东南大学第二学期学术英语写作课件2 initiating research
21页1、Initiating Research,Academic Writing Course,Contents,What is a research,Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps: pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. (John W. Creswell, 2008). Research is the systematic activity directed towards objectively investigating specific problems in order to discover the relationships between and among varia
2、bles. It seeks to answer specific questions. (Nyanjui, 2010,Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships. (Waltz and Bausell, 1981,Purpose,Process,Product,Three Ps to describe the whole process of research,P12,Questions/Problems,Systematic Approach,Answers/Solutions,qualitative research quantitative research,theoretical/basic research applied research,descriptive research analytical
3、research,primary research secondary research,Discussion,Types of research,increasing scientific knowledge,using basic research to solve problems or develop new processes, products, or techniques,survey- or experiment-based research,library- or Internet-based research,field research,desk research,Steps to initiate a research,Selecting a topic,Formulating a thesis statement,Constructing a title,Creating an outline,interesting specific, unique and significant,answer to the research question the pur
4、pose of research specific,the fewest possible words focus and purpose of research phrase, incomplete sentence,enhance organization and coherence of research paper serve the purpose well topic or sentence outline,P12-14,Identifying a research question,Specifying the research objective,Principles of topic selection,interesting a topic that interests you and your readers important a topic that has practical or theoretical value manageable a topic that you are able to reasonably conduct a topic that
5、 is not too specific or too general adequate a topic that has adequate source materials available,Methods for selecting a topic,Discussion,Consult your professor or an expert Participate in academic conference and academic lectures Select from puzzling problems Read books and newspapers Choose from your own interests Do literature reviews,How to formulate a thesis statement,Brainstorm and Settle on a topic Narrow down the topic Take a position on the topic by asking a question about the topic an
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