医学教学课件：Blood and Hemopoiesis.ppt

Blood and Hemopoiesis      1.       Components:---formed elements: 45%•  red  blood cell-erythrocyte•  white blood cell-leukocyte•  platelets---plasma: 55%, PH  7.3-7.4,  90% water•  contain: •plasma protein (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), •lipidprotein•enzymes•hormone•vitamin•inorganic salt and products of metabolism*serum:  plasma without fibrinogenBlood smear: Wright or Giemsa stain methods1.   Cells1) erythrocyte, red blood cell ---normal number: (4.2-5.5)X1012/L in male (3.5-5.0)X1012/L in female ---structure: biconcave discs in shape, 7.5-8.5 um in diameter, 1-2um thickno nucleus and organellafilled with hemoglobin (Hb)-normal Hb : 120-150g/L in male 105-135g/L in female-Function:combine and transfer Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide(CO2)*anemia: RBC <3.0X1012 /L or Hb <100g/L•ABO blood type blood type antigen: A, B : -membrane protein hemolytic transfusion reaction -hemolysis→erythrocyte ghostABO Blood Group System: * reticulocyte: •immature cell•remained ribosome: delicate network structure when stained with brilliant cresyl blue•0.5-1% of total erythrocyte population •or 3-6% in neonate---life span: 120 days2) leukocyte---a group of large cells with nucleus---involve in defense and immune reaction---normal number: (4.0-10) X109/L---classification: • granulocytes: /neutrophil                         /eosinophil                         /basophil• agranulocytes:                        /lympocyte                         /monocyte ①①     neutrophil: 50-70% of total leukocyte population---structure: LM: •round, 10-12um in diameter•rob-liked or poly morphous nucleus, 2-5 lobes•fine neutrophilic granules-pink cytoplasmEM: specific granule: • 80% • small, 0.3-0.4 um ovoid or irregular in shape• contain: lysozyme, phagocytin (defensin) , ect. azurophilic granule: • 20%• large, round or ovoid , 0.6-0.7 um • electron dense•acid phosphatase, peroxidase, ect.---function: phagocytose bacterium: •specific g.-kill B•azurophilic g.- digest B---life span: in blood 6-8 hours, in CT 2-3 daysNeutrophilic granulocyteNeutrophilic granulocyteNeutrophilic granulocyteNeutrophilic granulocyte      ②②     eosinophil: 0.5-3% of total leukocyte populationLM: • round,10-15 um in diameter•2 lobes nucleus•rough bright red granules -acidophilic granulesEM: granules: •  round or ovoid •  with cube-liked electron dense crystal•  contain: -ACPase-histaminase-peroxidase---function: counteract the infection of parasitereduce allergic reaction---life span: in blood 6-8 hour, in CT 8-12 daysEosinophilic granulocyteEosinophilic granulocyte致密结晶体致密结晶体•③③    basophil: 0-1% of leukocyte population LM: •less, round 10-12 um •lobe, “S” shaped or irregular nucleus•basophilic g.: contains heparin, histamine and acidophil chemotactic factor•cytoplasm: contain leukotriene---function: involve in allergic reaction---life span: 10-15 daysBasophilic granulocyteBasophilic granulocyte  ④④     monocyte:3-8% of total leukocyte population LM: •large round, 14-20um •nucleus appear as kidney, horse-shoe or ovoid in shape•cytoplasm: gray-blue in color, contain azurophilic g.EM: • azurophilic granule: peroxidase, ACPase, lysozyme---function: actively mobile and chemotaxis---life span: in blood 1-5 days, in CT which become into macrophage- mononuclear phagocytic system ⑤⑤ lymphocyte: 20-30% of total leukocyte population LM: •round, small LC 6-8 um, medium-sized LC 9-12 um, large LC 13-20 um in diameter•round nucleus with indentation, chromatin appears as spot-liked and electron-dense •cytoplasm: /basophilic:bright blue in color /less /azurophilic granuleEM: /free ribosome /mito. /RER---classification:•TC: thymus dependent lymphocyte, 75%, involve in cellular immune reaction and regulate immune response•BC: bone marrow dependent lymphocyte, 10-15%, become into plasma cell, involve in humoral immune response•large granular cell: KC (killer cell) and NKC( nature killer cell), 10%---function: involve in immune responseLymphocyteLymphocyte3) blood platelet: cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocyte in bone marrow ---normal number: 100-300X109/L ---structure: LM: •disc-liked, 2-4um → irregular in shape                                          Stimulation•in groups•Granulomere•hyalomere EM: /tubular systems: • opening tubule system- increasing the exchange area, facilitate the intaking and releasing• dense tubule system- SER, collecting calcium (Ca2+ ) and synthesizing prostaglandingranules: specific granule: mediate electron density, with dense core, contains clotting factor, fibrinogen, acidic hydrolase dense granule: electron dense, contains 5-hydroxytryptamine, ADP, ATP, Ca2+ and adrenalin---function: • involve in clotting and stopping the bleed: -aggregation -release components of granule, make thrombinogen become into thrombin, then later make fibrinogen become into fibrin• protecting endothelium and take part in repairing of endothelium血小板（血小板（EM））Blood plateletBlood platelet特殊颗粒特殊颗粒特殊颗粒特殊颗粒       3.   Bone marrow and hemopoiesis1)Places for hemopoiesis and structure of bone marrow①①Places for hemopoiesis: yalk sac ( 3W)→liver(6W) →spleen(4M) →bone marrow ②②  Structure  of  bone  marrow: red bone marrow ---hemopoietic tissue: •reticular T.•hemopoietic cell, macrophage, fibroblast, mesenchymal cell ---sinusoid: cap.*hemopoietic inductive microenvironment ( HIM): The environment for hemopoietic cell growth and development, bone marrow HIM includes N of bone marrow, BV, fiber, extracellular GS and stromal cells* stromal cells: ---including reticular cell, fibroblast, macrophage, endothelial cell and lipid-laden cell---function: • supporting• secrete cellular factors, regulate the proliferation and differentiating of hemopoietic cells2)  Hemopoietic  stem  cell  and  hemopoietic progenitor cell①①hemopoietic stem cell (HSC): multipotential stem cell---originated yalk sac →red bone marrow constitutes about 0.5% of total bone marrow cells similar to small LC---feature: •strong potential to proliferation multidifferentiated ability•ability to copy itself: keep certain number②②hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC): committed 定向stem cell---originated from hemopoietic stem cell---forming colony forming unit (CFU) under the regulate of colony stimutating factor (CSF)3) General regulation of hemopoietic processes: ---main steps: •primordial stage•immature stage•mature stage---regulations:• size of cell become smaller and smaller• Nucleus become smaller and smaller or disappears chromatin: from fine and loose to rough and dense• cytoplasm: -more and more -basophilic: weaker and weaker -specific granule: more and more• ability to division: from have to no, but keep the potentials 血细胞发生过程红细胞发生ProerythroblastEarly erythroblastIntermediate erythroblastLate erythroblastReticulocyteErythrocyte???TEMneutrophil???TEM monocyte???TEMEosinophilic granulocyte???TEMLymphocyte???Basophilic granulocyte。