
《考研单词记忆简介》PPT课件.ppt
55页词根词缀基础知识:词根词缀基础知识: 英文单词的“偏旁部首”--- 词根词缀 词缀中:放在词根前面的称前缀,放在词根后的称后缀 比如: international 词根决定单词的基本意思,词缀往往是补充意比如表示方向,否定,加强等比如表示方向,否定,加强等 单词可以只有词根,但是不能只有词缀 看单词主要看前部,单词的意思主要由前缀和词根决定,后缀主要决定词性,少数后缀表示补充含义十大明星前缀记忆十大明星前缀记忆--最常见的前缀最常见的前缀共分五组:共分五组:共分五组:共分五组: 内外,进退,前后,分合,上下内外,进退,前后,分合,上下内外,进退,前后,分合,上下内外,进退,前后,分合,上下内外内外: In/im : 在内,向内 -- import e/ex : 在外,向外 -- export 进退:进退: pro : 向前进 -- progress re : 1.向后退, -- reject 2. 再、重复 -- rebuild 前后:前后: pre : 在…前面 predict post: 在…后面 postwar, postgraduate分合:分合: de : 1.向下 -- decline, decide 2.去掉,离开away -- decode , deforest v. 采伐森林 dis : 1.分开,去掉 discard v. 出牌 2. 否定 dislike co : 共同,一起 [together] -- colleague ,coworker, cooperation 上下:上下: super : 在上面 --- supervise , superman sub : 在下面 --- subway , submarine 1.current: (1)现在的= present current affairs时事 自我介绍:I’m Kevin. Currently,I am working as a Marketing director at IBM. (2) current 还表示:流动的,流行的 current bills and coins 流通的纸币和硬币 current fashions 流行的时尚词根cur(r),curs,cours = run,happen表示“跑,发生” current adj.流动的,n.潮流(curr+ent →跑的→流动的) currency n. 流传;流通的货币(跑来跑去的钱→流通货币) curriculum n. 全部的课程(表)(curr+iculum 表名词→学员跑来跑去的(依据)→ 课表)curriculum与与course的区别的区别 excursion n. 远足;游览 ex 出+cur +sion → 跑出去 → 远足)e.g. let us go on an excursion in spring time 去春游 cursive:adj.(字)草写的 (curs+ive →象跑→样写→草写) 草书/行书:cursive writing 草体字:a cursive style of type precursor n 先驱;先兆(pre+curs+or → 先跑者 → 先驱) 04-2阅读题 precursor n. Icebox is the precursor of modern refrigerator. cur , curs = happen occur v. 发生,出现(oc 反复+cur → 反复跑 →[反复]发生) occurrence n. 出现,产生(occur+r+ence)concur 1.同时发生(con 共同+cur → 共同跑 → 同时发生) His graduation concurred with his birthday. 2. 同时赞同 = agree I concur with you.recur v. 再发生,重现(re 再次+cur → 再次跑来) Old memories constantly recurred to him. 往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。
Exercise People’s expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their ________ state does. A) current B) initial C) modern D) primitive2.certification: 证明quality certification 质量证明(书)来自动词 certify certify v. 确认是真实、准确的比如一个人半夜喜欢唱歌,然后 He was certified (as) insane. 他已由医生出具证书证明为精神错乱比如:查帐时,帐目经查核证明无误 The accounts were certified (as) correct.certificate n. 证书/执照 a birth certificate出生证 academic certificate学历证 a marriage certificate 结婚证graduation certificate毕业证course-completion certificate结业证degree certificate学位证vocational certificate职业证书词根:词根: cern / cert = to make sure 弄清楚弄清楚 certain adj. 肯定的 certify v. 弄清事实真相 → 证明 certificate n. 能帮助我们澄清事实的东西 → 证书 concern v. 关注con 表示一起,要一起把事情弄清楚 → 表示关注 discern v. dis-区分, cern-弄清楚 → 把事情区分清楚 → 辨别 discern the direction/road in the dark 在黑暗中辨别方向 一个很有眼光的顾客:a discerning customer / investor3.identity: 身份 ID card : = identity 后缀 -ation 往往来自动词的名词 identify v. → identification [具有动词性的名词] → 身份的确认 identity 身份 The police have not yet identified the victim. 警方尚未确认遇难者的身份。
certify → certification (具有动词性的名词) n. …的证明 certificate n. 证书 unify→unification (具有动词性的名词) … 的统一 The peaceful unification of China. unity n. 统一体 European economic unity.欧洲经济共同体 qualify v. (使)具有资格→qualification [具有动词性的名词]资格→quality n. 质量 fulfill the qualifications for an MBA candidate 满足报考MBA的要求realize v. →realization …的实现→reality 现实 globalization / modernization / localization / urbanization 4.evidence: 证据 【法律】 证词,证据:法庭上作为证据的文件或口头形式的陈述和实物e.g.There is no evidence that he has killed his boss. 美国怀疑伊拉克有WMD, 最后报告说..... There is no evidence that Iraq has possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction. 辩论的时候: “I bet you have made a terrible mistake.” “Show me your evidence. ”evident adj. 显然的,明白的self-evident 不言自明的Truths are self-evident. 真理是不言自明的课外选读:课外选读:课外选读:课外选读: 独立宣言独立宣言 the Declaration of Independence 1776 “We hold these truths to be self-evident , that all men are created equal , that they are endowed (自自然地赋予然地赋予) by their Creator with certain inalienable(不可剥夺不可剥夺) rights , that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”词根:vid , vis =see 表示“看” evident adj. 明显的(e 出+vid+ent → 看出来了 → 明显的)词汇扩充:明显的词汇扩充:明显的obvious, apparent, distinctevidence n 证据,证人(e+vid+ence- →[明显的证据])evidence, proof, testimony visit v. 拜访 vision n 视力,眼界 visible a 可见的 , → invisible adj. 不可见 visual a 视力的 visual pollution 视觉污染 visualize v 使具体化 (visual 视力+ize → 使[大家]看到 → 具体化) advise v 忠告,劝告 (ad 使+vis+e 使[别人]看到 → 劝告[别人]) revise v 修正,改订 (re 再+vis+e → 再看一遍 → 修正) revision n 修正,校订本 supervise v 监督 (super 在上面+vis+e → 在上面看 → 监督) supervisor n. 监督者, 主管Exercise There is already ________ clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change. A) witness B) certification C) identity D) evidence5.motivation : 动机,激励 词根:mot = move motivate v. 激励 A good manager should motivate his people to achieve the set target. motivation : 动机 The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.一个人学外语的内在要求越高, 那么他就学得越快。
motive n. 动机(更强调目的) motion n. 运动 谋杀动机 What is his motive for murder ?The ball is in motion. 小球处于运动状态promote v. pro (向前运动) → 推动,促进,升迁→ promotion[选记]demote (向下运动) → 使降级 He was demoted from the emperor to a civilian. 末代皇帝溥仪末代皇帝溥仪remote adj. re – 向后 运动→离你越来越远 → 遥远 emotion n. e – 向外 运动 →由内向外流出的→情感情感,感情是一种由内而外的流露commotion n. 表示喧闹,骚动, 暴乱 com 共同 →一群人一起运动 →骚动6.preferences prefer : prefer to do sthprefer to do rather than doprefer A to B词根fer=takeprefer=pre(之前)+ fer(take)→“宁愿,更喜欢”,例:I prefer dogs to cats.相对猫而言,我更喜欢狗。
即狗排在猫的前面) preference“喜好”例:I have a preference for documentary . 我对纪录片有偏好例:I don’t know your preference, so please help yourself. 我不知道你喜欢什么,请你自便 preferable“更可取的” 其本身就是有比较意义的形容词,因此没有比较级其本身就是有比较意义的形容词,因此没有比较级例:A dark suit is preferable to a light one for evening wear.对于晚装,深色西服比浅色西服更可取例:Coffee is preferable to tea, I think. 我认为咖啡比茶更好confer V.=con(together)+fer(take)(一起拿起来讨论)“商讨,商谈”例:The president conferred with his consultants before announcing the decision.总统在宣布决定之前会与顾问商讨其名词为conference“会议”→ forum 例:世界财富论坛 Fortune Global Forum differ dif –[表示分开]1.(from)“与……不同”,例:I differ from you in character.我与你在性格方面非常不同。
2.(with)“与……意见不同”,例:I differ with you on the subject.对于这件事我与你的意见不同difference“不同”,different“不同的”refer动词“参考,查阅”re表示again refer表示不断地拿,不断地看 如refer to a dictionary 查字典 其名词为reference“参考”如reference books参考书 referee“裁判”(ee 表示动作的承受者,refer 的对象,遇到争议要去征求裁判的意见) 相关:相关:employ动词“雇佣”,employee名词“雇员”infer推断=in + fer(take)从里面拿出来的观点例:I inferred from his words that he wanted us to leave.从他的话当中我们推断出他是想让我们离开transfer=trans(across)+ fer(take)动词“调动”如transfer to another team调到另一个队伍前缀:前缀:trans transporttransform—transformer变形金刚 transplant Exercise The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and ________. A) privileges B) possibilities C) possessions D) preferences7.illegal 非法的 前缀: il,ir通常放在l, r 开头的形容词通常表示否定前缀 irrational 不合理的(ir+rational 合理的) e.g. irrational arguments / behavior 不合理的论据 / 荒谬的言行 irregular 不规则的(ir+regular 规则的) irresistible 不可抗拒的(ir+resistible可抗拒的)e.g. irresistible beauty irresistible impulse 不可遏抑的冲动 e.g. I had an irresistible impulse to cry . = I couldn’t help doing sth irreplaceable 不可替代的 e.g.A irreplaceable person in the company—CEO. 词汇延伸:peon / small potato big potato / big shot / big bug/ biggie irrelevant adj.His remarks are irrelevant to our topic.illegal 非法的(il+legal 合法的)illegal drugs / illegal deals 非法毒品/交易illiterate 不识字的(il+literate 认字的)→literature 文学illogical 不合逻辑的(il+logical 逻辑的) Exercise In the U.S. 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is ________ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age. A) liable B) liberal C) irrational D) illegal8.memorable adj. 值得记忆的词根:memo- 表示记忆 memorable adj 值得记忆的→难忘的 = unforgettable memory n. memo 备忘录 memorial n. 纪念馆 remember v. commemorate v. 纪念 This monument commemorates our victory. 这座碑是纪念我们胜利的。
Exercise 1 According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial ________. A) feature B) hint C) spot D) signatureExercise 2 F. W. Woolworth was the first businessman to erect a true skyscraper to ________ himself, and in 1929, A1 Smith, a former governor of New York, sought to outreach him. A) portray B) proclaim C) exaggerate D) commemorate9. interrupt : 前缀:inter – 在中间 inter – 在…之间,相互 interaction n. 相互作用 / 互动 chemical interaction 化学相互作用international interpersonal interpersonal relationships人与人之间的关系interrelate v. 相互关联intervene v. vene-走 – 走在两者之间 → 干涉interchange v. 相互交换 interchange gifts 互赠礼物interchangeable adj. taxi and cab are interchangeable 词根:rupt = break interrupt=inter + rupt两个相互联系的事件被断开1.“打扰”--- 强调中断别人例:Don’t interrupt me while I’m busy.在我忙的时候千万不要打扰我。
bother跟brother兄弟很像例:Sorry to bother you.很抱歉打扰你了 Excuse me.是打扰别人之前说 Sorry to bother you.是打扰人之后说 表示“打扰,干扰”的单词是disturb,它还有一个含义是“使不安”,如:a piece of disturbing news.一条使人不安消息2.“暂时中断”例:Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the World War Two.由于二战,两国的贸易中断了下面看看下面看看 A/B/C/D/E 打头的打头的 rupt 同根词:同根词: abrupt,词根,词根rupt=break 什么叫break??? abrupt death / change / departure突然死亡 / 改变 / 离开 abrupt manner鲁莽的言行bankrupt1.“破产的” bank表古代商人的钱袋例:The company went bankrupt during the economic crisis.这家公司在经济危机时破产了。
2.“使破产”例:The investment in the securities bankrupted him.在证券业的投资,使他彻底破产了vest背心invest把背心都投进去,“投资”securities1.“证券”,secure形容词表“安全的”,动词表“经过艰苦努力而得到”例:They have managed to secure the loan from the bank.他们终于从银行里得到了贷款2.保障,保证,抵押品如:social security 社会保障 corrupt=cor + rupt1.“贪污的,腐败的” 一个人贪,贪不起来,永远都是官官相护,一定是大家一起来贪污腐败,所以是cor+rupt,一起贪污之后便自身毁灭 如:corrupt officials贪污腐败的官员2.“使贪污,腐败,败坏”例:The pornography spread by the Internet has corrupted the minds of the young people. 由网络传播的色情腐蚀着年轻人的思想构词法:词根con 当后面的词根首字母为辅音字母时,n变成此辅音字母如:collaborate=col + labor + ate大家一起劳动 “合作”cooperation=co + operation一起操作便是“合作”disrupt=dis(away)+ rupt使分裂, 使瓦解, 使陷于混乱, 破坏 它不止有中断打扰的意思,还有被破坏且在短期内不能它不止有中断打扰的意思,还有被破坏且在短期内不能恢复的含义。
恢复的含义比如: 2008 年的我国南方的雪灾使得铁路和航空运输一度中断 例:The snowstorm has disrupted the railway and airline services in southern region of China . disrupt名词为disruption 例:The snowstorm has caused the disruption of transportation system. erupt=e(out)+ rupt1.“火山喷发”2.“(战争危机)突然爆发”例:Violence erupted after the negotiation.谈判后爆发了暴力冲突rupture1.“破裂”如:the rupture of the blood vessel血管破裂2.有比喻意如:the rupture of the friendly relations between the two countries两国友好关系的破裂10. Object v. 反对 ject词根: ject = throw object v. ob (反)+ ject(扔)=反着扔→反对 Objection ! Objection overruled ! Objection sustained ! subject(sub- 在…之下,ject 投;“投于某种管辖之下”-->)→使服从,使隶属,支配,统治; be subjected/subject to 受制于,受…支配subject也可作形容词 例如: Everyone is subjected to the laws. In ancient times, human beings were subject to nature.reject v.向后抛回去 →拒绝 project v. 向前抛→投射 projector n. 幻灯机,放映机 inject v. 注射 injector n.注射器 eject v.向外喷射 the fire ejected flamesExercise Brazil’s constitution ________ the military use of nuclear energy. A) withdraws B) forbids C) interrupts D) objects11. distinguish v. 区分 distinguish A from B 词根sting – stinct – stin 表示“刺”、“刺激” distinct adj. dis- = 分开/away 把刺区分开 →不同的 distinguish v. 区别开 distinguished adj. 著名的,卓越的 (区别于一般人的) sting v./n. 刺 → “死叮” I got stung by a bee. stingy adj. 小气的 (像刺一样小的心胸)stimulate v. 刺激,鼓励 extinguish v. 灭火 把刺激(火)拿出去 extinguisher 灭火器 extinct v. 来自 extinguish 生命之火熄灭了 →灭绝了 instinct n. 内在的刺激 →本能Exercise Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to ________ honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones. A) distinguish B) disguise C) dissolve D) discount12. dissolve dis- 分开, solve – 解决→分散开来解决1. 使溶解:to cause to pass into solutiondissolve salt/sugar in water. 使盐/糖溶解于水中 →就得到了solution 溶液Salt dissolves in water.盐溶于水。
血溶于水2. 解散 dissolve parliament and call for new elections 解散议会,要求重新选举 solve动词“解决,解答” 如solve a riddle解答一个谜语soluble“可溶的”例:Sugar is soluble in water. solution名词1.“解答,解决办法”We gotta find a solution to the problem. 2.“溶解,溶液”resolve 反复地解决问题,表示一种坚定的“决心,决定” = firmly decide to do 比如: In order to gain fortune, she resolves to marry the Ugly Fat Old guy . (PS:UFO是个又丑又肥的老男人)resolution名词1.“坚决,决心”New Year’s Resolution make a resolution to get up early in the morning 例:His encouragement and support strengthened our resolution. 他的鼓励和支持加强了我们的决心。
2.“决定,决议”例:All those in favor of the resolution should raise their hands.所有那些支持这个决议的人举手13. potential potential customer potential employerpotential marketYou have great potential . I will help you achieve your full potential .词根:poten=powerful,表示“有力的” potent arguments有说服力的证据 potent drug 很有效的药 potential n. 潜力(由“能力”引申为“潜力”)impotent adj. 无力的,无能力的im 无+potent omnipotent adj. omni 全部+potent全能的, 无所不能的全能的如:the Omnipotent God 万能的上帝 钱不是万能的,没钱是万万不能 Money is not omnipotent, but without money you are impotent. 。












