初中一分钟英语短文.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑初中一分钟英语短文英语朗诵短文1-3分钟 英语朗诵美文3分钟 三分钟英语短文朗诵篇二:初中一分钟英语短文2-3分钟英语小故事_英语小故事篇三:初中一分钟英语短文医学英语(阅读一分册)翻译及答案篇四:初中一分钟英语短文 Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the bodys structure is called anatomy; the study of the bodys function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各片面的组成及其功能，对于熟悉人体是必需的。

研究人体布局的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家察觉把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有扶助的。

本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要片面 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。

它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和养护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动人体有206根骨头骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规矩的大量长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。

颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太精细但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动假设一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infants skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。

它是骨连结的养护、缓冲层它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的布局根基一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、骨化，使婴儿长大成人 The muscular system allows the body to move, and its contractions produce heat, which helps maintain a constant body temperature. Striated muscles can be consciously controlled. The ends of these muscles are attached to different bones by connective tissue bands so that when the muscle contracts, one bone moves in relation to the other. This makes it possible to move the whole body, as when walking, or to move just one part of the body, as when bending a finger. Contractions of the heart and smooth muscles are not under conscious control. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and the intestines and serve to move the contents of these organs through the body.肌肉系统使躯体运动，肌肉收缩产生的热有助于维持一个恒定的体温。

人体能够有意识地操纵条纹肌结缔组织使肌肉末端附着于不同的骨面上，所以当肌肉收缩时，两骨彼此靠近而产生运动这也就使整个人体可以运动起来，如走路，运动躯体某个部位，如弯曲手指心脏收缩和平滑肌收缩就不是被意识所操纵的器官壁内层的平滑肌，如胃肠壁的平滑肌把胃肠中的物质输送到全身 The circulatory system. All parts of the body must have nourishment and oxygen in order to function and grow, and their waste products must be removed before they accumulate and poison the body. The circulatory system distributes needed materials and removes unneeded ones. It is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which together make up the cardiovascular system. The blood is also part of the bodys defense system. It has antibodies and white blood cells that protect the body against foreign invaders. 循环系统：机体的全体片面需要养分物质和氧气来使之发挥功能和生长，也需要在这些器官所产生的废物积聚而危害生命之前将其摈弃。

循环系统输送有用物质，排泄废物心血管系统是循环系统的组成之一；心血管系统包括心脏、血管及血液血液也是机体防卫系统的一个片面，血液中有抗体及白细胞来防止机体受到外来的侵袭 The heart is a muscle that is divided into two nearly identical halves: one half receives blood from the lungs and sends it to the rest of the body, the other half sends blood that has traveled through the body back to the lungs. When the heart muscle contracts, the blood is forced out into arteries and enters small c。