
2025年中考英语复习重难点复习:介词和介词短语.pdf
11页重难点0 7介词和介词短语1.表时间的介词l.l.at,on和 in 的用法1.2.辨析:in 和 after的区别用法例子at通常用于具体的时刻、年龄或重大节日前at eight oclock 在 8 点at Christmas 在圣诞节o n 主要用于星期几、具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上前也可用于节日前on 29th July 在 7 月 29 日on Monday在星期一in 强调时间段,即在较长的一段时间内,后多接表示年代、月份、季节等的名词或泛指的一天的上午、下午或晚上I bought my new clothes in May.我 5 月买的新衣服介词 用法in 加时间段,用于将来时,表示将来一段时间后二after 加时间段,用于过去时,表示从过去某个时间点算起一段时间后;加时间点,既可用于将来时也可用于过去时1.3.for,during 和 since 的用法1.4.until的用法介词用法例句“for+时间段”表示“延续多久”,作时间状语时,句子时态可用过去时、现在时或将来时He lived in London for two years.他在伦敦住过两年during表示“在 期间”,与表示一段特定时间的名词(短语)连用,强调时间的延续;也可表示某段时间内自始至终的状态。
During the summer she worked as a lifeguard.夏天她当过救生员since+时间点”表示“(自过去某时延续至今的)一段时间”,常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用The factory has been here since the 1970s.这家工厂从20世纪70年代起就在这里了until用于肯定句中,意为“直到 为止”,其前的谓语动词多用延续性动词;用于否定句中,意为“直到 才”,其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词例 I didnt go to bed until ten oclock.直到 10 点我才上床睡觉在否定句中多与非延续性动词连用例 He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 p.m.他被允许晚上熬夜到 11 点2.表地点、方位的介词2.1.in,on和 a t的用法介词 用法 例句in 表示“在 里”;表示“在上”时,暗示占去了某物的一部分;表 He lives in Shanghai.示地点时,多指较大的地方他住在上海on 意为“在 之上”,表示与物体的表面有接触The English book is on the desk.英语书在桌子上。
at 表示地点时,多指较小的地方或某一点的具体位置We live at No.87 Beijing Road.我们住在北京路87号2.2.above,over,under 和 below 的用法介词用法例句above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但不一定是正上方,反义词是below.The bird is flying above my head.那只鸟在我头顶上飞I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.我听到窗户下面的院子里有人在说话over指垂直的上方,与 under相对over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触还可表示一物被另一物覆盖The bridge over the river has a long history.河上的这座桥历史悠久Write your name under your picture.在你的照片下面写上名字2.3.across,through 和 past 的用法2.4.between 和 among 的用法介词用法例句across表示从表面通过,动作是在某,物体的表面进行的Tom is swimming across the river.汤姆正游过那条河。
through表示从某一空间内穿过,强调动作在某一物体的内部进行She smiled at him as he walked through the door.他从门口进来时,她朝他笑了笑past强调从某一物体的二旁经过She waved as she drove past.她开车经过的时候挥了挥手3.其他常考介词介词用法例句between用于两者之间或者多者以上的两两之间,常用于结构“between.and.I sat down between Sarah and Jane.我在萨拉和简之间坐了下来among用于三者或三者以上之间She was the eldest among them.她是他们当中年纪最大的3.1.表示方式的by,with和 in 的用法介词 用法 例句by 表“以 方法/手段 或 乘坐.交 通 工 具 She earns her living by selling cars.她以卖车为生with 表示“用.工具/手段”,一般接具体的工具或手 He signed his name with a pen on the paper.他用钢段笔在文件上签了字in 表示用某种材料或语言、声音等。
Whats this in English?这个用英语怎么说?3.2.against 的用法against意为“反对,违背;倚着,靠着;碰撞;逆着;以 为背景”等例 The board warns drivers against passing the bridge.这个牌子提醒司机大桥禁止通行例 Thats against the law.那是违法的例 The teachers desk is against the wall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着例 The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户例 His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼3.3.for的用法4.介词的常用搭配4.1.介词与名词的搭配用法例句表示对象或用途,意为“给,对”Its a book for children.这是一本儿童读物表示目的,意为“为了,供”Ive bought him a watch for his birthday.我给他买了一块手表当作生日礼物表示去向,意为“往,向”Is this the bus for Chicago?这辆公共汽车是去芝加哥的吗?4.2.介词与动词的搭配the way to 去往 的路in trouble处于困境in style流行,时髦in order有序地at the top of 在.的顶部at the end of.在.结尾in the middle of.在.中间in(the)front 0.在.,前 面at the age of.在.岁时in the end 最后at the moment 止 匕 亥with the light on 开着灯on show展出on duty值班on business 出差on the phone通过by the time.倒.时候为止thanks to 由于,幸亏with the help of.在.的帮助下thanks for 感谢to one*s surprise令某人吃惊的是on tim e按时on a/an.team 参 力 口.队in tim e及时in general通常,大体上for example 例如in fact事实上as a result 结果.4.3.介词与形容词的搭配ask sb.for.向某人要.die of/from 死于do well in/be good at 擅长于fall off 摔下get away 离开give i n 屈服help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事hear from 收至 的来信learn about 了 解laugh at 嘲笑pass away 去世spend.on sth.在某物上花费talk about sth.谈论某事take after长得像turn to向.求助wait for 等待.be late for 迟到be proud of.为.自 豪be popular with 受 欢迎be thirsty for.对.渴望be worried about 为.担忧be full of/be filled with 充满be famous for因.而闻名be good/bad for.对.有益/有害be helpful to.对.有帮助be harmful to.对.有害be mad at.对.非常愤怒be interested in.对.感兴趣be well-known to 被.熟知be excited about 对.感至兴奋be afraid of.害怕.be friendly to sb.对某人友好be angry with.对.生气be sorry for.对.难过be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格.4.4.其他介词短语up to 直到,多达as for关于,至于ahead of.在.之前along with 随着after a ll毕竟,终究because of 因为instead o f而不是together with 和.起best of a ll最好的according to 根据.61.(2023江苏苏州苏州市景范中学校校考二模)一Dad,may I stop to have a rest?-Youd better n o t.u n t i l I call you.A.Get on B.Take on C.Put on D.Keep on62.(2023云南玉溪统考三模)Life is a journey with trouble,but with care and wisdom you can any problemyou face.A.put out B.hand out C.turn out D.work out63.(2023云南昭通统考三模)The Chang9e 5 lunar probe(月球探双U 器)rocks and soil from the moon onDecember 17,2020.A.called up B.came back C.brought back D.looked back at64.(2023湖北武汉统考三模)一Ifs said that the only survivor(幸存者)in the accident was badly injured.一 However,the doctors managed to help him.A.see through B.run through C.pull through D.break through65.(2023吉林延边统考一模)一 What is your dream job,Bob?一 I want to be a computer programmer when I.A.cheer up B.show up C.grow up66.(2023湖南岳阳统考三模)一Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when Im away?一Of course.He wont your request.He loves animals a lot.A.turn down B.write down C.put down67.(2023北京朝阳统考二模)一J a me s,h a v e you been a member of the English club?一For about two years.A.how much B.how long C.how often D.how far6。