03脑干BrainstemPPT优秀课件.ppt

山东大学医学院山东大学医学院 解剖教研室解剖教研室李振华李振华1The brainnTelencephalon 端脑端脑nDiencephalon间脑间脑nCerebellum 小脑小脑 nBrain stem 脑干脑干 2The brain stem 脑干脑干Consists of n Midbrain 中脑中脑 n Pons 脑桥脑桥n Medulla oblongata延髓延髓 3Medulla oblongata延髓延髓 Ventral surfacenPyramid锥体锥体: contain pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract)nDecussation of pyramid锥体锥体交叉交叉: formed by crossing fibers of corticospinal tractnOlive橄榄橄榄: produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleusnAnterolateral sulcus前外侧沟前外侧沟: rootlets of hypoglossal nerve emerge from itnRetroolivary sulcus橄榄后沟橄榄后沟: rootlets of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves emerge from it 4Medulla oblongata 延髓延髓Dorsal surfacenLower portionqGracile tubercle薄束结节薄束结节: produced by underlying gracile nucleusqCuneate tubercle楔束结节楔束结节: marks the site of cuneate nucleusqInferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚小脑下脚qObex 闩闩nUpper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa5 Pons 脑桥脑桥Ventral surfacenBasilar part 基底部基底部nBasilar sulcus 基底沟基底沟nBulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟延髓脑桥沟: from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves appearnMiddle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚小脑中脚nTrigeminal nerve 三叉神经三叉神经nPontocerebellar trigone 脑桥小脑三角脑桥小脑三角: the junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum6 Pons 脑桥脑桥Dorsal surfacenSuperior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚小脑上脚nSuperior medullary velum 前髓帆前髓帆nTrochlear nerve 滑车神经滑车神经7 Midbrain 中脑中脑 Ventral surfacenCrus cerebri 大脑脚底大脑脚底nInterpeduncular fossa 脚间窝脚间窝 oculomotor nerves emerge from medial of crus cerebrinPosterior perforated substance 后穿质后穿质8 Midbrain中脑中脑 Dorsal surfacenSuperior colliculus 上丘上丘constitute centers for visual reflexesnInferior colliculus 下丘下丘associated with auditory pathwaynBrachium of superior colliculi 上丘臂上丘臂nBrachium of inferior colliculi 下丘臂下丘臂9Fourth ventricle 第四脑室第四脑室Position nSituated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medullaCentral canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle10BoundariesnInferolateral: gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar pedunclenSuperolateral: superior cerebellar pedunclenLateral recess11Features nMedian sulcus 正中沟正中沟nSulcus limitans 界沟界沟nVestibular area前庭区前庭区 overlies vestibular nucleinAcoustic tubercle听结节听结节overlying dorsal cochlear nucleusnMedial eminence 内侧隆起内侧隆起n Striae medullares 髓纹髓纹12nFacial colliculus面神经丘面神经丘: overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nervenHypoglossal triangle 舌下神经三角舌下神经三角: verlying hypoglossal nucleus nVagal triangle迷走神经三角迷走神经三角: overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nervenFuniculus separans分隔索分隔索nArea postrema 最后区最后区nLocus ceruleus 蓝斑蓝斑13 Roof nAnterior part: formed by superior cerebellar peduncle and superior medullary velumnPosterior part: formed by inferior medullary velum and choroid plexus of fourth ventriclenThree aperturesqMedian aperture of fourth ventricle 第四脑室正中孔第四脑室正中孔qTwo lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 第四脑室外侧孔第四脑室外侧孔14Tela choroidea and choroid plexus脉络丛和脉络组织脉络丛和脉络组织15Internal structures 16 General somatic motor nuclei 一般躯体运动核一般躯体运动核nNucleus of oculomotor n.动眼神经核动眼神经核nNucleus of trochlear n. 滑滑车神经核车神经核nNucleus of abducent n. 展神经核展神经核nNucleus of hypoglossal n.舌下神经核舌下神经核17 NucleusSiteCranial n. FunctionNucleus of Oculomotor n.MidbrainⅢSupreior, inferior,and medial recti, inf. obliquus, levator palpebrae superiorisNucleus oftrochlear n.MidbrainⅣSuperior obliquusNucleus of abducent n.PonsⅥLateral rectusNucleus of hypoglossal n.MedullaⅫMuscles of tongueGeneral somatic motor nuclei18 Special visceral motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核特殊内脏运动核nMotor nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动核三叉神经运动核nNucleus of facial n. 面神经核面神经核nNucleus ambiguus 疑核疑核nAccessory nucleus 副神经核副神经核19Special visceral motor nucleiNucleusSiteCranial n.FunctionMotor nucleus of trigeminal n.PonsⅤMasticatory musclesNucleus of facial n. PonsⅦFacial m., platysma, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapediusNucleus ambiguusMedullaⅨ,Ⅹ.ⅪSkeletal m. of pharynx, larynx and upper part of esophagusAccessory nucleusMedulla-cervical cordⅪSternocleidomastoid, trapezius20General visceral motor nuclei 一般内脏运动一般内脏运动核核nAccessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核动眼神经副核nSuperior salivatory nucleus 上泌涎核上泌涎核nInferior salivertory nucleus 下泌涎核下泌涎核nDorsal nucleus of vagus n. 迷走神经背核迷走神经背核21General visceral motor nucleiNucleusSiteCranial n.FunctionAccessory oculomotor nucleusMidbrainⅢSphincter pupillae and ciliary m.Superior salivatory nucleusPonsⅦSubmandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glandsInferior salivertory nucleusMedullaⅨParotid glandDorsal nucleus of vagus n.medullaⅩMany cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera22Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special ) nNucleus of solitary tract 孤束核孤束核23Visceral sensory nuclei ( general and special )NucleusSiteCranial n.FunctionNucleus of solitary tractMedullaⅦ,Ⅸ,ⅩTaste and visceral sensation24General somatic sensory nucleinMesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经中脑核三叉神经中脑核nPontine nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脑桥核三叉神经脑桥核nSpinal nucleus of trigeminal n. 三叉神经脊束核三叉神经脊束核25General somatic sensory nucleiNucleusSiteCranial n.FunctionMesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n.MidbrainⅤProprioception of headPontine nucleus of trigeminal n.PonsⅤTactile sensation of headSpinal nucleus of trigeminal n.MedullaⅤPain and temperature sense of head26Special somatic sensory nucleinCochlear nuclei 蜗神经核蜗神经核nVestibular nuclei 前庭神经核前庭神经核27Special somatic sensory nucleiNucleusSiteCranial n.FunctionCochlear nucleiPons and medulla ⅧSense of hearingVestibular nucleiPons and medullaⅧSense of equilibrium28nGracile nucleus 薄束核nCuneate nucleus 楔束核nInferior olivary nucleus 下橄榄核nSuperior olivery nucleus 上橄榄核nPontine nucleus 脑桥核nNucleus of inferior colliculus下丘核nGray matter layers of superior colliculus 上丘灰质层nRed nucleus 红核nSubstantia nigra 黑质nPretectal area 顶盖前区 Relay nuclei 传导中继核传导中继核29 Non-cranial nerve nuclei NucleusSiteGracile nucleusMedulla (underneath gracile tubercle)Cuneate nucleusMedulla (underneath cuneate tubercle)Superior olivery nucleusPons Pontine nucleusponsNucleus of inferior colliculusMidbrain Gray matter layers of superior colliculusMidbrain Red nucleusMidbrain Substantia nigraMidbrain Pretectal areaMidbrain 30White matterAscending tractsnMedial lemniscus 内侧丘系内侧丘系nSpinal lemniscus脊髓丘系脊髓丘系nTrigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系三叉丘系nLateral lemniscus外侧丘系外侧丘系31Medial lemniscus 内侧丘系内侧丘系32Spinal lemniscus脊髓丘系脊髓丘系33Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘系三叉丘系34Descending tractsnCorticospinal tract 皮质脊髓束皮质脊髓束nRubrospinal tract 红核脊髓束红核脊髓束nTectospinal tract 顶盖脊髓束顶盖脊髓束nVestibulospinal tract 前庭脊髓束前庭脊髓束nReticulospinal tract 网状脊髓束网状脊髓束35Lateral lemniscus外侧丘系外侧丘系36 Reticular formation of brain stemnAscending reticular activating system (ARAS) 上行网状激动系统上行网状激动系统nMotor central and vital centresqReticulospinal tractqCardiovascular center and respiratory centernSerotonergic rapheal nuclei 37The characters of internal structure of brain stem38Medulla oblongataLower part (closed part)nTwo decussations– qDecussations of medial lemniscus qDecussations of pyramid 39Medulla oblongataUpper part (open part) nAppearance of inferior olivary nuculeus and inferior cerebellar peduncle nEnlargement of central canal to form the fourth ventricle floor40Pons nTegmentum of pons 脑桥被盖脑桥被盖directed upward continuation of medulla oblongatanBasilar part 基底部基底部 contain both longitudinal and transverse fibers intermixed with pontine nuclei41Midbrain nRectum of midbrain中脑顶盖中脑顶盖: includes superior and inferior colliculinCerebral peduncle 大脑脚大脑脚qTegmentum 被被盖盖: contain ascending tracts, central gray matter, recticular formation and so onqSubstentia nigra 黑质黑质qCrus cerebri 大脑脚底大脑脚底: nPyramidal tract锥体束锥体束－－ middle three-fifths of the crus:nFrontopontine tract额桥束额桥束 medial one-fifth: npariatotempopontine tract 顶颞顶颞桥束桥束lateral one-fifth 4243。