《汉英翻译的标准》PPT课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第1章 绪论,1.3 汉英翻译的标准,1.4 汉英翻译的过程,1.5 汉英翻译对译者素养的要求,1.3 汉英翻译的标准(criteria),1.3.Criteria for translation,Criteria of translation is the plumb-line for measuring the quality of a translation and the goal for a translator to strive for.,1)Source-languageoriented principle(以译出语为取向的原则).,Characteristics:pay extreme attention to the form of the source text,always adopts a word-for-word/line-for-line translation or transliteration.,e.g.他是只纸老虎,He is a paper tiger.,这事让他丢脸,This makes him lose face.,it rains cats and dogs(?),the Milky Way (?),the apple of ones eye(?),2)Target-language-oriented principle(以译入语为取向的原则),Liberal/free translation:,e.g.:What is done is done.,木已成舟,Kicking a man when he is down.,打落水狗/落井下石,Literal translation:using large number of domestication/adaptation for the readers sake.This is done at the cost of the loss or damage of the original image sometimes.,三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮,Two heads are better than one.,3)Author-and reader-oriented principle(以作者和读者为取向的原则),Characteristics:take both the author and the reader into consideration,and strive to be faithful and smooth at the same time.,18世纪英国爱丁堡大学教授，翻译理论家泰特勒(Alexander F.Tytler)提出的三条翻译基本原理：,1.A translation should give a complete transcript of the,ideas,of the original work.,2.The,style and manner,of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.,3.A translation should have all,the ease,of the original composition.,玄奘:既须求真又须喻俗,严复:(天演论卷首的译例言)“信、达、雅”(faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance),Yan Fus,“faithfulness”,means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought.,His,“expressiveness”,demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.,So the first two words as translation criteria are acceptable.But his,“elegance”,is unadoptable because it refers to the use of classical Chinese before that Han Dynasty.Yan Fu held that only the language before the Han Dynasty could be considered elegant and old vocabulary,old structure of Chinese must be used in order to represent the original fully and adequately.,Therefore he can be said to object to the use of the vernacular or popular language of the people.As a matter of fact,the vernacular began to be in fashion when Yan Fu lived.Facts prove the vernacular or the popular language of the people can be used to translate any foreign language in the world.,So many people criticized his“elegance.”Furthermore,His“elegance”can only be regarded as one style.Its opposite is the style of“boldness”.“Elegance”and“boldness”constitute two different styles.Of course there are many other styles in translation.,鲁迅(题未定草)“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿”,4)Aesthetics-oriented principle(以美学为取向的原则),Chiefly advocated by literary translators,represented by Ezra Pound：(,Cathy,华夏集),e.g.:十六君远行，瞿塘滟预堆。

五月不可触，猿鸣天上哀李白长干行）,(.you have been gone)five months,傅雷：(高老头重译本序)神似（similarity in spirit）,钱钟书：化境(sublimation/reincarnation),许渊冲：“三美”（音美，意美，形美 the phonetic beauty,the semantic beauty,the formal beauty）,“三化”（深化法，等化法，浅化法）,许渊冲译毛泽东诗词昆仑,而今我谓昆仑，不要这么高，不要这多雪，安得倚天抽宝剑，将汝裁为三节：一节赠欧，一节赠美，一节还东国I would give to Europe your crest,And to America your breast,And leave the orient the rest.,许渊冲贺杨振宁新婚,振宁不老松，杨帆为小翁,多寒情更热，花好驻春风,The ageless wont grow old,You sail with your young bride,love will warm winter cold,spring will ever abide.,Autumn-spring romance,a December-May couple 老夫少妻,中华儿女多奇志，不爱红装爱武装（毛泽东为女民兵题照）,Most Chinese daughters have a desire strong,To be battle-dressed and not rosy-gowned.,To face the powder and not powder the face.,5)Sociosemiotics-oriented principle(以社会符号学为取向的原则),Characteristics:the translator should take into consideration the meaning and function conveyed by all kinds of language symbols included.,A)Designative/conceptual meaning(指称意义),The relationship between the language symbol and the objective world it refers to,e.g.:flower（花）,He can play football.(他会踢球),B)Linguistic meaning(言内意义):the relationship between language symbols in the level of phonetics,word syntactic and discourse.,The senator picked up his hat and courage.参议员捡起了帽子，鼓起了勇气(一语双叙),Two ghosts walked into a bar and asked the bar tender,“Do you serve spirits”?(双关),C)Pragmatic meaning(语用意义),It refers to the relationship between language symbols and its user,including indexical meaning(表征意义),expressive meaning(表达意义),social meaning(社会意义),imperative meaning(祈使意义),associative meaning(联想意义).,对语言具备的功能,翻译家和语言学家的看法基本一致,只是划分的类别出有粗细之分,综合各家之见,(陈宏薇将之)分为:,1.信息功能(informative function),e.g.Gold melts at 300 degrees Fahrenheit.,2.表情功能(expressive function),e.g.Im extremely sorry about,3.人际/寒暄功能(interpersonal/phatic function),e.g.How are you?,Thank you for being with us!Good night!,4.呼唤/祈使功能(vocative function),e.g.Come here!,5.美感功能(aesthetic function),e.g.My loves a red red rose,6.认知功能(cognitive function)*,man has to use language to think,during the process,the language is performing the,7.元语言功能(metalingual function),e.g.Chinese is a tonal language,西方最流行的标准是。