《腹部超声》PPT课件.ppt

AbdominalSonography腹部超声腹部超声2 2Also known as-Abdominal ultrasound (US) scanning-Abdominal US imaging-Abdominal ultrasonography -Abdominal ultrasound 3 3Aboutthecourse4 4WhatisAbdominalSonography? WhatisanAbdominalSonogram?Whataresomecommonusesoftheprocedure?Howwouldpatientsprepare?Howdoestheprocedurework?Whatdoestheequipmentlooklike?Whointerpretstheresults?Whatarethebenefitsvs.risks?WhatarethelimitationsofAbdominalUSG? UltrasonographyInfo5 5What is Abdominal Sonography? Abdominalsonographyisamethodofobtainingimagesofinternalorgansbysendinghigh-frequencysoundwavesintothebody.Thereflectedsoundwavesarereturnedasechoes.Theechoesarethenrecordedanddisplayedasareal-timevisualimage.Sinceultrasoundimagesarecapturedinreal-timetheyhavetheabilitytoshowmovementofinternaltissues,liverfunction,andbloodflow.6 6Ultrasonographyisanoninvasivemedicaltestthathelpsphysiciansdiagnoseandtreatmedicalconditions.Anabdominalultrasonographyproducesapictureoftheorgansandotherstructuresintheupperabdomen.What is Abdominal Sonography? 7 7ADopplerultrasoundstudymaybepartofanabdominalultrasoundexamination.Dopplerultrasoundisaspecialultrasoundtechniquethatevaluatesbloodasitflowsthroughabloodvessel,includingthebodysmajorarteriesandveinsintheabdomen,arms,legsandneck.What is Abdominal Sonography? 8 8What is an Abdominal Sonogram? Anabdominalsonogramcanhelptodiagnoseavarietyofconditionsandtoassessdamagecausedbyillness.Liver,gallbladder,spleen,pancreas,andkidneyswillbeevaluatedduringanabdominalsonogram.Variousreasonsare:abdominalpain,abnormallabresults,andenlargedabdominalorgans.9 9What is an Abdominal Sonogram? Anabdominalsonographerwillberequiredtoimagesmallbodypartsaswell.Thesepartsinclude:thyroidgland,testicles,breast,andvarioussofttissueofbodyparts.Doctorscanalsouseabdominalsonographytoguidethemastheyperformneedlebiopsiesonabdominalorgans.1010Whataresomecommonusesoftheprocedure? -Kidneys-Liver-Gallbladder-Pancreas-Spleen-AbdominalaortaandotherbloodvesselsAbdominalultrasoundimagingisperformedtoevaluatethe:1111Whataresomecommonusesoftheprocedure? AbdominalpainsAbnormalliverfunctionEnlargedabdominalorganAbnormalitiesintheabdomen :gallstones,livercirrhosis,cyst,tumor,etc.Ananeurysmintheaorta 1212Whataresomecommonusesoftheprocedure? Dopplerultrasoundimagescanhelpthephysiciantoseeandevaluate:Blockagestobloodflow(blood clots/atherosclerotic plaque)Narrowingofvessels(whichmaybecausedbyplaque)Tumorsandcongenitalmalformation血凝块血凝块/动脉粥样硬化斑块动脉粥样硬化斑块1313Whataresomecommonusesoftheprocedure? Guideinvasiveproceduressuchasneedlebiopsyandwithdrawaloffluid1414How would patients prepare? （）wearcomfortable,loose-fittingclothing（）bariumenemaorupperGI(gastrointestinal)tests钡餐灌肠钡餐灌肠 上消化道检查上消化道检查1515Forastudyoftheliver,gallbladder,spleen,andpancreas,patientmaybeaskedtoeatafat-freemealontheeveningbeforethetestandthentoavoideatingfor8to12hoursbeforethetest.Forultrasoundofthekidneys,maybeaskedtodrink4to6glassesofwateraboutanhourbeforethetesttofillyourbladder.maybeaskedtoavoideatingforeightto12hoursbeforethetesttoavoidgasbuildupintheintestines.Forultrasoundoftheaorta,youmayneedtoavoideatingforeightto12hoursbeforethetest.How would patients prepare? 1616Incaseofanemergency,examscanbedonewithoutspecialpreparations.Tellthesonographer,sonologist,orphysicianconductingtheexaminationaboutpain,bleeding,oranyothersymptoms.Tellingtheexamineraboutpastultrasoundsandsurgeriesishelpful,andsometimesprovidescrucialinformation.（重要信息）（重要信息）How would patients prepare? 1717Howdoestheprocedurework? Youwillbepositionedonanexaminationtableandmadetoliedownonyourbackandlayyourhandsaboveyourhead.Itmaybecomenecessarytochangepositionsduringtheexam,andliedownonyoursideorsitup.Alubricatinggel（甘油凝胶（甘油凝胶/耦合剂）耦合剂）isappliedtothepatientsabdominalarea.1818Howdoestheprocedurework? Anapparatusknownasatransducerisplacedontheabdominalareaandmovedaroundtogetrealtimeimages.Sometimesyouwillhavetobreatheinandholdyourbreathaccordingtothetechnologist,sonologist,orphysiciansinstructions.Examinationsusuallytake10-30minutes. 1919n nSmall structure-higher-frequency linear arrayn nAbdomen-curved/linear/arrayn nEchocardiography-sectorn nObstetric & gynecologic-curved arrayInstrumentation2020Whointerpretstheresults?A radiologist, or sonogist2121Whatarethebenefitsvs.risks? Benefitsnoninvasive(noneedlesorinjections)andisusuallypainless.widelyavailable,easy-to-useandlessexpensivethanotherimagingmethods.usesnoionizingradiation.givesaclearpictureofsofttissuesthatdonotshowupwellonx-rayimages.causesnohealthproblemsandmayberepeatedasoftenasisnecessary.providesreal-timeimaging,makingitagoodtoolforguidingminimallyinvasiveproceduressuchasinjections,needlebiopsiesandneedleaspirationoffluid2222Whatarethebenefitsvs.risks? RisksForstandarddiagnosticultrasoundtherearenoknownharmfuleffectsonhumans.Pregnantwomenandfetusescanbesafelyexamined.2323WhatarethelimitationsofAbdominalUSG? Ultrasoundwavesaredisruptedbyairorgas;thereforeultrasoundisnotanidealimagingtechniqueforthebowelororgansobscuredbythebowel.Inmostcases,bariumexams,CTscanning,andMRI。