Fun & Larkfor Goodor BadTreadmill 高爾夫人体功效改善對策人因工程改善對策•使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎outline•mobility•occupational and daily activitiesThree elementsthe first;•identifies the sequence of activities performed from the start to the completion of the activitythe second;•presents a description of the joint movements throughout the activitythe third; •distinguishes the muscles and how they function to produce the joint movements to successfully perform the activitiesMobilityFloor mobility：rolling•Rolling•Developmental direction：• nonsegmental ---segmental•Supine to prone• more individual variation• more difficult than prone to supineSupine to prone ( Roll to the right)• upper extremity reaching to the right•Shoulder• flexion• anterior deltoid三角肌前侧+of pectoralis major胸大肌•Horizontal adduction水平位的内收• posterior deltoid (eccentric contraction 离心收缩 after passing the midline)Scapula protraction肩胛骨前伸•Serratus anterior前锯肌, upper & lower trapezius 斜方肌•Elbow extension: Triceps 肱三头肌•Forearm pronation 前臂旋前• pronator quadratus & pronator teres 旋前方肌 旋前圆肌•Wrist in neutral or slight extension 腕关节中立位 微微伸展•Extensors carpi radialis longus & brevis（桡侧腕伸肌） +extensor carpi ulnaris （尺侧腕伸肌）•Finger and thumb• extension • extensor digitorum指伸肌 •Abduction :dorsal interossei 背侧骨间肌•Rotator cuff肩袖 muscles stabilize head of the humerus during arm motion•Right U/E •Shoulder extension肩关节伸展 + scapular retraction肩胛骨后缩 + forearm in midposition前臂中立位 +wrist and finger extension手腕伸展head•Neck rotation & lateral flexion to the right•left stemocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌 +right scalene（斜角肌）•Flexion increased as the movement proceeds• flexion and rotation to the right •Flexion: rectus abdominus 腹直肌•Rotation+ lateral rotation• right internal abdominal oblique腹内斜肌+left external abdominal oblique腹外斜肌•4.left pelvis•Forward rotation +left hip flexion& adduction +left knee flexion(foot pushing off the floor)•5.right lower limb in extension•6.weight bearing on right side of the body•7.weight shift to left arm(right arm move from beneath the body)• right shoulder flexion + scapular upward rotation+ elbow extension+ forearm pronation+ wrist and hand extension to push into floorOccupational and daily activitiesLifting tasks•Head, trunk, pelvis are maintained in midline alignment throughout the activity•Cocontraction of anterior and posterior muscles• neck flexors(SCM, scalenes斜角肌) v.s. extensors • erector spinae（竖棘肌） v.s. abdominal muscles腹肌• transverse abdominis v.s. multifidus• pelvis and lumbar spine in neutral position•Torso is moved by hip instead of trunk motion•Preparation phase• prior to lifting,test the object to be lifted to get an idea of its weight• establish wide base of support and standing close to the object• hip• abduction: gluteus medius and minimus（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL .sartorius（缝匠肌）• laterally rotation(45°)：gluteus maximus(臀大肌),deep lateral rotators,sartorius（缝匠肌）Move into a squat•Spinal position: erector spinae (isometric contraction)•Lumber stabilization: abdominals•Hip flexion(90°):throughout preparation phase• gluteus maximus and hamstrings(eccentric contraction)• further flexes to move torso over box•Knee flexion: quadriceps (eccentric contraction)•Ankle dorsiflexion: gastrocnemius –soleus(eccentric contraction)• control tibia moving forward over the foot into dorsiflexion•Reach and grasp the object•Shoulder• flexion:• anterior deltoid(三角肌前部), pectoralis major胸大肌(clavicular portion锁骨头)• midway between medial and lateral rotation:• subscapularis,infraspinatus冈下肌,teres minor,anterior deltoid•Elbow extension:• contraction of triceps and elbow flexors(brachialis肱,brachioradialis肱桡,biceps)•Forearm in midposition•Hand power grasp• wrist extension:functional position• contraction between wrist extensors and finger flexors• fingers and thumb• full extension and abduction---full flexion and adduction(palmar interossei)• thumb flexion and abduction:flexor policis and pollocis adductor•Lifting phase•U/E set to accept the weight• isometric contraction of muscles activates in preparation phase•Trunk extension Hip extension: concentric contraction of gluteus maximus and hamstrings abduction lateral rotation Knee extension concentric contraction of quadricepsHousehold tasks:vacuuming•A push-pull activity using U/E to serve as the delivery of L/E forces• only U/E ipsilateral(身体同侧的) to front leg is uesed•Tandem stance: one leg ahead of the other•Procedure• weight transfers to front leg (knee flexion) & pushing off from back leg-----shoulder flexion+elbow extension• weight pushed (knee extension) from front leg to back leg----shoulder extension +elbow flexion•Head,neck and trunk: neutral position, slight rotation to the right(in this illustration)• erector spinae and abdominal• trunk extension and lumbar stabilization in upright•L’t external abdominal obiliques +R’t internal abdominal obliques•Pelvis: gluteus medius(both legs )• maintain a level pelvis and shift weight from one leg to the other•L/E: both legs are in abduction & lateral rotation •Front leg• hip flexion;knee flexion,ankle plantarflexion(踝趾屈)•Back leg• hip extension;knee extension;ankle neutral to eversion•Knee: Quadricpes(股四头肌) in all phases•Pushing forward ：L/E•Hip• adductors(front leg)contract eccentrically as weight moves forward• abductors(back leg)• concentric contraction: move hip into abduction(forward)• hip flexion: Gluteus maximus(bag leg)contracts eccentrically•Ankle dorsiflexion• gastrocnemius(front leg) contracts eccentrically•Elbow extension: triceps(front hand)Pulling back: L/E•Hip• Adductors(front leg) contract concentrically as weight moves backward• Abductors(back leg)• eccentric contraction: adduct hip against gravity (backward)•Ankle• plantarflexion: gastrocnemius-soleus (back leg)• eversion: peroneus longus and brevis(back leg)• assignmentsLeg phases of cyclingTennis service phasesSwim strokeSoccer kickPresentation•6个组•每个小组20min•动作分析•结合临床应用：包括如何避免运动损伤等•准备PPT及演示素材•小组讨论。