限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别.ppt
30页
The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 •区别一：形式上不同区别一：形式上不同•限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿 •区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）区别二：功能不同（最重要的区别）•限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；•而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整•People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些若把若把从句去掉句子就失去意义从句去掉句子就失去意义)•His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来顿，下星期回来若把从句去句子意义仍若把从句去句子意义仍然完整然完整) Discuss the difference •His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. •His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. •区别区别：：A句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现句：他的哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁今十八岁说明他只有一个哥哥说明他只有一个哥哥) B句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放句：他那个十八岁的哥哥是位解放军说明他还有别的哥哥说明他还有别的哥哥) •All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.那里所有的书都是他写的那里所有的书都是他写的, 书里附有漂亮的插书里附有漂亮的插图。
图说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书说明那里没有除他以外的人写的书) • All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 那里所有附插图的书都是他写的那里所有附插图的书都是他写的暗示没暗示没有附插图的书不是他写的有附插图的书不是他写的) •区别三：翻译不同区别三：翻译不同•在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开如：限定性定语从句与主句分开如：•He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是他就是汽车被窃的那个人汽车被窃的那个人•I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁 •区别四：先行词不同区别四：先行词不同•限定性定语从句限定性定语从句的先行词的先行词只能是名词或代只能是名词或代词词，，•而而非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的先行词则的先行词则可以是名可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；如：；如：• I know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道。
昨天晚上所发生的事情，我一点也不知道修饰前面的修饰前面的nothing) He has made great progress, which made us happy. 他进步了，这使我们大家都很高他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴说明前面句子的整个内容说明前面句子的整个内容) •另外，当先行词为专有名词或另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句从句，而不用限制性定语从句 •区别五：关系词不同区别五：关系词不同•关系词关系词thatthat和和whywhy可用于限制性定语从可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略有时可以省略( (如引导词作宾语，如引导词作宾语，the the wayway做先行词做先行词) )，而在非限制性定语从，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略句中关系词一律不省略 Practice A•请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句那些是非限制性定语从句：1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3.China is a country which has a long history. 4.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Exercises A1、、All______ is useful to us is good.A、、whichB、、whatC、、thatD、、whetherC解析：解析： 定语从句中的先定语从句中的先行词为行词为all, none等词时，等词时，关系代词必须用关系代词必须用that,而而不是不是which. 故选故选C。
2、、Is this factory ____ we visited last week.A、、whereB、、thatC、、whichD、、the oneD解析：解析：解析：解析： this factorythis factory容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是This This factoryfactory是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行是句子的主语而不是先行词所以选择词所以选择词所以选择词所以选择D.The one D.The one 中的中的中的中的oneone 指代的是指代的是指代的是指代的是factory,factory,作定语从句的作定语从句的作定语从句的作定语从句的先行词 3、、She will never forget the day_____ she spent in Beijing.A、、whenB、、whatC、、whichD、、whyC解析：解析：解析：解析：the daythe day是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行是定语从句的先行词，词，词，词，she spent in Beijingshe spent in Beijing中的动词中的动词中的动词中的动词spentspent是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，the day the day 作动词作动词作动词作动词spentspent的宾语。
因的宾语因的宾语因的宾语因此选此选此选此选C.C. 4、、This is the school _______ my father worked 20 years ago.A、、thatB、、whenC、、whichD、、whereD解析：题中的解析：题中的解析：题中的解析：题中的the schoolthe school是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词in +which= in +which= where , where , 因此选因此选因此选因此选D. D. 试比较：试比较：试比较：试比较： This school is ____ my This school is ____ my father worked 20 years ago.father worked 20 years ago.A.where B. the one wherewhere B. the one whereC. that D. the one whichC. that D. the one whichB 5、、This is the factory_______we visited last year.A、、thatB、、 in whichC、、whatD、、the oneA解析：解析：解析：解析：the factorythe factory是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词句的先行词, , 用作宾语；用作宾语；用作宾语；用作宾语；从句从句从句从句we visited last yearwe visited last year中中中中visitvisit是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选A.A. 6、、The text is one of the most interesting stories_______learnt in the past three days.A、、that haveB、、that have beenC、、which hasD、、which has beenB解析：解析：解析：解析：storiesstories是定语是定语是定语是定语从句的先行词从句的先行词从句的先行词从句的先行词, , 同同同同时时时时storiesstories被最高级被最高级被最高级被最高级所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选所修饰，因此选B.B. 1、、The college won’t take anyone _____ eyesight is weak.A、、whoB、、whoseC、、of whomD、、whichBExercises B 2、、Let me think of a proper situation _______ this sentence can be used.A、、whereB、、thatC、、of whomD、、whichA 3、、The man _______ you are talking is in the next room.A、、to whomB、、about whomC、、about whoD、、whomB 4、、I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to me.A、、by thatB、、whatC、、by whichD、、/D 4、、I，，______ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、、who is B、、what is C、、what am D、、who am D 5、、This is the only thing _____ I can do now.A、、whatB、、whichC、、thatD、、allC 6、、Those _____ to take part in the game write down your names.A、、whoB、、who wantC、、what wantsD、、wantB 7、、His walking stick, ____ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.A、、thatB、、with whichC、、whichD、、without whichD 8、、They have decided to finish their work, ______, I think is a wise choice.A、、thatB、、whatC、、whichD、、whetherC 9、、This is the reason ______ he told me.A、、thatB、、whyC、、on whichD、、for thatA 10、、This is the last factory ___ he used to work at, many workers of _____ still have a good relationship with him.A、、that; itB、、which; whomC、、that; whichD、、which; thatC •1.(限限) Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.•2.(非非) Hangzhou is a famous city, where many people come to buy tea./ Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea, is a famous city.•3.(限限) I don’t know the reason why she got angry.•4.(限限) The old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans…•5.(限限) The woman remembered the day when she saw… •6.(非非) St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leninggrad.•7.(限限) I remember the soldier who told me…•8.(非非) The soldier moved …, where they wanted to hide them.•9.(非非) Xi’an is one of the few cities with city walls, whose walls remain as good as before.•10. (非非) Shannxi Province is a place with many cultural relics, which are well looked after. 。
