研究发现(一)-2021年高考英语阅读理解话题分类训练.pdf

1）湖北省2 0 2 1 届六校第一次联考英语试题之D篇The artificial lighting which lines the worlds coastlines could be having a significant impact on species thatrely on the moon and stars to find food,new research suggests.Creatures such as the sand hopper（沙蚤）orientate（确定方位）their nightly migrations based on the moonsposition and brightness of the natural night sky.However,a study by Bangor University and the University ofPlymouth shows the presence of artificial light originating from cities several kilometres away（also known asartificial sky glow）disrupts the lunar compass they use when covering long distances.In some cases,this can lead to animals travelling towards the sea and away from food,while in others itreduces the chance of them venturing out for food at all.Writing in Current Biology,researchers say this could posea distinct threat not just to the health of sand hopper populations but also the wider ecosystem,since they play animportant role in breaking down and recycling algae washed up on coastlines.Dr.Thomas Davies,Lecturer in Marine Conservation at the University of Plymouth（UK）,said,Artificial skyglow is the most geographically widespread form of light pollution.Surveys have shown it can currently bedetected above 23%of the worlds coasts nightly,and with coastal human populations set to at least double by 2060,its effects are only going to increase.Our results show it is already having obvious impacts on biological processesthat are guided by celestial（天上的）light signals.Through the study,researchers find increasing evidence that light pollution from coastal cities can influencemarine species inhabiting nearby beaches,rocky shores and even the seafloor.These results highlight howpervasive（遍布的）cily lighting could be in shaping the ecology of coastlines kilometres distant from their nearesturban centres.They also highlight the potential for artificial sky glow to impact other species that undergomigrations using the moon as a compass.“While our understanding of the impacts of street lights on nature has improved dramatically,artificial skyglow has been largely overlooked.More work is urgently needed to fully understand the extent to which it isshaping the natural environment.Dr.Thomas Davies added.32.Which of the following could best replace“disrupts in paragraph 2?A.disturbs B.makesC.unites D.replaces33.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.The ways of creatures hunting food.B.The causes of animals migrating at night.C.The results of ecosystems being destroyed.D.The influence of artificial light on creatures.34.What have researchers found about light pollution?A.It is the main pollution in cities.B.It shapes the ecology of the ocean.C.It has a great influence on surroundings.D.It affects the migrations of sea creatures.35.What does Dr.Thomas Davies think of the study of artificial sky glow?A.It is useless.B.It is essential.C.It is doubtful.D.It is challenging.【答案】32.A 33.D 34.C 35.B【解析】本文是说明文。

文章主要阐述新的研究表明，世界海岸线上的人工照明可能对依靠月球和恒星寻找食物的物种有重大影响32题详解】词句猜测题However表示转折关系，上文Creatures such as the sand hopper（沙蚤）orientate（确定方位）theirnightly migrations based on the moons position and brightness of the natural night sky.说明像沙蚤这样的生物根据月亮的位置和自然夜晚的亮度来确定它们的夜间迁徙的方向，因此推断下文划线句句意：班戈大学和普利茅斯大学的一项研究表明，来自几公里外城市的人工光（也称为人工天空辉光）的存在扰乱了它们长距离迁徙时使用的月球罗盘可推断划线词与A 项“扰乱”意思相近33题详解】主旨大意题根据第三段的内容可知，在某些情况下，这可能导致动物走向大海和远离食物，而在另一些情况下，它减少了它们冒险出去觅食的机会这可能不仅对沙蚤种群的健康构成威胁、而且对更广泛的生态系统构成明显的威胁，因此推断本段主要讲述人工光对生物的影响34题详解】细节理解题根据倒数第二段的 Through the study,researchers find increasing evidence that light pollution fromcoastal cities can influence marine species inhabiting nearby beaches,rocky shores and even the seafloor.（通过这项研究，研究人员发现越来越多的证据表明，沿海城市的光污染会影响居住在附近海滩、岩石海岸甚至海底的海洋物种。

可知，光污染对周围环境有很大影响35题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段的 While our understanding of the impacts of street lights on nature has improveddramatically,artificial sky glow has been largely overlooked.More work is urgently needed to fully understand theextent to which it is shaping the natural environment虽然我们对路灯对自然的影响的理解有了很大的提高，但人造天空辉光在很大程度上被忽视了迫切需要开展更多的工作，以充分了解它在多大程度上塑造了自然环境可推断，Thomas Davies博士认为我们对人造天空辉光的研究是基本的，需要开展更多的工作故选Bo（2）厦门外国语学校2021届高三第一次阶段性检测之D篇While we may think it feels good to complain,complaining has some bad effects associated with it.Why isnt complaining beneficial?Research shows that it connects our brain with negativity.The brain isdesigned to work efficiently.This means that when we repeat a thought,negative or positive,the nerve cells form abridge between each other to pass information in a higher speed.Therefore,the next time we have a similar type ofthought,it is more easily passed.This explains why certain thought patterns become habits.Yet the harmful effects dont stop there.A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus（海马区）,which plays a vital role in problem-solving,to become smaller.In addition to causing brain damage,complaining also releases a stress hormone:cortisol,a kind of chemicalthe body produces when we meet with some danger.Constantly having a high level of cor。