【素材】Unit2背景知识WorldHealthOrganization（人教）.docx

World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization Acronym: WHOFlag of the World Health OrganizationFormatio n7 April 1948TypeSpecialized agency of the United NationsHeadquartersGeneva, SwitzerlandMembership193 member statesOfficial languagesArabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and SpanishDirector-Ge neralDr. Margaret ChanWebsitehtt p://www.wh o.int/The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordi nating authority on in ter natio nal public health. Established on 7 April 194& and headquartered in Gen eva, Switzerla nd, the age ncy in herited the man date and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the League of Nations. MissionThe WHOs constitution states that its objective "is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health•”⑴ Its major task is to combat disease, especially key infectious diseases, and to promote the general health of the people of the world・Establishme ntThe World Health Organization is one of the original agencies of the United Nations, its constitution formally coming into force on the first World Health Day, (7 April 1948), when it was ratified by the 26th member state.[21 Prior to this its operations, as well as the remaining activities of the League of Nations Health Organization, were under the control of an Interim Commission following an International Health Conference in the summer of 1946J3] The transfer was authorized by a Resolution of the General Assembly•⑷ The epidemiological service of the French Office In ter national dHygie ne Publique was in corporated into the Interim Commissi on of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947•⑸Summary of activitiesAs well as coordi nating in ter national efforts to mon itor outbreaks of in fectious diseases, such as SARS, malaria, and AIDS, the WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat such diseases. The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs. After over 2 decades of fighting smallpox, the WHO declared in 1980 that the disease had been eradicated - the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort・The WHO aims to eradicate polio within the next few years・ The organization has already endorsed the worlds first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe (from October 3, 2006), making it an inter national sta ndard.[61In addition to its work in eradicating disease, the WHO also carries out various health-related campaigns — for example, to boost the consumption of fruits and vegetables worldwide and to discourage tobacco use.Experts met at the WHO headquarters in Geneva in February, 2007, and reported that their work on pandemic influenza vaccine development had achieved encouraging progress・ More than 40 clinical trials have been completed or are ongoing. Most have focused on healthy adults・ Some companies, after completing safety analyses in adults, have initiated clinical trials in the elderly and in children. All vaccines so far appear to be safe and well-tolerated in all age groups tested.[71 The WHO also con ducts research, on, for insta nee, whether the electromagnetic field surrounding cell phones has a n egative influe nee on health ・ Some of this work can be con troversial, as illustrated by the April, 2003, joi nt WHO/FAO report, which recomme nded that sugar should form no more than 10% of a healthy diet. This report led to lobbying by the sugar industry against the recommendation⑻，to which the WHO/FAO responded by including in the report the state me nt "The Con sultatio n recog nized that a populati on goal for free sugars of less than 10% of total energy is controversiabut also stood by its recommendation based upon its own analysis of scientific studies,[9]Global plan of action on workers healthIn coordination with the sixtieth world health assembly, the WHO drafted a global plan of action on workers health to protect and promote health in the workplace, to improve the performs nee of and access to occupati onal health services, and to in corporate workers1 health into other policies. The WHO has emphasized the effort because, despite the availability of effective interventions to prevent occupational hazards, large gaps exist between and within countries with regard to the health status of workers and their exposure to occupational risks・ According to the WHO, only a small minority of the global workforce has access to occupational health services. The actio n plan deals with aspects of workers1 health, in eluding primary preventio n of occupational hazards, protection and promotion of health at work, employment condition and a better response from health systems to workers health.flO]Additional responsibilitiesIn addition to the WHOs stated mission, in ternational treaties assig n the Orga nizati on a variety of responsibilities. For 。