语法一致-意义一致-就近原则-教案.doc

语法一致，意义一致，就近原则合用学科英语合用年级初三合用区域通用学时时长（分钟）1学时/60分钟知识点1、语法一致； 2、集合名词作主语； 3、分数、百分数等作主语；4、时间、金钱等做主语； 5、意义一致； 6、就近原则.教学目的知识：掌握语法一致，意义一致，就近原则.措施：要牢记这三大条规则并能运用.能力：1、明白主谓一致的概念；2、掌握语法一致，意义一致，就近一致这三条原则的具体用法教学重点1.主谓一致的三大原则； 2. 三大原则的具体运用教学难点1、意义一致原则； 2、就近一致原则教学过程一、课堂导入教师将下列句子呈现给学生，学生跟着教师读下列句子，注意划线部分1. His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. His teacher and his friend are so friendly.2. Five hundred dollars is too mush for me.3. Not only these men but also this woman was hurt. 二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句的概念，用法，以及特殊句型的反意疑问句。

（以提问、回忆的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过反意疑问句的具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的主谓一致原则，特别是意义一致和就近一致等知识点三、知识解说谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致知识点1：语法一致的原则1. 【考察点】以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数如：He goes to school early every morning.To work hard is necessary for a student.2. 【考察点】由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数如：Both he and I are right. His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. 3.【考察点】由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.4.【考察点】主语是单数时，尽管背面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。

如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5．【考察点】某些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数如：A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for lost boy.6.【考察点】有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数如：Where are my shoes? I can’t find them. Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.如果此类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式如：Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.知识点2：意义一致的原则1. 【考察点】）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

如：Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear.2. 【考察点】不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数如：All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone.3.【考察点】“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of背面的名词而定名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数如：It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.4.【考察点】half, the rest等表达不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。

如： I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.5.【考察点】以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一种人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式如： The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 知识点3：邻近一致的原则1.【考察点】由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一种是单数，一种是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最接近它的主语一致如：Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.2.【考察点】在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和接近的主语一致。

如：There are two apples and one egg in it. 3.【考察点】以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和接近的主语一致如： Here is a letter and some books for you.四、例题精析【例题1】【题 干】How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are【答案】B【解析】该题考察的是主谓一致Ten years一般被看作是一种时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式例题2】【题 干】Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone【答案】D【解析】本题考察的是主谓一致如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。

又由于她们还都没有回来，因此用has gone而不用has been例题3】【题 干】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers【答案】A【解析】该题考察的是主谓一致这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式deer单复数相似）【例题4】【题 干】Everyone except Tom and John ____ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are【答案】A【解析】考察主语是单数但是背面跟有介词except的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数而从句when the meeting bagan看出是过去时态，因此选择A。

五、课堂运用【基本】1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were【答案】B【解析】本题考察学生对语法一致中的“由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数”这一知识点，the eighteenth and last lesson 是指同一内容2. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? ---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also【答案】 B【解析】 本题初看是在考察连词和名词性短语的搭配，但实则考察主谓一致由题中的谓语动词is可以懂得前面的主语是一种单数形式，因此选项A排除掉。

由题目“I haven’t decided”可以懂得，是这周星期天或者下个星期天都可以，则可排除C,D3. _______ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each【答案】D【解析】 本题仍然考察主谓一致由谓语动词has可以懂得主语是单数，因此A,B排除掉Every不能与of连用4. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.A. are; are B. are; 。