世界三分之一国家缺乏法定的室外空气质量标准-102页

Global Assessment of Air Pollution Legislation First published by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2021 Copyright © 2021 United Nations Environment Programme Regulating Air Quality: The first global assessment of air pollution legislation. Nairobi. ISBN No: 978-92-807-3872-8 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Environment Programme would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Communication Division, United Nations Environment Programme, P. O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The description and classification of countries and territories in this study and the arrangement of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The boundaries shown on maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the Secretariat of the United Nations. Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by United Nations Environment Programme or the authors. Links contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations Environment Programme takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. Design and layout: Strategic Agenda Publishing Services Section, UNON, Nairobi, Kenya ISO 14001.2004 certified Regulating Air Quality The first global assessment of air pollution legislation Contents List of acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................................4 Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 a. b. Policy background.............................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Project rationale and scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 i. Air quality standards: the centrepiece of air quality law and governance...........................................................................................12 Embedding air quality standards in law and governance ........................................................................................................................12 ii. Methodology........................................................................................................................................................................20 a. b. Quantitative global analysis of legal indicators .......................................................................................................................................................20 Selective case study analysis of more complex issues of legal implementation ...................................