被动句的翻译剖析.ppt

Session 26Translation of Chinese Passive Sentences Into English汉语被动句的翻译 汉语的被动句译成英语时，并非只能译成被动句，有时也可以译成主动句这是因为，英语除了使用被动语态表达被动的意思以外，还有别的表达法，如使用某些短语结构来表达被动意义仔细观察被动语态英译汉的例句，作逆向思维，便可大致明白什么样的汉语句子可以译成英语被动句下面例证汉语被动句的主要译法 2．．1 汉语被动句译成英语被动句汉语被动句译成英语被动句汉语被动句译成英语被动句，这是首先考虑的翻译方法之一例如：（1）海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了Overseas Chi- nese are no longer looked down upon. （2）他被选为学生会主席He was elected Chair- man of the Students' Union.（3）窗上的玻璃叫那个孩子打破了，他一定要 挨骂的 The window pane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded.（4）我整夜被蚊子搞得不快。

I was annoyed by mosquitoes all night. （5）她深受大家的尊敬She is greatly respec- ted by everyone. （6）他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑He was laughed at by his neighbours. （7）办公大楼为松树所环绕The office building is surrounded by pine trees. （8）这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予 以处理The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time. （9）该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查The plan will be examined by a special committee. （10）这个方案在教代会上被通过了This scheme was approved at the Teachers’Congress.（11）他的研究项目去年完成了。

His research pro- ject was accomplished last year.（12）有个领导在会上受到了批评A leader was criticized at the meeting.（13）她被誉为全国劳动模范She has been selec- ted as a national model worker.（14）他的研究成果获得了高度评价His research findings have been highly evaluated.（15）他被任命为我校科研处处长 He has been appointed as head /dean of the Research Department of our university.（16）艾滋病的蔓延问题可以通过教育加以控制 The spread of AIDS can be controlled through education.（17）正在采取各种措施减少我国的失业率。

Various measures are being adopted in order to reduce the unemployment rate of our country.（18）那男孩的成绩没有让他父母看到The boy’s school records were not seen by his parents.（19）那个国家有许多人被恐怖分子的炸弹炸死了 Many people in that country were killed by the bombs buried and set off by the terrorists.（20）他的所作所为受到人们的怀疑He was suspected of what he did. 以上20句汉语被动句都翻译成了相应的英语被动句，所有译句在形式与内容方面均与原句保持一致显然，汉语被动句翻译为英语被动句是基本的处理方法 2．．2 汉语被动句译成形式上的英语主动句汉语被动句译成形式上的英语主动句 英语表示被动意义时，一般使用被动语态的句子，但并不一定非用被动语态句式不可。

英语有些词语本身带有被动的含义，包含这样的词语的句子虽然是主动句，但实际上是表达被动意义的句子，可称为形式上的主动句，或逻辑意义上的被动句许多汉语被动句可以翻译成这样的英语句子让我们观察以下实例（21）有些地方教师住房仍然不足，教育工作者 的工资经常被拖欠经常被拖欠Housing for teachers is still inadequate in some areas, and tea- chers’ pay is often in arrears.（22）半夜要煨银尔，伺候主人耍钱；头钱从来 没分，有时还挨皮鞭挨皮鞭……I boil white fungus for him late at night. I wait on him at his gambling table without ever getting a tip. Instead I sometimes get a good threshing…（23）当然她们是被搂在幸福之神的怀抱里了。

青春的爱娇，活泼快乐的心情，她们是 多么可羡慕的人生呢！Young and light- hearted, they were indeed basking in the embrace of the god of happiness. How enviable their life was!（24）这个年轻人应该受到惩罚受到惩罚The young man deserves punishing.（25）此谋杀案正在受到调查正在受到调查The murder is now under investigation. （26）老人在那个国家不受尊敬The aged are not respectable in that country.（27）这篇论文经得起推敲经得起推敲 The paper can stand criticizing. （28）这些书由我夫人保管由我夫人保管These books were in the charge of my wife. （29）那一地区的严重问题远未被解决远未被解决。

The serious problem in that area is far from its solution. （30）华盛顿·欧文1783年4月3日生于纽约，当时  纽约仍为英军占领仍为英军占领Washington Irving was born in New York on April 3, 1783, when the city was still in the possession of the British troops. （31）他不愿受制于人受制于人He is not willing to be under others’ control.（32）他们遭到敌人的突然袭击遭到敌人的突然袭击They ran into an unexpected attack from the enemy.（33）这男孩正在被严加管教被严加管教The boy is under strict discipline.（34）这座城市就这样被敌人征服了被敌人征服了。

Thus, the city fell into the hands of the enemy. （35）政权被牢牢地掌握被牢牢地掌握在人民手里Political power rests firmly in the hands of the people.例句（20）至（35）都是明显的汉语被动句，它们分别被翻译成形式上为主动语态、但逻辑意义上实为被动语态的英语句子这些译句都采用了含有被动意义的习惯表达法，流畅易懂，朗朗上口，堪称忠实、准确的译文 2．．3 逻辑意义上的汉语被动句译为逻辑意义上的汉语被动句译为 相应的逻辑意义上的英语被动句相应的逻辑意义上的英语被动句 汉语有数不胜数的逻辑意义上的被动句，这是汉语的一大特点英语也有一些形式上为主动语态、但逻辑意义上实为被动语态的句子许许多多逻辑意义上的汉语被动句最好翻译为相对应的逻辑意义上的英语被动句请看下面的例句36）他的戏剧不宜上演His plays won’t act.（37）会议于五点钟休会The meeting adjourned at five o’clock. （38）西红柿容易碰伤。

Tomatoes bruise easily.（39）这根腰带扣不上This belt won’t buckle.（40）我的声音传不远My voice does not carry well.（41）搪瓷器皿容易弄干净Enamel wares clean easily.（42）这箱子关不拢This box doesn’t close properly.（43）这些苹果适于烹煮These apples cook well.（44）这种金属容易切削This metal cuts easily.（45）这烟斗不大畅通The pipe does not draw well.（46）尼龙织物干得快Nylon dries quickly.（47）这料子染不好This material does not dye well.（48）这东西好吃It eats well.（49）潮湿的木头不着火Damp wood will not fire.（50）这种麦子很好磨This wheat grinds well.（51）刹车不灵The brake does not grip properly.（52）这车很好驾驶。

This car handles well.（53）潮湿的衣服容易烫平Damp clothes iron easily.（54）蚊子在产卵时容易消灭Mosquitoes kill easily when incubating.（55）这套公寓房间每月租金500元The flat lets for 500 yuan a month.（56）这火柴容易划燃The match lights easily.（57）这门锁不上The door won’t lock.（58）这条母牛出奶率高The cow milks well.（59）这些书容易包装These books pack easily.（60）这些土豆容易削皮These potatoes peel easily.（61）成熟的苹果容易摘下来Ripe apples pick easily.（62）那出戏适宜上演That drama will play.（63）这首诗读来顺口This poem reads well.（64）他的声音录下来很好听His voice records well.（65）这些诗很合韵律。

The verses scan smoothly.（66）那个剧本不适于拍电影That play screens badly.（67）他的新小说销路很好His new novel is selling well.（68）这窗关不上The window won’t shut.（69）有些木材容易劈开Some kinds of wood split easily.（70）有些食物容易腐烂Some kinds of food soon spoil.（71）这麻布容易玷污This linen cloth spots easily.（72）白色衣服容易弄脏White clothes stain easily.（73）这潮湿的火柴擦不燃The damp match won’t strike.（74）这种纸一撕就破This paper tears easily.（75）并非每个习语都能这样容易译出Not every idiom translates with such ease. （76）这布很耐洗The cloth washes well. （77）这种材料不经久耐用This material won’t wear.（78）这门打不开。

The door won’t open. （79）这屋子租不出去The house won’t let. （80）他的戏剧不适宜上演His plays won’t act.  词蕴含被动意义的英语主动句所有这些译句与原句神形一致，堪称对等译文值得注意的是，上述各句的谓语部分揭示了其主语的本质特性，反映了各自主语的内在属性、特点或质量，正因为如此，上述各句使用谓语动词的主动语态由于上述汉语句子及其相对应的译句（36）至（80）都是其谓语动词包含被动意义的汉语主动句，都给翻译成相应的谓语动都包含被动意义，故它们都可称为逻辑意义上的被动句，也可称为含有被动意义的主动句 我们具体讨论并详细例证了英汉被动句的翻译问题英汉被动句的翻译，必须在透彻理解原文及其语境的基础上，选用恰当的翻译技巧加以处理，确保译文措辞准确，通顺易懂，确保译文在内容和风格方面忠实于原文 Questions to be answered: 1. Point out as many words as you can which are used to introduced passive sentences in Chinese. 2. How are passive sentences in Chinese normally translated?。