建筑材料,混凝土与砂浆有关视频

1、为了适应公司新战略的发展，保障停车场安保新项目的正常、顺利开展，特制定安保从业人员的业务技能及个人素质的培训计划建筑材料,混凝土与砂浆有关视频五大建筑材料见证取样方法供参考学习一、水泥1、水泥的进场检验：、水泥进场后首先检查水泥的出场合格证及出场检验报告，核对包装袋上的厂家、牌号、品种、强度等级、出场日期，出场编号。除此以外，水泥袋上还应注明产品名称、代号、净含量、生产许可证编号、执行标准号，包装年月日，水泥袋上字迹颜色，硅酸盐和普通硅酸盐水泥为红色，矿渣水泥为绿色。、取样批量和方法a.散装水泥：同厂同期同品种同强度的同一出场编号500t为一批。取样方法随机从不少于三个车罐中，用槽型管在适应位置插入水泥一定深度(不超过2m)。取样搅拌均匀后从中取出不少于12kg作为试样放入标准的干燥密封容器中，同时另取一份封样保存。b.袋装水泥：同一厂家、同期、同品种、同强度等级，以一次进场的同一出场编号的水泥200t为一批，先进行包装重量检查，每袋重量允许偏差1kg。取样方法:随机从20袋中采取等量的水泥，经搅拌后取12kg两份，密封好，一份送检，一份封样保存。二钢筋1、对进厂的钢筋首先进行外观检查

2、，核对钢筋的出厂检验报告、合格证、成捆筋的标牌、钢筋上的标识，同时对钢筋的直径、不圆度、肋高等进行检查，表面质量不得有裂痕、结疤、折叠、凸块和凹陷。外观检查合格后进行见证取样复试。2、取样方法：拉伸、弯曲试样，可在每批材料或每盘中任选两根钢筋距端头500mm处截取。拉伸试样直径20mm，长度为300400mm。弯曲试样长度为250mm，直径R2532mm的拉伸试样长度为350450mm，弯曲试样长度为300mm。取样在监理见证下取2组，1组送样1组封样保存。3、批量：同一厂家、同一牌号、同一规格、同一炉罐号同一交货状态每60t为一验收批。三、混凝土1、砼的见证取样地点应在浇注地点随即取样，在监理见证下进行现场搅拌砼，取样应在第三盘至结束前30min之间取样。商品砼运至现场后进行交货检验，其砼试样应在交货地点同一车送的砼卸料量的1434之间取样，试块按组数填写委托单，按要求留足试块组数。2、组批规则：1）现场搅拌同：同一强度等级，同一配合比，生产工艺相同的砼每一取样单位应符合下列规定：a、每拌制100盘，但不超过100m3,。B、按每工作台班。C、每一现浇楼层。2、商品砼：用于交货检验的

3、混凝土按100m3一个工作台班拌制的混凝土不足100m3按每工作台班。当连续供应混凝土量大于1000m3时，按每200m3计算。3根据具体需要留置同条件试块。四、砂浆：批量：1以每楼层或每250m3砌体2、基础砌体3、每一层建筑或1000m2地面工程4取样地点在盘口并在砂浆砌筑地点随机取样后在监理见证下封存，填写委托单，注明取样地点；在单线图上注明轴号、砌筑高度等。五、砂采用标准JGJ5292普通混凝土用砂质量标准及检验方法组批规则：应按同产地、同规格、同一进场时间分批验收。以400m3或600t为一验收批。不是上述数量者以一批论。抽样数量：每一验收批取样22kg。2份，1份压样送检，1份封份保存。抽样方法：在料堆取样时，取样部位均应分布。取样前先将取样部位表层铲除。然后由各部位抽取大致相等的砂共8份，组成一组试样。CONCRETEANDMORTAR1.EarlyHistoryofCementandConcreteShelterfromtheverybeginningofman/existence,hasdemandedtheapplicationOfthebest,available

4、technologyofthecontemporaryera.Intheearliestages,structuresconsistedoframmedearth,orstoneblockslaidoneonanotherwithoutbenefitofanybondingorcementingmedium.Stabilityofthestonestructuresdependedontheregularsettingoftheheavystones,Theearliestmasoyprobablyconsistedofsun-driedclaybricks,setinregularcoursesinthinlayersofmoistmud.Whenthemoistmuddried,asolidclaywallresulted.Construction:ofthiskindwascommoninthedrydesertareasoftheworld.BurntgypsumasacementingmaterialwasdevelopedearlyintheEgyptianperiodan

5、dwasapparentlyusedinconstructionofsomeofthepyramids.LatertheGreeksandRomansdiscoveredmethodsofburninglimestonetoproducequicklimewhichwassubsequentlyslakedforuseinmakingmortar.BoththeGreeksandtheRomanslearnedthatcertainfinesoilorearth,whenmixedwiththelimeandthesand,producedasuperiorcementingmaterial.TheGreekmaterial,avolcanictufffromtheislandofSantorin,isstillusedinthatpartOftheworld.ThebestofthematerialsusedbytheRomanswasatufforashfromthevicinityofPozzuolinearMt.Vesuvius,hencethename“pozzolan”us

6、edtoidentifyacertaintypeofmineraladmixtureusedinconcretetoday.ThecementproducedbytheRomanswasahydrauliccement,thatis,ithadthecapabilityofhardeningunderwater.ManyoftheRomanstructureswereconstructedofaformofconcrete,usingthesematerials,andstonemasoywasbondedwithamortarsimilarlycomposed.DuringtheMiddleAgesofhistory,theartofmakinggoodmortarwasnearlylost,thelowpointhavingbeenreachedinaboutthellthcentury,whenmuchinferiormaterialwasused.Qualityofthelimestartedtoimproveatthistimeandinthe14thcenturyorlat

7、ertheuseofpozzolanswasagainpractised.OneofthemostfamousprojectsofthecomparativelyrecentperiodwastheconstructionofthenewEddystoneLighthouseoffthecoastofEnglandin1757-59.JohnSmeaton,theengineeranddesignerofthestructure,investigatedmanymaterialsandmethodsofbondingthestonesforthebuilding.Engineeringandscientificdevelopmentwasbeginningtomoverapidlyatthistime,andmanyresearchersinseveralcountrieswereinvestigatingcementingagentsmadefromgypsum,limestoneandothernaturalmaterials.Onediscoverywasamethodofmak

8、ingacementbyburninganaturallyoccurringmixtureoflimeandclay.propertiesofthenaturalcementwereveryerraticbecauseofvariationsintheproportionsinthenaturalmaterial,althoughuseofthisnaturalcementcontinuedformanyyears.In1824JosephAspdin,abrickmasonofLeeds,England,tookoutapatentonamaterialhecalledPortlandcement,socalledbecauseconcretemadewithitwassupposedtoresemblethelimestonequarriednearPortland,England.Aspdinisgenerallycreditedwithinventingamethodofproportioninglimestoneandclay,burningthemixtureathight

9、emperaturetoproduceclinkers,thengrindingtheclinkerstoproduceahydrauliccement.Hissmallkiln,producingabout16tonsofclinkeratatime,requiredseveraldays/oreachburn.Expansionanddevelopmentofcementmanufacturingwasslowforanumberofyears.About1850,however,theindustryhadbecomewellestablishednotonlyinEngland,butalsoinGermanyandBelgium.ShipmentstotheUnitedStateswerestartedin1868andreachedapeakabout1895,atwhichtimeproductionwaswellunderwayintheUnitedStates.MeanwhiletheUnitedStatesproductionofnaturalcementhadbeenstartedearlyinthe19thcenturyasaresultofthedemandforcementforconstructionoftheErieCanalandrelatedworks.Subsequen

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