2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Blacks have traditionally been poorly educated - look at the crisis in urban public schools - and deprived of the sorts of opportunities that create the vision necessary for technological ambition. Black folkways in America, those unspoken, largely unconscious patterns of thought and belief about what is possible that guide aspiration and behavior, thus do not encompass physics and calculus. Becoming an engineer - unlike becoming a doctor or a lawyer or an i

2、nsurance salesman - has not been seen as a way up in the segregated black community. These folkways developed in response to very real historical conditions, to the limited and at best ambivalent interactions between blacks and technology in this country. Folkways, the consciousness of the race, change at a slower pace than societal conditions do - and so a working strategy can turn into a crippling blindness and self-limitation.【答案】传统上，黑人受教育程度较低看看城市公立学校的危机就知道了他们被剥夺了创造技术抱负所必需的愿景的各种机会。在美国，黑人的风俗习惯

3、，那些没有说出口的，在很大程度上是无意识的思维模式和信仰，引导着人们的愿望和行为，因此不包括物理学和微积分学。与成为医生、律师或保险推销员不同，在种族隔离的黑人社区里，成为一名工程师并没有被视为上进之道。这些民俗是在真实的历史条件下发展起来的，是这个国家黑人和技术之间，有限的并且是矛盾的相互作用下发展起来的。民俗，也就是“种族意识”的变化比社会条件的变化要慢，所以一种有效的策略可能会变成过度的盲目和自我限制。2. 案例题At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to

4、the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like school

5、s, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants l

6、ow-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harva

7、rd economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal ( 财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with

8、welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isnt all that dramatic. The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions, says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. But when all those factors are put together and the econom

9、ists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one. Too bad most people dont realize it.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.2. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?A. They can access all kinds of public services.B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C. They can mix with people of different cultures.D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.3. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B.

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