graph writing.ppt

Graph Writing,,Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay:,A brief introduction,Graph writing, in fact, is a way to transfer information into written language from a graph or chart.Here the word “graph” refers to Graphs, Charts, and Tables. Graphs and charts are pictures which show numbers or figures, and tables are just rows and columns of information.Usually, graph writing consists of three parts: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Introduction should describe the purpose of report and say what overall trends you see. Body should describe the most important trends, while all information is summarized,1.2.3.,A R _ Writing Practice 2,to avoid unnecessary details. Conclusion should sum up the global trends shown on the figure and compare them if possible.In order to have a better composition, the writer should be familiar with some special expressions in graph writing. (Details can be seen below),4.,A R _ Writing Practice 3,,Main Types of Graphs,Line Graph,The most common type of graph is the line graph. It is a graph that uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics overtime or space.,Pie Graph,A second type is the pie graph. It is best suited for illustrating simple distribution patterns.,Because a pie graph is used to dramatize(使形象化) relationships among the parts of a whole, you should keep the number of segments in the graph as small as possible. A pie graph should ideally have from two or five segments; under no circumstances should it have more than eight.,,Bar Graph,A third graph is the bar graph. It is a particularly good way to show comparisons among two or more items. By using a bar graph, the speaker made his points more vividly than if he had just cited the numbers orally.,Charts,Charts are especially useful for summarizing large blocks of information, usually in list form. These are too many categories for a pie graph. By listing them on a chart, the speaker made it easy for listeners to keep track of the information.,这类作文一般是柱状图，块状图进行分析。

如果是线状图，要讲明线的走向，数据对比，说明什么，原因分析和前景预测或个人看法如果是柱状图，要讲明柱的高低，数据对比，说明什么，原因分析和前景预测如果是块状图，要说明块状比例，数据对比例，说明什么，原因分析和前景预测Contents,,,,Bar Chart & Line Graph,1,,,Pie Chart & Table,2,,,4,练　习,常用变化动词,,,,,grew to, rose to, increased to, went up to, soared toclimbed to, rebounded to, jumped to, shooted to,dipped to, fell to, declined to, dropped to,reduced to, decreased to, slumped to, slided to,achieved, reached, arrived at, hit was up to, amounted to, stood at,,fluctuated, went up and down rose and fell,量化副词,不会写的变化能不能跳过去不写,,,,,slightly, slowly,,,,,,,轻微地缓慢地,稳步地逐渐地,显著地快速地,急剧地突然地,steadily, moderately, gradually,,considerably, significantly, remarkably, rapidly,sharply, dramatically, drastically, steeply,,,,,常用13程度副词,,图表＋表明＋信息,,,,,illustrateindicaterevealStateDemonstratedescribe,curve/line graph; pie chart; bar/column chart; table;,名词短语从句,常用词,峰值: the top, the summit, the peak谷值: the bottom,  the lowest point上升: a rise, an increase, a jump下降: a fall, a decrease, a drop趋势: tendency ,trend, inclination大约：roughly, almost, approximately倍数：half, double, twice, quarter, triple,by /to 图示,介词区分,词汇抽查,在1996年三月以后失业率迅速下降了6％,小作文黄金3 句型,在1996年三月以后失业率迅速下降了6％。

The unemployment rate decreased considerably by 6% after March, 1996.---动词态The unemployment rate experienced a considerable decrease approximately 6% after March, 1996. ---名词态It was roughly 6% that the unemployment rate decreased considerably after March, 1996. ---强调句型,图表作文的写作原则- 时间，最高原则,如果出现一组时间，那么以最早的时间开始描述如果在同一年代里出现可以比较的数据，那么从最高值开始描述如果图表里没有出现时间，那么就关注最高值，从最高值开始描述注意描述最低的数值和有特点的数值线图&柱图切入点是描述趋势饼图&表格切入点是描述分配柱图&饼图&表格中，将近似的数据分组，一起描述线图以最后出现的数值结束，其他图以最低的数值结束,开头常用到的表达,The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graphFigures/statistics shows （that）……It can be seen from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statistics,柱图展示,柱图写作技法,1. 逻辑分组－局部趋势－典型数据2. 比较: similarity3. 对比: difference4. 横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征5. 数据读约数即可,1－10　　　英语分数　 英语11+　　 数字百分数　　 数字小数　 数字,Bar Chart,The use of bus went up from 1950 to 1970 (approximately 20% and 30% respectively) and went down from 1970 to 1990(under 20%)The use of car increased significantly from 1950 to 1990. In 1950, only a few people drove to work, however, in 1970, about one quarter of the people owned a car. By 1990, the number of people who went to work by car jumped to over 30%.,Bar Chart- Body,During the same period, there were gradual decline in the use of bicycle and on foot.In 1950, more than half of the people were cycling or walking to work.In 1970, the use of bicycle and on foot still occupied over 40%.But in 1990, the number of these people decreased to less than 20%.,。