高中定语从句课件.ppt

语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句定语从句（（the attributive clause）） ☆☆ 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_______ ，引导定语从，引导定语从句的词叫做句的词叫做 ________ 或或 _________☆☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）句子成分）在复合句中，在复合句中，充当充当_______ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句 “先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词”“关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的引导的修饰修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句被修饰的词叫被修饰的词叫先行词先行词一. 定语从句的基本定义The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中关系代词在定语从句中作主语作主语、、宾语宾语、、表语表语和和定语定语，常用的关系代词有：，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作关系副词在定语从句中作状语状语，常用的关系副，常用的关系副词有：词有：when, where, why二. 关系词的分类三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、、宾语宾语、、表表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语①① who指指人人,在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语。

作宾作宾语时，可省略语时，可省略The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.②②whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略在定语从句中作宾语，可省略 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.who, whom③③ which 指指物物，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主语或宾作主语或宾语语作宾语时，可省略作宾语时，可省略 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （（which）） he is using ismade in Japan. whichHe is the man (that) I told you about.④④that 指指人或物人或物，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主语，宾作主语，宾语或表语语或表语作宾语时，可省略作宾语时，可省略A plane is a machine that can fly.that⑤⑤whose指指人或物人或物, 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语 。

不可省略不可省略We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose仔细看下表仔细看下表三. 1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、、宾语宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、、宾语宾语、、表表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语­想一想1. 当which和that都在定语从句中指代物时，如何选择？ 2. 当who和that都在定语从句中指代人时，如何选择？ 3. 特别注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which①①当先行词中有人又有物时如：当先行词中有人又有物时如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2. 关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②②当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。

如：等时如：This is all that I want from the school.③③当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修等修饰时如：饰时如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.④④当先行词被最高级修饰时如：当先行词被最高级修饰时如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.⑤⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时如：当先行词被序数词修饰时如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.注：注：在定语从句中在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时当先行词指物时,只能用只能用which而不能而不能用用that 的情况：的情况：①① 在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which既（既that前面不加介词）前面不加介词） This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.②② Which 可引导非限制性定语从句，可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。

则不能既（既逗号后面不用逗号后面不用That）） She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who2)用who不用that的情况①①先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时如：等时如：All who heard the news were excited.②②先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致如：的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.注意：注意：Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.注意：注意：Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致巩固记忆巩固记忆1.定语从句的概念？定语从句的概念？2.引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词3.That和和which引导定语从句的选择引导定语从句的选择4. who和和which引导定语从句的选择引导定语从句的选择巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子1.The girl __________is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter. is her daughter.2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with 2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. is a famous singer.3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak 3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English English very well.very well.4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from 4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library. the library.5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.5. I can’t find the book ________________you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/that(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习巩固练习 1：适当的关系词填空：适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空四四. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法五. 关系副词的基本用法关系副关系副词词指代的先行指代的先行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表表时间时间的名的名词词/名名词词组词词组时间时间状状语语where表地点的名表地点的名词词/名名词词组词词组地点状地点状语语why表原因的名表原因的名词词原因状原因状语语用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。

如：如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War ⅡⅡ broke out.1. when1. when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. where用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why3. why1. 找出先行词找出先行词2. 看先行词看先行词/关系词在从句中所做的成分。

关系词在从句中所做的成分1). 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)2). 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状原因状语语) 3. 在选完关系词后带入验证（把关系词还原到从在选完关系词后带入验证（把关系词还原到从句中）句中） 判定用判定用“关代关代”还是还是“关副关副” 步骤：步骤：1.I know a place where we can play basketball. 我知道一个可以打球的地方2. I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方1. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。

2. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子1.This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因2. This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there. The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2. I will never forget the day_______________ I met you. I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time. 高考链接高考链接（（2011•江苏卷）江苏卷）24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream.A.WhenB. WhereC. thatD. which(全国全国I 24).As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ___ is named after his grandfather.A. which B. Where C. What D. that  高考链接高考链接（（2011•陕西卷）陕西卷）11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake A. which B. where C. who D. that另外，有意向来巨人学校另外，有意向来巨人学校的同学请到前台报名的同学请到前台报名我们有精美的我们有精美的礼品礼品等着大家等着大家。