pm-项目管理-2基础.ppt

Project, PM and Software PM,College of Computer,2011春夏学期授课版,2,Agenda,PM Conception概念 PMBOK‘s ContentsPMBOK的内容 Tools工具 Phase and Process Phase阶段 Process过程 Organization组织 Commitment义务 SPM Conception概念 Classification分类 Challenge挑战 Problems Solving问题解决,2011春夏学期授课版,3,项目管理基础,2011春夏学期授课版,4,What is Project ?,PMI definition 项目 “是为了实现一个独特目的(产品或服务)而进行的临时性任务” (PMBOK® Guide 2000, p. 4) 目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性 A project is an inter-related set of activities whose combined performance within a limited period of time accomplishes certain desired objectives.,2011春夏学期授课版,5,What is Project ?,Dictionary definition = “a planned activity” ‘planned’ -> know how to carry out a task before you start ‘activity’ ->- non-routine task- specific objective or product- pre-determined time span- involves specialisms- resources are constrained- Multiple stakeholders- complex and large,2011春夏学期授课版,6,What is a Project?,By a strict definition, we will consider a project as: a one time effort having defined starting and end dates having a specified objective and scope of work to be performed producing a unique product or service solving a problem or addressing a need having a set budget being performed by a temporary organization Being led by one ultimately accountable individual,Software projects are temporary organizational units,2011春夏学期授课版,7,Attributes of projects,Attributes of projects unique purpose目的的唯一性 Temporary临时性 require resources, often from various areas资源 should have a primary sponsor and/or customer发起人/用户 involve uncertainty不确定性,2011春夏学期授课版,8,项目的典型特征,Limited (often highly constrained) duration Uncertainty regarding work required, methods, durations, and costs Complex sequencing requirements among activities Large projects are often composed of multiple smaller projects Often constrained resources availability and uneven workload 目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性,2011春夏学期授课版,9,项目的典型特征,Temporary project organization/team with members drawn from various disciplines, functional areas, and organizations Project manager lacks formal, permanent authority with respect to team members Potential for changing priorities, miscommunication, confusion, and conflict. 目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性,2011春夏学期授课版,10,项目分类,,improving改善,,,Contract契约,Development发展,Source from enterprise strategy企业策略,Source from contract契约,Source from efficiency 效率requirement需求,2011春夏学期授课版,11,Big Project， Project and subproject,BP,P2,P1,SP2,SP1,2011春夏学期授课版,12,Project is anywhere,Moving house,Solution Showcase,Lily wedding,OA Training,2011春夏学期授课版,13,Samples of IT Projects,Northwest Airlines developed a new reservation system called ResNet Many organizations upgrade hardware, software, and networks via projects Organizations develop new software or enhance existing systems to perform many business functions Note: “IT projects” refers to projects involving hardware, software, and networks,2011春夏学期授课版,14,Samples of Non-IT Projects,Constructing a new building Developing a new product Performing a major research study Planning/holding a major event like a wedding, family reunion, etc. Your examples? Note: Try to think of projects that involve several people with different backgrounds,2011春夏学期授课版,15,,能够受益于项目的行为类型,Consider the following activities, do they require PM. Cooking in a restaurant Writing a book Installing a new version of a word processing package Installing a new version of a word processing package in an organization Getting married,,日常事务,工作,试探,成果不确定,2011春夏学期授课版,16,项目管理的三项约束,Every project is constrained in different ways by its 范围目标: What is the project trying to accomplish? 进度目标: How long should it take to complete? 成本目标: What should it cost?成果的项目管理就意味着同时实现这三个目标，并能够让发起人满意,2011春夏学期授课版,17,项目管理的三项约束,2011春夏学期授课版,18,,4 basic building block of PM,C = function(P, S, T)C = Cost成本 P = Performance履行能力 S = Scope范围 T = Time进度,2011春夏学期授课版,19,项目的5个主要角色 (Humphrey 2000),Team leader Development leader Planning mgr. Quality/process mgr. Support mgr.Project = event(cultural, engineering) Cultural：项目承担组织的企业文化,2011春夏学期授课版,20,四个项目维度,People Process Product Technology,2011春夏学期授课版,21,Trade-off Triangle平衡三角,从 快、廉价、好，三者中选择两个你的选择是？,2011春夏学期授课版,22,Trade-off Triangle平衡三角,Know which of these are fixed & variable for every project了解每个项目中的变和不变,2011春夏学期授课版,23,PM的挑战任务,People management人员管理 Managing project culture项目文化管理 Understanding each team member and stakeholders Match roles to people Team management Professional development Technical skills CASE tools Management technique Measurement, software process assessment Project management Tracking individual time and effort (Do not be a police) Individual spreadsheet, or Personal software process (PSP), Fig 1.4 page 16. PSP studio is Free and available on Web site www.cs.umt.edu,2011春夏学期授课版,24,主要行为,可行性研究 Investigate whether a project is worth doing E.g. economic evaluation 计划编制 For a large project, outline for whole project + detailed plan for the 1st stage.,项目实施 Design = think and decide about precise form of the products (e.g. external appearance of software: -user i/f, -internal architecture.),。